SMS Meteor (1865)

SMS ''Meteor'' was a of the North German Federal Navy (later the Imperial German Navy) that was launched in 1865. A small vessel, armed with only three light guns, ''Meteor'' took part in the Battle of Havana in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. There, she battled the French aviso ; both vessels were lightly damaged, though ''Bouvet'' was compelled to disengage after a shot from ''Meteor'' disabled her engine. After the war, ''Meteor'' returned to Germany, where her career was limited; she served briefly as a survey vessel. From 1873 to 1877, she was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea as a station ship in Constantinople during a period of tensions in the Ottoman Empire. After returning to Germany in 1877, she was decommissioned, converted into a coal hulk and expended as a target ship some time later.

Design

The s came about as a result of a program to strengthen the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s in the aftermath of the dissolution of the and in the midst of rising tensions with Denmark. In 1859, Prince Regent Wilhelm approved a construction program for some fifty-two gunboats to be built over the next fifteen years, of which eight became the ''Camäleon'' class. They were similar to the contemporaneous s, but were substantially larger vessels.

''Meteor'' was long, with a beam of and a draft of . She displaced at full load. The ship's crew consisted of 4 officers and 67 enlisted men. She was powered by a single marine steam engine that drove one 3-bladed screw propeller, with steam provided by two coal-fired trunk boilers, which gave her a top speed of at . As built, she was equipped with a three- masted schooner rig. The ship was armed with a battery of one rifled 24-pounder gun and two rifled 12-pounder guns.

Service history

''Meteor'' was laid down at the ''Königliche Werft Danzig'' (Royal Dockyard Danzig) on 27 June 1861. Construction work on the ship was delayed significantly due to a lack of funding, the result of budgetary conflicts between Minister President Otto von Bismarck and the Prussian House of Representatives. The ship was launched on 17 May 1865, though fitting-out work was delayed the following year when the ship was allocated to an expedition to the North Pole. The ship was finally commissioned into service with the North German Federal Navy on 6 September 1869. The '' Admiralstab'' (Admiralty Staff) ordered the gunboat to the Caribbean, along with the corvette . The sailors were concerned with ''Meteor''s seaworthiness for an Atlantic crossing, and so planned to transfer the 15 cm gun to ''Arcona'' for the voyage. ''Arcona'' was instead reassigned to represent Germany at the opening of the Suez Canal, and so ''Meteor'' was forced to make the journey on her own. She departed Kiel on 4 October, under the command of then-''Kapitänleutnant'' (Captain Lieutenant) Eduard von Knorr. En route, she had to put into Falmouth from 12 October to 6 November to repair damage sustained during a storm in the North Sea.

''Meteor'' arrived in Bridgetown, Barbados, on 19 December 1869, and met the training ship . The gunboat was unable to stay in Barbados, as unrest in Venezuela threatened German nationals in the country, and she was ordered there to protect them. She remained in the area until mid-March 1870; at the beginning of the month, she anchored off La Guaira with ''Niobe'' in an attempt to enforce German financial claims in the city. During the period she operated off Venezuela, ''Meteor'' left once for periodic repairs at Willemstad, Curacao. On 16 March, she departed Venezuelan waters, bound for Port-au-Prince, Haiti, where she was to meet ''Arcona''. On the way, ''Meteor'' struck a coral reef off Gonâve Island, though she was able to get off on her own power. After arriving in Port-au-Prince, Knorr learned that ''Arcona'' had gone to La Guaira, and he was to take his vessel there as well. On 19 July, France declared war on Prussia, initiating the Franco-Prussian War.

Battle of Havana

On 7 November 1870, ''Meteor'' arrived in Havana, Cuba, where the French aviso ''Bouvet'' was docked. The French ship was more heavily armed than the Prussian vessel, with one gun and four 12 cm guns compared to a single 15 cm gun and two 12 cm guns aboard ''Meteor''. The French captain issued a challenge to Knorr, who accepted. ''Bouvet'' departed the harbor on 8 November, followed by ''Meteor'' the following day; international law mandated that belligerent ships wait twenty-four hours after an enemy vessel left port. The Battle of Havana lasted for two hours, ''Meteor'' opening fire first with her 15 cm gun.

