Rzeszów ( , ; la, Resovia; yi, ריישא ''Raisha'')) is the largest city in southeastern

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the

Subcarpathian Voivodeship Subcarpathian Voivodeship or Subcarpathia Province (in pl, Województwo podkarpackie ) is a voivodeship, or province, in the southeastern corner of Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów. Along with the Marshall, it i ...

(province) since 1 January 1999, and is also the

seat A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but also headquarters in a wider sense. Types of seat The following are examples of different kinds of seat: * Armchair, a chair ...

Rzeszów County __NOTOC__ Rzeszów County ( pl, powiat rzeszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local gove ...

. The history of Rzeszów dates back to the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

. It received city rights and privileges from King

Casimir III the Great Casimir III the Great ( pl, Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, and fought to retain the title in the Galicia-Volhynia Wars. He ...

in 1354. Local trade routes connecting Europe with the Middle East and the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

resulted in the city's early prosperity and development. In the 16th century, Rzeszów had a connection with

Gdańsk Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benen ...

and the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...

. It also experienced growth in commerce and craftsmanship, especially under local rulers and noblemen. Following the

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...

, Rzeszów was annexed by the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central- Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...

and did not regain its position until it returned to Poland after

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

. Rzeszów has found its place in the group of the most elite cities in Poland, with growing number of investments, rapid progress and a very high

standard of living Standard of living is the level of income, comforts and services available, generally applied to a society or location, rather than to an individual. Standard of living is relevant because it is considered to contribute to an individual's quality ...

. In 2011

Forbes ''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine owned by Integrated Whale Media Investments and the Forbes family. Published eight times a year, it features articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. ''Forbes'' also r ...

awarded Rzeszów with the second place in the ranking of the most attractive semi-large cities for business. Moreover, the city is home to a number of higher education schools and foreign consulates. Rzeszów is also developing as a regional

tourist destination A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement. Types Places of natural ...

; its Old Town, Main Market Square, churches and synagogues are among the best preserved in the country. In recent years, the population of Rzeszów has grown from 159,000 (2005) to over 196,000 (2019). Further plans for extending the city's borders include incorporating surrounding counties to strengthen its function as a metropolitan center in southeastern Poland. Rzeszów is served by an

international airport An international airport is an airport with customs and border control facilities enabling passengers to travel between countries around the world. International airports are usually larger than domestic airports and they must feature longer r ...

and is a member of Eurocities.

History

In the area of Rzeszów, the first

early European modern humans Early European modern humans (EEMH), or Cro-Magnons, were the first early modern humans (''Homo sapiens'') to settle in Europe, migrating from Western Asia, continuously occupying the continent possibly from as early as 56,800 years ago. They i ...

appeared in the late Paleolithic Age; archaeologists have excavated a tool made in that period at site Rzeszów 25. In the mid-6th century BC, the first farmers came to the area of the city, most likely through the

Moravian Gate The Moravian Gate ( cs, Moravská brána, pl, Brama Morawska, german: Mährische Pforte, sk, Moravská brána) is a geomorphological feature in the Moravian region of the Czech Republic and the Upper Silesia region in Poland. It is formed by the ...

. Later on, Rzeszów was a settlement of the Lusatian culture, which was followed by the

Przeworsk culture The Przeworsk culture () was an Iron Age material culture in the region of what is now Poland, that dates from the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD. It takes its name from the town Przeworsk, near the village where the first artifacts w ...

In the 5th century, the first

Slavs Slavs are the largest European ethnolinguistic group. They speak the various Slavic languages, belonging to the larger Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout northern Eurasia, main ...

appeared in the area, which is confirmed by numerous archaeological findings. Most probably, Rzeszów was then inhabited by the Vistulans. In the 10th century, it became part of the emerging Duchy of Poland. Sometime between 11th and 13th century the town was conquered and subsequently annexed by the East Slavic

Ruthenians Ruthenian and Ruthene are exonyms of Latin origin, formerly used in Eastern and Central Europe as common ethnonyms for East Slavs, particularly during the late medieval and early modern periods. The Latin term Rutheni was used in medieval sou ...

from the weakened and fragmented Polish state (see

Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth The last will and testament of the Piast duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland, established rules for governance of the Polish kingdom by his four surviving sons after his death. By issuing it, Bolesław planned to guarantee that his heirs would n ...

). Polish rulers of the

Piast dynasty The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great. Branch ...

recaptured Rzeszów in 1264. In

Tarnów Tarnów () is a city in southeastern Poland with 105,922 inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Tarn� ...

, there was a meeting of Prince Bolesław V the Chaste, and Prince

Daniel Daniel is a masculine given name and a surname of Hebrew origin. It means "God is my judge"Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 68. (cf. Gabriel—"God is my strength"), ...

Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia , conventional_long_name = Principality of Galicia–VolhyniaKingdom of Galicia–Volhynia , common_name = Galicia–Volhynia , status = Vassal state of the Golden Horde (from 1246) , era = Middle Ages , year_start = 1199 , year_end = 1349 , ...

