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Salome I (ca. 65 BCE – ca. 10 CE) was the sister of
entry in The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature by James Strong and John McClintock She had three children by her second husband Costobarus, Antipater IV (who married Cypros II, Herod's daughter by Mariamne I), Berenice (who married first Aristobulus IV, Herod's son by the same mother, and second Theudion, brother of Herod's first wife Doris) and an unnamed daughter (who married Alexas' son Alexas, the Temple Treasurer). Like her more famous granddaughter (and grandniece)Jewish Virtual Library. ''Jabneh''
/ref>
Salome I
entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith * Hananya Hizmi
The Toparchy of Salome, Sister of King Herod, and its Towns: Archelais, Phasaelis, and Livias
{{DEFAULTSORT:Salome 01 65 BC births 10s deaths Herodian dynasty 1st-century BC Herodian rulers 1st-century Herodian rulers 1st-century BC women rulers 1st-century women rulers 1st-century BCE Jews 1st-century Jews Ancient Jewish women
Salome I (ca. 65 BCE – ca. 10 CE) was the sister of Herod the Great
Herod I (; ; grc-gre, ; c. 72 – 4 or 1 BCE), also known as Herod the Great, was a Roman Jewish client king of Judea, referred to as the Herodian kingdom. He is known for his colossal building projects throughout Judea, including his renova ...
and the mother of Berenice by her husband Costobarus, governor of Idumea
Edom (; Edomite: ; he, אֱדוֹם , lit.: "red"; Akkadian: , ; Ancient Egyptian: ) was an ancient kingdom in Transjordan, located between Moab to the northeast, the Arabah to the west, and the Arabian Desert to the south and east ...
. She was a nominal queen regnant of the toparchy of Iamnia, Azotus, Phasaelis from 4 BCE.
Life
She first married Joseph ( :fr:Joseph (iduméen)), whom she accused of familiarities with Mariamne, wife of Herod, and thus procured his death.Salomeentry in The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature by James Strong and John McClintock She had three children by her second husband Costobarus, Antipater IV (who married Cypros II, Herod's daughter by Mariamne I), Berenice (who married first Aristobulus IV, Herod's son by the same mother, and second Theudion, brother of Herod's first wife Doris) and an unnamed daughter (who married Alexas' son Alexas, the Temple Treasurer). Like her more famous granddaughter (and grandniece)
Herodias
Herodias ( el, Ἡρῳδιάς, ''Hērǭdiás''; ''c.'' 15 BC – after AD 39) was a princess of the Herodian dynasty of Judaea during the time of the Roman Empire. Christian writings connect her with John the Baptist's execution.
Family rel ...
, she divorced her husband in contravention of what Josephus
Flavius Josephus (; grc-gre, Ἰώσηπος, ; 37 – 100) was a first-century Romano-Jewish historian and military leader, best known for '' The Jewish War'', who was born in Jerusalem—then part of Roman Judea—to a father of priestly ...
(''Jewish Antiquities'' 15.7.10) says were Jewish laws at the time:"But some time afterward, when Salome happened to quarrel with Costobarus, she sent him a bill of divorce and dissolved her marriage with him, though this was not according to the Jewish laws; for with us it is lawful for a husband to do so; but a wife, if she departs from her husband, cannot of herself be married to another, unless her former husband put her away. However, Salome chose to follow not the law of her country, but the law of her authority, and so renounced her wedlock..."After this she accused him of treason against Herod, who put him to death. Salome's third husband was Alexas ( :pl:Aleksas I). Berenice's children were
Herodias
Herodias ( el, Ἡρῳδιάς, ''Hērǭdiás''; ''c.'' 15 BC – after AD 39) was a princess of the Herodian dynasty of Judaea during the time of the Roman Empire. Christian writings connect her with John the Baptist's execution.
Family rel ...
, Herod Agrippa I
Herod Agrippa (Roman name Marcus Julius Agrippa; born around 11–10 BC – in Caesarea), also known as Herod II or Agrippa I (), was a grandson of Herod the Great and King of Judea from AD 41 to 44. He was the father of Herod Agrippa II, the ...
, king of Judea, Herod of Chalcis and Aristobulus Minor, and Mariamne III (who may have been the first wife of her uncle, Herod Archelaus
Herod Archelaus (, ''Hērōidēs Archelaos''; 23 BC – ) was ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, including the cities Caesarea and Jaffa, for a period of nine years (). He was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace the Samar ...
, ethnarch of Judea
Judea or Judaea ( or ; from he, יהודה, Standard ''Yəhūda'', Tiberian ''Yehūḏā''; el, Ἰουδαία, ; la, Iūdaea) is an ancient, historic, Biblical Hebrew, contemporaneous Latin, and the modern-day name of the mountainous so ...
).
Salome I played a major background role in the court intrigues that plagued the royal family. She led Herod to execute his wife Mariamne I and their two sons. She encouraged Herod to favor his first son Antipater III. She disobeyed Herod's last command to execute the Judean elders he had detained as soon as he died.
Upon the death of Herod the Great in 4 BCE, she was given a toparchy including the cities of Iamnia, Azotus, Phasaelis, and 5000 drachma
The drachma ( el, δραχμή , ; pl. ''drachmae'' or ''drachmas'') was the currency used in Greece during several periods in its history:
# An ancient Greek currency unit issued by many Greek city states during a period of ten centuries, fr ...
e. The Roman emperor Augustus
Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...
supplemented this with a royal habitation at Ascalon. While nominally queen of these areas, they were ultimately subject to the Judaean prefect.
After Salome's death, Iamnia fell to Livia
Livia Drusilla (30 January 59 BC – 28 September AD 29) was a Roman empress from 27 BC to AD 14 as the wife of Emperor Augustus Caesar. She was known as Julia Augusta after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14.
Livia was the ...
, the Roman empress, and then to her son Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
./ref>
See also
*Herodian dynasty
The Herodian dynasty was a royal dynasty of Idumaean (Edomite) descent, ruling the Herodian Kingdom of Judea and later the Herodian Tetrarchy as a vassal state of the Roman Empire. The Herodian dynasty began with Herod the Great, who assumed t ...
*Herodian kingdom
The Herodian Kingdom of Judea was a client state of the Roman Republic from 37 BCE, when Herod the Great, who had been appointed "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate in 40/39 BCE, took actual control over the country. When Herod died in 4 ...
*List of Hasmonean and Herodian rulers
The following is a list of Jewish heads of state and/or government in the Land of Israel.
House of Saul
* King Saul (c. 1079–1007 BCE)
* King Ish-bosheth (II Samuel 2:8–9)
House of David
* King David (II Samuel 5:3) c. 1004–970 BCE – who ...
References
External links
Salome I
entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith * Hananya Hizmi
The Toparchy of Salome, Sister of King Herod, and its Towns: Archelais, Phasaelis, and Livias
{{DEFAULTSORT:Salome 01 65 BC births 10s deaths Herodian dynasty 1st-century BC Herodian rulers 1st-century Herodian rulers 1st-century BC women rulers 1st-century women rulers 1st-century BCE Jews 1st-century Jews Ancient Jewish women