''Meteor'' fired eight salvos at about , all without effect, before ''Bouvet'' returned fire, once the range had fallen to . Neither ship scored hits as they circled each other. The engagement ended after ''Bouvet'' rammed ''Meteor'' in an attempt to either sink her or permit a boarding party to capture her. The collision knocked ''Meteor''s main mast and mizzen-mast over, and the ship's rigging got caught in the propeller, disabling it. While the two ships were close, their crews fired on each other with small arms. ''Bouvet'' attempted to ram a second time, but ''Meteor''s gunners scored a hit on the French ship's boiler and disabled her engine. By this time, ''Meteor''s crew had freed the propeller, and Knorr attempted to capture ''Bouvet'', but the French sailors were able to get their ship under sail and escape to neutral Cuban waters. The Spanish frigate , which had been observing the battle, intervened and fired a warning shot to prevent ''Meteor'' from continuing the battle. After she escaped, ''Bouvet'' sailed to Havana.

Casualty figures vary, ranging from two dead and one injury aboard ''Meteor'' and three wounded aboard ''Bouvet'' to only two Prussian sailors killed with ten killed and wounded on ''Bouvet''. ''Meteor'' joined ''Bouvet'' in Havana, where the wounded men were taken to a hospital. The two dead aboard ''Meteor'' were buried in Havana, and a monument was later erected there. On 1 January 1871, Knorr was promoted to the rank of ''Korvettenkapitän'' (Corvette Captain), and two men were awarded the Iron Cross.

Later career

Under pressure from France, the Spanish shipyard in Havana delayed completing the repairs to ''Meteor'' until the war ended on 10 May 1871. Three days later, the ship departed for Germany; she sailed up the eastern coast of the United States and Canada before crossing the Atlantic. She reached Plymouth on 13 June and arrived in Kiel on the 25th. There, she was decommissioned on 20 July. From 18 September to 14 October, she was used as a stationary training ship for engine room personnel. On 6 May 1872, ''Meteor'' was recommissioned for survey work and was assigned to the Hydrographics Office of the Imperial Admiralty ''Meteor'' and her sister ship surveyed the German coast, ending in Mecklenburg on 20 October. On 14 November, ''Meteor'' and the gunboat were forced to take shelter in Friedrichsort due to a heavy storm. She was able to get back underway two days later after the storm had passed. ''Meteor'', ''Drache'', and the transport ship ''Rhein'' searched the eastern Baltic for any merchant ships that might have been damaged in the storm. On 7 December, ''Meteor'' was again decommissioned, this time in Wilhelmshaven.

In 1873, the ship was recommissioned for another stint with the Hydrographics Office, which lasted from 16 April to mid-September. On 22 September, ''Meteor'' left Germany for a deployment to the Mediterranean Sea. After reaching the Mediterranean coast of Spain, she replaced the gunboat in the Cruiser Squadron under the flagship . Following the outbreak of unrest in the Ottoman Empire in March 1874, ''Meteor'' was sent to Constantinople to serve as the station ship. As tensions rose in the Balkans—which produced several uprisings against Ottoman rule, culminating in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877—''Meteor'' was reinforced with the gunboats and and the aviso . The Admiralty also sent the Armored Squadron, led by the flagship , to the eastern Mediterranean. ''Meteor'' remained in Smyrna until February 1877, at which point she returned to Constantinople. From there, she was recalled to Germany on 3 June; she arrived in Kiel on 4 August and continued to Danzig, where she was decommissioned on the 16th. She was stricken from the naval register on 27 November 1877, her engines were removed, and she was used as a hulk for coal storage at Kiel. Some components from her machinery were reused in the gunboat then being built in Danzig. ''Meteor'' was eventually expended as a target.

Notes

References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Meteor
1865 ships
Camäleon-class gunboats
Ships built in Danzig