, during which both sides agreed that the border would go between Rzeszów and

Czudec Czudec is a town in Strzyżów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czudec. It lies in Lesser Poland, approximately north-east of Strzyżów and south-we ...

(Rzeszów belonged to

, while Czudec and Strzyżów to

Lesser Poland Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a ...

). After the reunification of Poland following the fragmentation period, Rzeszów remained in Ruthenian hands until 1340, when King

eventually recaptured the area, inviting his knights to govern the re-acquired land. According to some sources, at that time Rzeszów was inhabited by the

Walddeutsche Walddeutsche (lit. "Forest Germans" or ''Taubdeutsche'' – "Deaf Germans"; pl, Głuchoniemcy – "deaf Germans") was the name for a group of German-speaking people, originally used in the 16th century for two language islands around Łańcut an ...

, and was called Rishof (during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, the Germans renamed it ''Reichshof''). The town was granted

Magdeburg rights Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...

, it had a parish church, a market place and a cemetery, and its total area was some 1,5 km². Magdeburg rights granted Rzeszów's local authorities the permission to punish criminals, build fortifications and tax merchants. In 1458 Rzeszów was burned by the

Vlachs "Vlach" ( or ), also "Wallachian" (and many other variants), is a historical term and exonym used from the Middle Ages until the Modern Era to designate mainly Romanians but also Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians and other Easte ...

and the

Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different Turki ...

. In 1502 the Tatars destroyed it again. Earlier, in 1427, Rzeszów had burned to the ground in a big fire, but the town recovered after these events, thanks to its favorable location on the main West – East (

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

–

Lwów Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, western Ukraine, and the List of cities in Ukraine, seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is o ...

) and North – South (

Lublin Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 336,339 (December 2021). Lublin is the largest Polish city east of ...

–

Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the ...

) trade routes. In the 15th century the first Jews settled in Rzeszów. The 16th century was the time of prosperity for the town, especially when Rzeszów belonged to Mikołaj Spytek Ligęza (since the 1580s), who invested in infrastructure, building a castle, a Bernardine church and a monastery. Rzeszów then had some 2,500 inhabitants, with a rapidly growing Jewish community. The town was granted several royal rights, including the privilege to organise several markets a year. At that time, Rzeszów finally grew beyond its medieval borders, marked by fortifications. WiedemannRzeszow

In 1638 Rzeszów passed into the hands of the powerful and wealthy

Lubomirski family The House of Lubomirski is a Polish princely family. The Lubomirski family's coat of arms is the Drużyna coat of arms, which is similar to the Szreniawa coat of arms but without a cross. Origin and the coat of arms The Lubomirski f ...

, becoming the center of its vast properties. At first, the town prospered and in 1658, the first college was opened there, which now operates as High School Nr 1. The period of prosperity ended, and furthermore, there were several fires and wars, which destroyed the town. Rzeszów was first captured by the Swedes during The Deluge, then by the troops of George II Rákóczi leading to the Treaty of Radnot. During the

Great Northern War The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swe ...

, the Swedes again captured Rzeszów, in 1702, then several different armies occupied the town, ransacking it and destroying houses. In the mid-eighteenth century, the town's population was composed of Poles (Roman Catholics) and Yiddish Jews in almost equal numbers (50.1% and 49.8%, respectively).

Rzeszów under Austrian rule

In 1772, following the First Partition of Poland, Rzeszów became part of the

, to which it belonged for 146 years. In the late 18th century, Rzeszów had 3,000 inhabitants. By the mid-19th century, the population grew to around 7,500, with 40% of them Jewish. In 1858, the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis reached Rzeszów, which resulted in further development of the town. In 1888 the first telephone lines were opened, in 1900 – gas street lamps, and in 1911 – a power plant and water system. The population grew to 23,000, with half of the inhabitants being Jews. A number of modern building were constructed, most of them in

Secession Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics l ...

style. During

, several battles took place in the area of the town. Rzeszów was home to a large garrison of the

Austro-Hungarian Army The Austro-Hungarian Army (, literally "Ground Forces of the Austro-Hungarians"; , literally "Imperial and Royal Army") was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. It was composed of three parts: the joint arm ...

, and in the city of

Przemyśl Przemyśl (; yi, פשעמישל, Pshemishl; uk, Перемишль, Peremyshl; german: Premissel) is a city in southeastern Poland with 58,721 inhabitants, as of December 2021. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship; it was p ...

