Sürmene (

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

: Σούρμενα, ''Sourmena''; ota, ﺳﻮرﻣﻨﻪ, romanized as ''Sürmena e') is a small town and district of

Trabzon Province Trabzon Province ( tr, ) is a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast. Located in a strategically important region, Trabzon is one of the oldest trade port cities in Anatolia. Neighbouring provinces are Giresun to the west, Gümüşhane to th ...

in the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

region of Turkey. In ancient times the town of Hyssus or Hyssos ( grc, Υσσός) was nearby. The mayor is Rahmi Üstün ( AKP). Sürmene (Hamurgan) is situated some east of

Trabzon Trabzon (; Ancient Greek: Tραπεζοῦς (''Trapezous''), Ophitic Pontic Greek: Τραπεζούντα (''Trapezounta''); Georgian: ტრაპიზონი (''Trapizoni'')), historically known as Trebizond in English, is a city on the B ...

. Known in antiquity also as Susarmia or Augustopolis, it lies on the River Kora ( Manahoz Deresi) and is best known as the place where

Xenophon Xenophon of Athens (; grc, Ξενοφῶν ; – probably 355 or 354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian, born in Athens. At the age of 30, Xenophon was elected commander of one of the biggest Greek mercenary armies o ...

and his

Ten Thousand The Ten Thousand ( grc, οἱ Μύριοι, ''oi Myrioi'') were a force of mercenary units, mainly Greeks, employed by Cyrus the Younger to attempt to wrest the throne of the Persian Empire from his brother, Artaxerxes II. Their march to the Bat ...

fell sick after eating wild honey, an event which was confirmed by the local people. In the village of Kastil, to the west of Sürmene, stands a ruined medieval castle as well as the impressively restored 18th-century Yakupoğlu Memiş Ağa Konağı mansion. This was formerly the seat of the Yakupoğlu family, who lived here as rulers (

derebey A derebey ( tr, valley lord) was a feudal lord in Anatolia and the Pontic areas of Lazistan and Adjara in the 18th century, with considerable independence from the central government of the Ottoman Empire. Derebeys were required to provide militar ...

s, hence its alternative name of Derebeyli Kale, the Castle of the Derebeys) of the surrounding region relatively free of interference from the Ottoman government in faraway

Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya ( Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ( ...

Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...

Economy

Historically, Sürmene produced small amounts of

manganese Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy use ...

. The area also had mineral springs, and shipped

bottled water Bottled water is drinking water (e.g., well water, distilled water, mineral water, or spring water) packaged in plastic or glass water bottles. Bottled water may be carbonated or not. Sizes range from small single serving bottles to lar ...

Flora and fauna

According to WWF the largest amount of endemic flora is to be found in the Ağaçbaşı ''yayla'' (summer upland pasture) in Surmen

* Zehirli biberiye (''

Andromeda polifolia ''Andromeda polifolia'', common name bog-rosemary, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae, native to northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only member of the genus ''Andromeda'', and is only found in bogs ...

''), * Böcek yiyen bitkilerden ''

Drosera ''Drosera'', which is commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. 2 volumes. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginou ...

'', * Pamukotu ('' Eriophorum angustifolium'' ve '' E. latifolium''), * Kurtayağı (''

Lycopodiella inundata ''Lycopodiella inundata'' is a species of club moss known by the common names inundated club moss, marsh clubmoss and northern bog club moss. It has a circumpolar and circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern Northern Hemisph ...

''), * Kara ot ('' Rhynchospora alba'')

Gallery

File:Memish Agha Mansion in Surmene.JPG, Memiş Ağa Mansion in Sürmene File:Surmene Ticaret Odasiii.jpg, alt=The Chamber of Commerce of Sürmene -It was the first chamber of commerce in Turkey, The Sürmeme Chamber of Commerce was the first chamber of commerce in Turkey File:Surmene rushdiye diplomasi.jpg, Sürmene Mekteb-i Rushdiye

Sekban The Sekban were mercenaries of peasant background in the Ottoman Empire. The term ''sekban'' initially referred to irregular military units, particularly those without guns, but ultimately it came to refer to any army outside the regular military ...

lardan Ahmed Agha Shahadetnamesi ( Diploma) File:300 yıllık mezar taşı çavuşlu.jpg, alt=Cavuszade Muhammed Agha's historical graveyard stone, Çavuşzade Muhammed Ağa's gravestone File:Ten Thousand March to Madur 2007.jpg, alt=Sürmene Festivali on the top of Madur mountain., Sürmene Festival on the top of Madur mountain. File:Fatih Akin.jpg, alt=Fatih Akın Turkish film director from Çamburnu,

Fatih Akın Fatih Akin (Turkish: Fatih Akın, born 25 August 1973) is a German film director, screenwriter and producer of Turkish descent. He has won numerous awards for his films, including the Golden Bear (award), Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival ...

Turkish film director from Çamburnu, a village of Sürmene File:Persian Empire, 490 BC.png, alt=Ten Thousand's route to Sürmene, The route that brought Xenophon's

to Sürmene

References

External links

District governor's official websiteDistrict municipality's official websiteSurmenem.com - A local website about Sürmene
{{DEFAULTSORT:Surmene Populated places in Trabzon Province Populated coastal places in Turkey

Economy

Flora and fauna

Gallery

See also

References

External links