Samuil Micu Klein (September 1745 – 13 May 1806) was a Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic, Romanian Greek-Catholic theologian, historian, philologist and philosopher, a member of the Enlightenment-era movement of Transylvanian School (Şcoala Ardeleană). He is the author of Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae, a book which is the reference point for the start of Modern Romanian language period.

Biography

Born as ''Maniu Micu'' in the Transylvanian village of Sadu, in the Austrian Empire (now in Sibiu County, Romania), he was the son of a Greek-Catholic protopope and the nephew of bishop Inocenţiu Micu-Klein.Hitchins, p. 667. He began to study at the Seminary of Blaj and he joined the Order of Saint Basil in 1762. Micu received a scholarship in 1762 and began studying at the Catholic Pázmáneum University of Vienna. There is little known about his life in Vienna, but it is known he was attracted to science, studying experimental physics, mechanics and mathematics, in addition to theology and philosophy. In 1772, returning to Blaj to teach ethics and mathematics at the Seminary, Klein met and befriended bishop Grigorie Maior, whom he accompanied in visits throughout his diocese, trying to win converts to Greek-Catholicism. These trips proved to be useful in his study of the Romanian language, especially of the language spoken by the peasants, gathering materials for a future grammar. Klein was also interested in Romanian folklore, his writings being one of the earliest works on it. In 1774, he finished writing a work of history named ''De ortu progressu conversione valachorum episcopis item archiepiscopis et metropolitis eorum'', which talked about the Roman origins of the Romanians and the origins of their faith in the Roman Christian Church in ancient Dacia. Apparently, his goal was to make the bishopric become a metropolis, so it would no longer belong to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest, Archdiocese of Esztergom.Hitchins, p. 668. He went to Vienna in 1779 to become a prefect of studies at the Saint Barbara College, he published in 1780, together with Gheorghe Sincai the first Romanian grammar, ''Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae''. Klein returned to Blaj, and between 1782 and 1804, he was very productive both in his translations and in writing original works: * translation of textbooks for Blaj schools * translation of over seventy-seven titles and 7,500 pages from the Church Fathers * a history of Romania entitled ''Scurtă cunoştinţă a istoriei Românilor'' (1792) * a translation of ''The Granite Matrix'' (1794) * a translation of the bible (''Biblia de la Blaj'', 1795) * a four-volume Latin draft of ''Istoria, lucrurile şi întâmplările Românilor'' (1800, though only an 1805 translation to Romanian survived) Klein moved to Buda in 1804 to become the editor at the University of Buda press for the Romanian-language books, hoping that this would allow him to publish his historical works, a project which did not materialise because of his death just two years later.Hitchins, p. 669.

Notes

References

* Keith Hitchins, "Samuel Clain and the Rumanian Enlightenment in Transylvania", ''Slavic Review'', Vol. 23, No. 4. (Dec., 1964), pp. 660–675.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Micu-Klein, Samuil 1745 births 1806 deaths 18th-century Romanian historians Romanians in Hungary Romanian folklorists 19th-century Romanian historians Romanian philologists Romanian schoolteachers Romanian theologians Romanian Greek-Catholic clergy Translators of the Bible into Romanian Romanian translators Age of Enlightenment Transylvanian School People from Sibiu County Order of Saint Basil the Great 18th-century translators

Biography

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