, located nearby, there was a major fortress. During the

Battle of Galicia The Battle of Galicia, also known as the Battle of Lemberg, was a major battle between Russia and Austria-Hungary during the early stages of World War I in 1914. In the course of the battle, the Austro-Hungarian armies were severely defeated an ...

in the late summer of 1914, Russian troops moved towards Rzeszów, and on 21 September, they captured it. The first Russian occupation lasted only 16 days, ending after an attack of the Austrians, on 4 October. Under Russian pressure, the Austrians were unable to keep the town, and on 7 November, the Russians again appeared in Rzeszów. In late fall of 1914, the frontline was established between Tarnów and Gorlice, and Rzeszów became an important center of the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

, with large magazines of food and ammunition located there. The Russian occupation lasted until May 1915. Rzeszów Ogród Miejski im

After the Russians were pushed out of Galicia, Rzeszów remained outside of the area of military activities. Austrian administration returned, but wartime reality and destruction of the town had a negative effect on the population, and the quality of life deteriorated.

Interwar period

On 12 October 1918, Rzeszów's mayor, together with the town council, sent a message to

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

, announcing loyalty to the independent

Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of the First World ...

. On November 1, after clashes with German and Austrian troops, Rzeszów was liberated, and the next day, mayor Roman Krogulski took a pledge of allegiance to the reborn Polish state. During World War I some 200 residents of Rzeszów died, rail infrastructure was destroyed, as well as approximately 60 houses. In 1920, Rzeszów became capital of a county in the

Lwów Voivodeship Lwów Voivodeship ( pl, Województwo lwowskie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939). Because of the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland in accordance with the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, it became occupied by both the Weh ...

. The town grew, and the creation of the Central Industrial Region had an enormous impact on Rzeszów. It became a major center of the defense industry, with PZL Rzeszów opening there in 1937. It was also was home to a large garrison of the Polish Army, with the 10th Motorized Cavalry Brigade stationed there. In 1939, Rzeszów had 40,000 inhabitants, but its dynamic growth was stopped by the

Invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week af ...

and outbreak of

Second World War

On 6-8 September 1939, Rzeszów was bombed by the

Luftwaffe The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German '' Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the '' Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabt ...

. The town was defended by the 10th Cavalry Brigade and 24th Uhlan Regiment from Kraśnik. The German attack began on 8 September in the afternoon, and the

Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the '' Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previo ...

entered Rzeszów the next morning. The '' Einsatzgruppe I'' entered the city to commit crimes against the population, and its members co-formed the local German police. Under German occupation, Rzeszów, renamed into ''Reichshof'', became part of the

General Government The General Government (german: Generalgouvernement, pl, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, uk, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (german: Generalgouvernement für die be ...

. The occupiers established a Nazi prison, in which they imprisoned over 1,100 Poles, especially the

intelligentsia The intelligentsia is a status class composed of the university-educated people of a society who engage in the complex mental labours by which they critique, shape, and lead in the politics, policies, and culture of their society; as such, the i ...

, arrested in the region between October 1939 and June 1940, during the ''

Intelligenzaktion The ''Intelligenzaktion'' (), or the Intelligentsia mass shootings, was a series of mass murders which was committed against the Polish intelligentsia (teachers, priests, physicians, and other prominent members of Polish society) early in the ...

''.Wardzyńska, p. 257 Some people were eventually released, some were deported to prisons in

and

, while many were executed at the prison yard. On 2 November 1939, the Germans carried out mass arrests of local priests and Bernardine friars, and afterwards, they also carried out executions of Polish intelligentsia at the local Bernardine monastery. Persecution of Polish intelligentsia was continued with the '' AB-Aktion'', and on 27 June 1940, 104 Poles from the local prison were exterminated in the forest of

Lubzina Lubzina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ropczyce, within Ropczyce-Sędziszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Ropczyce and west of the regional capital Rzesz ...

. In 1941, the Germans established a

ghetto A ghetto, often called ''the'' ghetto, is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, especially as a result of political, social, legal, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished ...

, whose Jewish inhabitants were later murdered in

Bełżec extermination camp Belzec (English: or , Polish: ) was a Nazi German extermination camp built by the SS for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, the plan to murder all Polish Jews, a major part of the " Final Solution" which in tota ...

(for more information see ''The Holocaust'' below). During the war, Rzeszów was a main center of the

Polish Underground State The Polish Underground State ( pl, Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State) was a single political and military entity formed by the union of resistance organizations in occupied Poland that were loyal to the Gover ...

, with the Rzeszów Inspectorate of the

Home Army The Home Army ( pl, Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK; ) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) es ...

covering several counties. On 25 May, during Action Kosba, Home Army soldiers killed the

Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one orga ...

henchmen Friederich Pottenbaum and Hans Flaschke on a Rzeszów street. In the summer of 1944, during

Operation Tempest file:Akcja_burza_1944.png, 210px, right Operation Tempest ( pl, akcja „Burza”, sometimes referred to in English as "Operation Storm") was a series of uprisings conducted during World War II against occupying German forces by the Polish Home ...

