Sahih Muslim

Sahih Muslim ( ar, صحيح مسلم, translit=Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim), group=note is a 9th-century ''hadith'' collection and a book of '' sunnah'' compiled by the Persian scholar Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj (815–875). It is one of the most valued books in Sunni Islam after the Quran, alongside '' Sahih al-Bukhari''. Sahih Muslim is also one of the Kutub al-Sittah, the six major Sunni collections of ''hadith'' of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The book is also revered by Zaydi Shias. It consists of approximately 7,500 ''hadith'' narrations across its introduction and 56 books.

Content

Sahih Muslim contains approximately 5,500 - 7,500 ''hadith'' narrations in its introduction and 56 books. Kâtip Çelebi (d. 1657) and Siddiq Hasan Khan (d. 1890) both counted 7,275 narrations. Muhammad Fuad Abdul Baqi wrote that there are 3,033 narrations without considering repetitions.''Hadith and the Quran'', Encyclopedia of the Quran, Brill Mashhur ibn Hasan Al Salman, a student of Al-Albani (d. 1999), built upon this number, counting 7,385 total narrations, which, combined with the ten in the introduction, add up to a total of 7,395. Muslim wrote an introduction to his collection of ''hadith'', wherein he clarified the reasoning behind choosing the ''hadith'' he chose to include in his Sahih.

Development

According to Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Muslim began writing the Sahih for Ahmad ibn Salamah an-Naysaburi. He was also compelled to write the Sahih for what he observed to be the poor character of his contemporary ''hadith'' scholars, and their lack of reluctance to spread ''daʻīf'' (weak) narrations. Muslim collected 300,000 narrations and chose 4,000 to be included in his book.

He divided narrators of ''hadith'' into three tiers based on their memory and character:

* those who possessed authentic memory and were of perfect character, honest and trustworthy.
* those of slightly weaker memory and perfection, trustworthy, knowledgeable and honest.
* those whose honesty was disputed or was a subject of discussion.

Muslim did not include ''hadith'' which were narrated by those who belonged to the last tier. Moreover, Muslim only recorded hadith that were narrated to him by an unbroken ''isnad'' (chain) of narrators through two reliable ''tabi'un'', each of which had to be narrated through two companions of Muhammad.

Reception

Sunni Muslims regard ''Sahih Muslim'' as the second most important book of the ''Kutub al-Sittah. Sahih Muslim'' and '' Sahih al-Bukhari'' are together referred to as the Sahihayn'' (The Two ''Sahihs'')'. In the ''Introduction to the Science of Hadith'', Ibn al-Salah wrote: "The first to author a ''Sahih'' was Bukhari .. followed by Abū al-Ḥusayn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj an-Naysābūrī al-Qushayrī, who was his student, sharing many of the same teachers. These two books are the most authentic books after the Quran. As for the statement of Al-Shafi‘i, who said, "I do not know of a book containing knowledge more correct than Malik's book nowiki/>Muwatta_Imam_Malik.html" ;"title="Muwatta_Imam_Malik.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Muwatta Imam Malik">nowiki/>Muwatta Imam Malik">Muwatta_Imam_Malik.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Muwatta Imam Malik">nowiki/>Muwatta Imam Malik" [...] he said this before the books of Bukhari and Muslim. The book of Bukhari is the more authentic of the two and more useful."

Al-Nawawi wrote about Sahih al-Bukhari, "The scholars, may God have mercy on them, have agreed that the most authentic book after the dear Quran are the two Sahihs of Bukhari and Muslim." Siddiq Hasan Khan (d. 1890) wrote, "All of the Salaf and ''Khalaf'' assert that the most authentic book after the book of Allah is Sahih al-Bukhari and then Sahih Muslim." This sentiment is echoed by both contemporary and past Islamic scholars, including Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 1328), Al-Maziri (d. 1141), and Al-Juwayni (d. 1085). Amin Ahsan Islahi praised the scientific arrangement of the narrations in ''Sahih Muslim''. He also praised Muslim's particularity in highlighting differences in wording between two narrations, even when it came to a single letter that held no semantic significance, or if they differed about any facts relating to a narrator in the ''isnad''.

Despite the book's reputation and the consensus of scholars that it is the second most authentic collection of ''hadith'' after ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', it is agreed upon that this does not mean that every ''hadith'' in ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' is more valid than every ''hadith'' in ''Sahih Muslim'', but that the total of what is contained in ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' is more valid than the total of what is contained in ''Sahih Muslim.''

Derived works

Commentaries

More than 60 commentaries have been written on ''Sahih Muslim'', some of which are ''Siyānah Sahīh Muslim'' by Ibn al-Salah, of which only the beginning segment remains, ''Al-Mu'allim bi Fawā'id Muslim'' by Al-Maziri, ''Al Minhāj Sharḥ Sahīḥ Muslim'' by Al-Nawawi, '' Fath al-Mulhim'' by Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, '' Takmilat Fath al-Mulhim'' by Muhammad Taqi Usmani, and ''Tafsir al-Gharīb mā fi al-Sahīhayn'' by Al-Humaydī. Translations of commentaries of Sahih Muslims are available in numerous languages.

See also

* Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, author of ''Sahih Muslim''
* '' Sahih al-Bukhari'', another Sahih collection of ''hadith'' narrations and the other of the 'Sahihayn'
* Muhammad al-Bukhari, another ''hadith'' scholar, one of Muslim's teachers, and the author of ''Sahih al-Bukhari''
* Kutub al-Sittah, six most highly-regarded collections of ''hadith'' in Sunni Islam, including ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', ''Sahih Muslim'', and:
** '' Sahih at-Tirmidhi'', compiled by Al-Tirmidhi (824–892)
** '' Sunan ibn Majah'', compiled by Ibn Majah (824–887)
** '' Sunan Abu Dawood'', compiled by Abu Dawud al-Sijistani (d. 889)
** ''Al-Sunan al-Sughra'', also known as ''Sunan an-Nasa'i'', compiled by Al-Nasa'i (829–915)

Notes

References

External links

English translation with Arabic text

{{Authority control

Hadith
Hadith studies
Sunni literature
Hadith collections
Sunni hadith collections
9th-century Arabic books