The sac spiders of the family Clubionidae have a very confusing taxonomic history. Once, this family was a large catch-all taxon for a disparate collection of

spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

s, similar only in that they had eight eyes arranged in two rows and conical anterior spinnerets that touched, and were wandering predators that built silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark, or under rocks. These are now recognized to include several families, some of which are more closely related to the three-clawed spiders, like lynx and

wolf spider Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae (). They are robust and agile hunters with excellent eyesight. They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or ...

s, than to Clubionidae and related families.Tree of Life Web Project. 2006. Clubionidae. Version 25 March 2006 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Clubionidae/2675/2006.03.25 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

General

The remnant Clubionidae now consist of a few over 500 species in 15 genera worldwide. However, "sac spider" used on its own should imply a member of the family Clubionidae, but other common names may use the phrase "sac spider" including: *

Anyphaenidae Anyphaenidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called anyphaenid sac spiders. They are distinguished from the sac spiders of the family Clubionidae and other spiders by having the abdominal spiracle placed one third to one half of th ...

(anyphaenid sac spider) *

Corinnidae Corinnidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called corinnid sac spiders. The family, like other "clubionoid" families, has a confusing taxonomic history. Once it was a part of the large catch-all taxon Clubionidae, now very much small ...

(corinnid sac spider) *

Liocranidae Liocranidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1897. They are one of several groups called "sac spiders". The holarctic genus '' Agroeca'' is the best-known, but it also includes various genera of more obscure ...

(liocranid sac spider) *

Miturgidae Miturgidae is a family of araneomorph spiders that includes nearly 170 species in 29 genera worldwide. First described by Eugène Simon in 1886, it has been substantially revised, and includes the previous family Zoridae as a synonym, and exclud ...

(long-legged sac spider) * Tengellidae (merged into

Zoropsidae Zoropsidae, also known as false wolf spiders for their physical similarity to wolf spiders, is a family of cribellate araneomorph spiders first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1882. They can be distinguished from wolf spiders by their two rows of ...

) * Zorocratidae (merged into

) , the

World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...

accepts the following genera: *'' Arabellata'' Baert, Versteirt & Jocqué, 2010 — New Guinea *'' Carteroniella'' Strand, 1907 — South Africa *'' Carteronius'' Simon, 1897 — Madagascar, Mauritius, Sierra Leone *'' Clubiona'' Latreille, 1804 — Africa, North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Europe, Panama *'' Clubionina'' Berland, 1947 — St. Paul Is. *'' Elaver'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 — North America, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Philippines *'' Femorbiona'' Yu & Li, 2021 — China, Vietnam *'' Invexillata'' Versteirt, Baert & Jocqué, 2010 — New Guinea *'' Malamatidia'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia *'' Matidia'' Thorell, 1878 — Asia, Papua New Guinea *'' Nusatidia'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Asia *'' Porrhoclubiona'' Lohmander, 1944 — Asia, Africa, Europe *'' Pristidia'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia *'' Pteroneta'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Asia, Australia *'' Ramosatidia'' Yu & Li, 2021 — China *'' Scopalio'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia *'' Simalio'' Simon, 1897 — Asia, Trinidad *'' Sinostidia'' Yu & Li, 2021 — China *'' Tixcocoba'' Gertsch, 1977 — Mexico In North America, the family as it is now recognised consists of only two genera, ''Clubiona'' and ''Elaver'' (formerly ''Clubionoides''). ''Clubiona'' is nearly worldwide in distribution.

References

External links

Platnick, N.I. 2003. World Spider Catalog 8.0

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20090305003004/http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2060A.html

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sac Spider Clubionidae, *

General

See also

References

External links