, units of the Home Army attacked German positions in the town, and on 2 August, Rzeszów was in the hands of the Home Army. Polish authorities loyal to the

Polish government-in-exile The Polish government-in-exile, officially known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile ( pl, Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Pola ...

tried to negotiate with the Soviets, but without success. The

NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. ...

immediately opened a prison in the cellars of the Rzeszów Castle, sending there a number of Home Army soldiers. On the night of 7/9 October 1944, a Home Army unit under Łukasz Ciepliński attacked the castle, trying to release 400 inmates kept there. The attack failed, and Ciepliński was captured and subsequently executed in 1951.

The Holocaust

Until the outbreak of World War II the Jews of Rzeszów numbered 14,000, more than one-third of the total population. The town was occupied by the German Army on 10 September 1939 and was renamed as "Reichshof". German persecution of the Jews began almost immediately. By the end of 1939, there were 10

forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence including death, or other forms of ex ...

camps in the Rzeszów region and many Jews became

slave labour Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to per ...

ers. Jews were forced to live in the

-controlled

. Many Jews managed to flee to Soviet-occupied eastern Poland. By June 1940, the number of Jews in Rzeszów had decreased to 11,800, of whom 7,800 were pre-war residents of the city; the rest were from surrounding villages. Life in the ghetto was impossible and hundreds died. During the war, some 20,000 Jews were murdered in the ghetto in Rzeszów. This number includes thousands who were sent to Rzeszów only to be deported or murdered soon after arrival. In the summer of 1942, hundreds were murdered in forests near Rzeszow. Hundreds more were sent to Belzec to be immediately gassed. Later in 1942, another round up sent nearly 1,500 children to their deaths and their parents to labor camps. In final " Aktions" in the fall of 1943, most Jewish slave labour was transported in

Holocaust trains Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the '' Deutsche Reichsbahn'' national railway system under the control of Nazi Germany and its allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocau ...

to the newly reopened

Szebnie concentration camp , image = ObozSzebnie43.svg , image size = 270px , type = Forced-labor camp , caption = ''Top:'' plan of the camp, September 1943 Location of KL Szebnie in World War II,east of Plaszow concentration camp , map relief ...

. A month later, on 5 November 1943, some 2,800 Jews were sent from there, to meet their demise in

Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 Nazi concentration camps, concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, occupied Poland (in a portion annexed int ...

. Most of those who had been sent to labor camps were eventually murdered there or in a killing camp. Of Rzeszów's 14,000 Jews, only 100 survived the war, whether in Rzeszów itself, hiding all over Poland, or in various camps. The secret Polish Council to Aid Jews, "Żegota", established by the Polish resistance movement, operated in the region. There are also known cases of local Poles who were captured and either executed or sent to concentration camps for rescuing and aiding Jews. Poles who saved Jews in other places in the region were also temporarily imprisoned in the local castle or sentenced to death by the local German court. After the war, an additional 600 Rzeszów Jews returned from the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

. Almost all of them subsequently left Rzeszów and Poland.

People's Republic and present times

After rumors of the murder of a Christian girl in the city surfaced, on June 1, 1945, the Polish police arrested all of Rzeszów's remaining Jews and led them through the city amidst an angry crowd, while at the same time looting the homes of the arrested Jews. As a result, more than 200 Jews fled Rzeszów, so that a restoration of Jewish life in the city after 1945 failed to materialize. On 7 July 1945, Rzeszów became capital of the newly created

Rzeszów Voivodeship Rzeszów Voivodeship () can refer to one of two political entities in Poland: Rzeszów Voivodeship (1) was a unit of administrative division and local government from 1975 to 1998, superseded by Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Major cities and towns i ...

, which consisted of western counties of prewar Lwów Voivodeship, and several counties of prewar Kraków Voivodeship. This decision had a major impact on the city, as it quickly grew. New offices of the regional government were built, and in 1951, several neighbouring villages were included within the city limits of Rzeszów, and the area of the city grew to 39 km². Before the

Polish People's Republic The Polish People's Republic ( pl, Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989 as the predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million ne ...

deported

ethnic Ukrainians Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Ort ...

to the western " Recovered Territories" in Operation Vistula, the city was a major base of support for the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists during the Polish anti-communist resistance. In 1971 and 1977, further villages were included within the city limits. In early 1981, Rzeszów was a main center of peasant's protests, who occupied local offices for fifty days, which resulted in the signing of the Rzeszów – Ustrzyki Agreement, and the creation of Rural Solidarity. On 1 January 1999, the city became the capital of Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Its population grew to 170,000, and area to 91,43 km². In 2004, Rzeszów hosted the

Central European Olympiad in Informatics The Central European Olympiad in Informatics (CEOI) is an annual informatics competition for secondary school students. Each of the participating central European countries (plus one or two guest countries, and a local team from the host area) sends ...

(CEOI). In 2017–2021, Rzeszów's city limits were greatly expanded by including the villages of Bzianka, Miłocin and Pogwizdów Nowy. The area of Rzeszów increased to over 120 square kilometres and more than 188,000 inhabitants. In 2022 following the February

Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...

, Rzeszów became a "main artery" and hub for resupply of military material being transshipped to

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

from a number of countries of the Western alliance, including Sweden, Turkey, Germany, the U.S., and the Czech Republic. In June of 2022, Rzeszów formed a partnership agreement with Chernihiv, Ukraine to become sister cities.

Papal visit

In 1991

Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...

visited Rzeszów. During the celebrations in which nearly 1,000,000 people participated, the pope beatified Bishop

Józef Sebastian Pelczar Józef Sebastian Pelczar (17 January 1842 – 28 March 1924) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop and was also the co-founder of the Sister Servants of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus which he had established in 1894 with Ludwika Szczęsna. He ...

, former bishop of

. On 25 March 1992 Pope John Paul II established the new Diocese of Rzeszów. The city of Rzeszów became the administrative center of the new Diocese and the Church of the Sacred Heart became the new city cathedral. Podgórze Rzeszowskie1

Geography

Climate

Rzeszów lies in the north temperate zone and has a

continental climate Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm summers and cold winters). They tend to occur in the middle latitudes (40 to 55 north), within large landmasses where prevailing winds blow overland bringing so ...

with four distinct seasons. It is characterised by a significant variation between hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Average temperatures in summer range from and in winter from . The average annual temperature is . In summer temperatures often exceed , and sometimes even . In winter the temperature drops to at night and about at day. During very cold nights the temperature drops to . With Rzeszów being near the

Carpathian Mountains The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretche ...

, there is sometimes a halnyA note attempting to provide the English comprehension of ''halny'', which lacks a one-word translation: ''Halny'' is a singular masculine noun in Polish (plural: ''halne'') when denoting the wind. Wind is of masculine gender in Polish: ''wiatr''. The terms ''halny'' and ''wiatr halny'' are synonymous. ''Halny'' is also a general masculine adjective derived from the feminine noun ''hala'', a grassy meadow typical of the higher elevations of the Carpathian Mountains and the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...

. The feminine singular adjective is ''halna'', while the neuter singular and the plural for all three genders of the adjective is ''halne''. – a föhn wind, when the temperature can rise rapidly.

Main sights

Rzeszów, zamek, 1600, 1903-1906 danz 009

* Rzeszów Castle * The Main Square * Rzeszów Town Hall, built in 1591 * Small (17th century) and Big (18th century, restored 1954–63) Synagogue *

Łańcut Castle Łańcut Castle is a complex of historical buildings located in Łańcut, Poland. Historically the residence of the Pilecki, Lubomirski and Potocki families, the complex includes a number of buildings and is surrounded by a park. The castle is ...

* ''Podziemia'',

Tunnel A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube cons ...

Demographics

According to GUS data, as of 30 June 2020, Rzeszów had 196 821 inhabitants. In contrast to other cities close to the size of Rzeszów in

, the population is growing. Rzeszów is the 17th largest Polish city in terms of population and the 20th largest city in terms of area.

Culture

Wojewódzka i Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna w Rzeszowie

Theatres

* Wanda Siemaszkowa Theatre (est. 1944) * Maska Theatre * Rzeszów Dance Theatre

Museums

* Ethnographic Museum * Museum of the City of Rzeszów * Diocesan Museum * Rzeszów Castle

Art galleries

* "Szajna" gallery * "Pod Ratuszem" gallery * "z Podwórza" gallery * OPe Photo Gallery

Libraries

* Provincial and City Public Library in Rzeszów * Rzeszów University Library * Rzeszów University of Technology Library

Other

* Podpromie Hall * Artur Malawski Philharmonic Hall

Sports

* Resovia Rzeszów **men's

volleyball Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Sum ...

team playing in Polish Volleyball League, 6 times Polish Champions, 3 times Polish Cup winners **one of the oldest men's football teams in Poland (1905 or 1904) **basketball team, Polish Champions 1974/75 * Stal Rzeszów **

motorcycle speedway Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to simply as speedway, is a motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise laps of an oval circuit. The motorcycles are specialist machines that use only ...

team ** men's football team *Rzeszów Rockets – American football team

Economy and infrastructure

Industry

* Asseco Poland SA (earlier Comp Rzeszów S.A.) – the largest computer software company in Poland *Eastern IT Cluster grouping several IT companies is headquartered in Rzeszów *FIBRAIN – manufacturer in the field of ICT systems * G2A.COM Limited - a global digital marketplace which specializes in gaming products *

Goodrich Corporation The Goodrich Corporation, formerly the B.F. Goodrich Company, was an American manufacturing company based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Founded in Akron, Ohio in 1870 as Goodrich, Tew & Co. by Benjamin Goodrich, the company name was cha ...

opened a manufacturing facility near Rzeszów in November 2010 *

Novartis Novartis AG is a Swiss-American multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research).name="novartis.com">https://www.novartis.com/research-development/research-lo ...

International AG (NYSE:NVS) Rzeszów –

Gerber Products Company Gerber Products Company is an American purveyor of baby food and baby products headquartered in Florham Park, New Jersey, with plans to relocate to Arlington, Virginia. Gerber is a subsidiary of Nestlé. Other Gerber products currently produced ...

food production The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population. The food industry today has become highly diversified, with manufacturing ranging from small, traditional, ...

facilities * Sanofi-Aventis (NYSE:SNY) *

United Technologies Corporation United Technologies Corporation (UTC) was an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Farmington, Connecticut. It researched, developed, and manufactured products in numerous areas, including aircraft engines, aerospace systems ...

(NYSE:UTX)

Pratt & Whitney Pratt & Whitney is an American aerospace manufacturer with global service operations. It is a subsidiary of Raytheon Technologies. Pratt & Whitney's aircraft engines are widely used in both civil aviation (especially airlines) and military av ...

division (acquired WSK-PZL Rzeszów) –

Aerospace engineering Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft. It has two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Avionics engineering is s ...

including one of the world's two F-16 engine manufacturers * Valeant Pharmaceuticals International (NYSE:VRX) Rzeszów (formerly ICN Polfa Rzeszów) * – household equipment At Widełka substation, situated approximately north-northeast of Rzeszów, the

Rzeszów–Khmelnytskyi powerline The Rzeszów–Khmelnytskyi powerline is an electrical power transmission line between Ukraine and Poland. It is the only 750 kV-powerline in Poland and one of the few of it in the European Union of this type. History The decision to bui ...

, the only 750 kV powerline in Poland, ends.

Media

Radio

* Radio Rzeszów * Radio Eska Rzeszów * Akademickie Radio Centrum * Katolickie Radio Via * Radio RES

Press

* Gazeta Codzienna NOWINY * Super Nowości * Nasz Dom * Gazeta Wyborcza Rzeszów

Television

* Polish Television (TVP) branch in Rzeszów * Rzeszów municipal television

Internet

* Rzeszow-Info.pl

Transport

Transit

Rzeszów is located on the main Tabliczka E40

West-East European E40 Highway, which goes from

Calais Calais ( , , traditionally , ) is a port city in the Pas-de-Calais department, of which it is a subprefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's prefecture is its third-largest city of Arras. Th ...

in France via

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to ...

, across Germany,

and onto Russia and

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...

. Within

the E40 follows the Tabliczka A4

A4 Highway, passing through

Wrocław Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, r ...

Katowice Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popu ...

and

Korczowa Korczowa ( uk, Корчова, ''Korchova'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radymno, within Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. The village lies approx ...

. The

S19 Expressway connects Rzeszów with Belarus and Slovakia as part of planned

Via Carpathia Via Carpathia (also Via Carpatia) is a planned transnational highway network connecting Klaipėda in Lithuania with Thessaloniki in Greece. It is currently planned to open in 2025. The Polish part of Via Carpatia has been named in 2021 after la ...

route from the Baltic to the Black Sea. In recent years, communication has been improved by a modernization of the roads within the city. SCATS traffic system has been implemented. The A4 highway and S19 expressway act as bypass of the city, running through the northern and eastern districts of Rzeszów.

Airport

Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport (Port Lotniczy Rzeszów-Jasionka) is located in the village of Jasionka north of the city. As of June 2015 scheduled passenger services are offered by

Ryanair Ryanair is an Irish ultra low-cost carrier founded in 1984. It is headquartered in Swords, Dublin, Ireland and has its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports. It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings famil ...

LOT Polish Airlines LOT Polish Airlines, legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. (corporation), S.A. (, ''flight''), is the flag carrier of Poland. Established in 1928, LOT was a founding member of IATA and remains one of List of airlines by foundat ...

, and

Lufthansa Deutsche Lufthansa AG (), commonly shortened to Lufthansa, is the flag carrier of Germany. When combined with its subsidiaries, it is the second- largest airline in Europe in terms of passengers carried. Lufthansa is one of the five founding ...

. This is supplemented seasonally by tourist charter flights to typical summer leisure destinations.

Buses

The city operates 49 bus lines including night and airport buses. Rzeszów is also a gateway to the Bieszczady mountains, with many buses heading for Sanok.

Railways

Rzeszów is an important rail hub is on the main west–east rail route; . This runs from

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. S ...

and

Kraków Main station Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

''(Kraków Główny)'' –

Medyka Medyka (; uk, Медика, Medyka) is a village in Przemyśl County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It is the seat of the municipality (gmina) called Gmina Medyka. It lies approximately east of ...

on the Polish eastern border. This line then continues on to

. Its

main railway station Central stations or central railway stations emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century as railway stations that had initially been built on the edge of city centres were enveloped by urban expansion and became an integral part of the ...

was established in the 19th century and apart from it, there are five additional stations in the city: ''Rzeszów Staroniwa'', ''Rzeszów Zwięczyca'', ''Rzeszów Osiedle'', ''Rzeszów Załęże'' and ''Rzeszów Zachodni'' (

freight Cargo consists of bulk goods conveyed by water, air, or land. In economics, freight is cargo that is transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. ''Cargo'' was originally a shipload but now covers all types of freight, including tran ...

only). There are also two non-electrified lines stemming from Rzeszów – to Jasło and to Tarnobrzeg.

Education

Universities: * Rzeszów University (established in 2001 from a number of smaller schools) *

Rzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów University of Technology, also known as Rzeszów Polytechnic ( pl, Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza, PRz) or Ignacy Łukasiewicz University of Technology, is a state-run institution of higher education in Rzeszów, Pol ...

(formed from The Higher Engineering School in 1974) *

University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów (established in 1996) ** Branches in

Dębica Dębica (; yi, דעמביץ ''Dembitz'') is a town in southeastern Poland with 44,692 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Dębica County. Since 1999 it has been situated in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship; it had previously been ...

Krosno Krosno (in full ''The Royal Free City of Krosno'', pl, Królewskie Wolne Miasto Krosno) is a historical town and county in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland. The estimated population of the town is 47,140 inhabitants as of 2 ...

and Nisko * Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania *

WSPiA Rzeszów School of Higher Education WSPiA Rzeszowska Szkoła Wyższa (WSPiA) is a private University in Podkarpacie, Poland. The oldest private University in the province, it was founded in 1995, and it entered into the register of non-public universities under the number 75. The ...

(established in 1995) Notable high schools: * Konarski's Number 1 High School in Rzeszów *John Paul II High School

Twin towns – sister cities

Rzeszów is twinned with: *

Bielefeld Bielefeld () is a city in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe Region in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population of 341,755, it is also the most populous city in the administrative region (''Regierungsbezirk'') of Detmold and the ...

, Germany * Buffalo, United States *

Chernihiv Chernihiv ( uk, Черні́гів, , russian: Черни́гов, ; pl, Czernihów, ; la, Czernihovia), is a city and municipality in northern Ukraine, which serves as the administrative center of Chernihiv Oblast and Chernihiv Raion within ...

, Ukraine *

Fangchenggang Fangchenggang ( ''The port of Fangcheng'') is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The city was formerly called "Fangcheng Pan-Ethnicities Autonomous County" (25 December 1978 � ...

, China * Gainesville, United States *

Ivano-Frankivsk Ivano-Frankivsk ( uk, Іва́но-Франкі́вськ, translit=Iváno-Frankívśk ), formerly Stanyslaviv ( pl, Stanisławów ; german: Stanislau), is a city located in Western Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Ivano-Frankivsk Ob ...

, Ukraine *

Klagenfurt Klagenfurt am WörtherseeLandesgesetzblatt 2008 vom 16. Jänner 2008, Stück 1, Nr. 1: ''Gesetz vom 25. Oktober 2007, mit dem die Kärntner Landesverfassung und das Klagenfurter Stadtrecht 1998 geändert werden.'/ref> (; ; sl, Celovec), usually ...

, Austria *

Košice Košice ( , ; german: Kaschau ; hu, Kassa ; pl, Коszyce) is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of a ...

, Slovakia * Lamia, Greece *

Lutsk Lutsk ( uk, Луцьк, translit=Lutsk}, ; pl, Łuck ; yi, לוצק, Lutzk) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast (province) and the administrative center of the surrounding Lu ...

, Ukraine *

Lviv Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, western Ukraine, and the List of cities in Ukraine, seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is o ...

, Ukraine * Nyíregyháza, Hungary * Rushmoor, England, United Kingdom *

Satu Mare Satu Mare (; hu, Szatmárnémeti ; german: Sathmar; yi, סאטמאר or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the ...

, Romania * Split, Croatia * Truskavets, Ukraine

Notable people

* Maurycy Allerhand (1868–1942), lawyer *

Stan Borys Stan Borys or Stanisław Guzek (born September 3, 1941, in Załęże (now a district of Rzeszów)) is a Polish singer-songwriter, actor, director and poet. He is a charismatic person and a versatile artist who has a broad musical taste, acting ...

(born 1941), singer * Aleksander Cichoń (born 1958), wrestler * Lukasz Cieplinski (1913–1951), anti-Nazi and anti-Soviet resistance hero *

Jerzy Grotowski Jerzy Marian Grotowski (; 11 August 1933 – 14 January 1999) was a Polish theatre director and theorist whose innovative approaches to acting, training and theatrical production have significantly influenced theatre today. He was born in Rze ...

(1933–1999), theatre director and theorist * Rafał Jonkisz (born 1997), male model *

Dawid Kostecki Dawid Kostecki (27 June 1981 – 2 August 2019) was a Polish professional boxer who fought at light heavyweight.. Retrieved 24 January 2016. Personal life Kostecki was born in Rzeszów, Poland. He married Edyta and they had four children. ...

(1981–2019), boxer *

Paweł Kowal Paweł Robert Kowal (born 22 July 1975 in Rzeszów) is a Poland, Polish politician and former Member of the European Parliament. During his time in the EP, he served as the Chairman of the Ukraine–European Union relations, EU-Ukraine Parliamenta ...

(born 1975), politician *

Dawid Lampart Dawid Lampart (born 4 August 1990) is a Polish motorcycle speedway rider who was a member of the Poland U-21 and U-19 national teams. Lampart won the 2009 Under-21 World Cup, 2009 Team U-19 European Championship and finished third at the 200 ...

(born 1990), motorcycle speedway rider *

Joanna Lech Joanna Lech (born 25 January 1984, in Rzeszów, Poland) – a Polish poet and writer. Author of ''Zapaść'', ''Nawroty'' (nominated for NIKE Literary Award 2011), ''Trans'', ''Piosenki Pikinierów'' and ''Sztuczki'' (nominated for NIKE Litera ...

(born 1984), poet *

Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski Prince Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski (1648–1706) was a Polish noble (szlachcic), magnate, politician and famed military commander. He was a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire SRI. Son of Grand Marshal and Hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski and ...

(1648–1706), nobleman and military commander * Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski (1642–1702), nobleman and politician *

Anja Rubik Anja Rubik (born Anna Helena Rubik; 12 June 1983)Statement on talk-show ''Kuba Wojewódzki'' (in Polish) of the 23 March 2010. is a Polish supermodel, activist, philanthropist and entrepreneur. She is one of the most prominent models of the 20th ...

(born 1983), supermodel and philanthropist *

Władysław Sikorski Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski (; 20 May 18814 July 1943) was a Polish military and political leader. Prior to the First World War, Sikorski established and participated in several underground organizations that promoted the cause for Polish i ...

(1881–1943), military and political leader, statesman *

Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz Mieczysław Ludwik Boruta-Spiechowicz (20 February 1894, in Rzeszów – 13 October 1985, in Zakopane) was a Polish military officer, a general of the Polish Army and a notable member of the post-war anti-communist opposition in Poland. He joine ...

(1894–1985), military officer * Tomasz Stańko (1942–2018), jazz musician and composer *

Justyna Steczkowska Justyna Maria Steczkowska (; born August 2, 1972, in Rzeszów,
Poland) is a Polish singer, songwriter, photographer, and actress ...

(born 1972), singer and songwriter * Józef Szajna (1922–2008), set designer and painter * Rich Szaro (1948–2015), Polish-born American football player * Andrzej Szlachta (born 1947), politician *

Józef Zając Józef Ludwik Zając (pron. Za-YANTz) (1891–1963) was a Polish general and pilot. Biography Born on 14 March 1891 in Rzeszów, Józef Zając studied at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, graduating with a PhD in philosophy in 1915. He jo ...

(1891–1963), general and pilot * Oscar Zehngut (born 1874), violinist * Fred Zinnemann (1907–1997), film director

Gallery

File:Rzeszów, ratusz, XVII, 1897-1900 danz 001.jpg, The City Hall File:P3010173.JPG, The Diocesan Museum File:P8100166.JPG, The historic Market Square File:Rzeszów, kościół farny p.w. śś. Stanisława i Wojciecha, 1434, 1623, 1754 danz 004.jpg, Farny Square in Rzeszów File:Rzeszów, gmach PKO, 1906 danz.jpg, The PKO Bank Building File:Rzeszów, Muzeum etnograficzne.JPG, Ethnographic Museum File:Rzeszów, ul. Dąbrowskiego 83 (Instytut Muzyki 2).jpg, The Music Institute File:Rzeszów Pomnik Czynu Rewolucyjnego.jpg, The Revolution Monument File:4 Rzeszów, zespół klasztorny pijarów, 1642-1646, 1703-1707.JPG, The Regional Museum in Rzeszów File:Biblioteka i Wypożyczalnia Główna w Rzeszowie Sokoła.jpg, Main Library File:Rzeszów, Sąd Apelacyjny.jpg, The Rzeszów Court of Appeals File:Fontanna Multimedialna w Rzeszowie.jpg, Multimedia fountain File:Zielono mi, czyli eko Rzeszów....JPG, Basilica of the Assumption File:Most im. Tadeusza Mazowieckiego w Rzeszowie.jpg, The Tadeusz Mazowiecki Bridge in Rzeszów File:Rzeszów. Zamek1.jpg, Rzeszów Castle

Notes

References

Bibliography

* * * Moshe Yaari-Wald (ed.), Sefer Zikkaron li-Kehillat Risha (Heb., some Yid. and Eng., 1967).

External links

* *
GalleryRzeszów City DepartmentWelcome to Rzeszów!Best infoblog in Rzeszów
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Rzeszow City counties of Poland Cities and towns in Podkarpackie Voivodeship * Palaces in Poland Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Lwów Voivodeship Ruthenian Voivodeship Holocaust locations in Poland