Rosso Fiorentino

Giovanni Battista di Jacopo (8 March 1495 in Gregorian style, or 1494 according to the calculation of times in Florence where the year began on 25 March – 14 November 1540), known as Rosso Fiorentino (meaning "Red Florentine" in Italian), or Il Rosso, was an Italian Mannerist painter who worked in oil and fresco and belonged to the Florentine school.

Biography

Born in Florence with the red hair that gave him his nickname, Rosso first trained in the studio of Andrea del Sarto alongside his contemporary, Pontormo. His early works include '' Holy Family with the Infant Saint John the Baptist'' (Walters Art Gallery), ''Cherub Playing a Lute'' (Uffizi) and '' The Infant Saint John the Baptist'' (private collection), all produced around 1521. In late 1523, Rosso moved to Rome, where he was exposed to the works of Michelangelo, Raphael, and other Renaissance artists, resulting in the realignment of his artistic style.

Fleeing Rome after the Sacking of 1527, Rosso eventually went to France where he secured a position at the court of Francis I in 1530, remaining there until his death. Together with Francesco Primaticcio, Rosso was one of the leading artists to work at the Chateau Fontainebleau as part of the "First School of Fontainebleau", spending much of his life there. Following his death in 1540 (which, according to an unsubstantiated claim by Vasari, was a suicid

, Francesco Primaticcio took charge of the artistic direction at Fontainebleau.

Rosso's reputation, along those of other stylized late Renaissance Florentines, was long out of favour in comparison to other more naturalistic and graceful contemporaries, but has revived considerably in recent decades. That his masterpiece is in a small city, away from the tourist track, was a factor in this, especially before the arrival of photography. His poses are certainly contorted, and his figures often appear haggard and thin, but his work has considerable power.

''Deposition from the Cross''

His masterpiece is generally considered to be the ''Deposition'' or '' Deposition from the Cross, Volterra (Rosso Fiorentino), Descent from the Cross'' altarpiece in the Pinacoteca Comunale di Volterra (initially painted for the Duomo). In contrast to the frozen grief of other depositions, this one appears as a hurried and complicated operation, while the figures below have simple and forceful expressions of quiet grief, with powerful expressions hinted at by hidden faces. The sky is somber. The three ladders and those carrying down Christ appear precarious. Christ himself is sallow. Contrast this frenetic, windswept scene with the equally complex, but more restrained composition on the same theme by the near contemporary Florentine Mannerist Pontormo.

Rosso would go on to paint a second, darker and more crowded ''Deposition'' altarpiece for the church of San Lorenzo in Sansepolcro.

Gallery

File:Rosso Fiorentino - A Young Man - WGA20114.jpg, ''A Young Man''
Image:Rosso Fiorentino 003.jpg,
Image:Rosso Fiorentino 004.jpg,
Image:Rosso fiorentino, sposalizio della vergine e santi, 1523, 02.jpg, '' Marriage of the Virgin and Saints'' (1523)
File:Rosso fiorentino (attr.), bacco, venere e marte.jpg, ''Bacchus, Venus and Cupid'' (c. 1531)
Image:Fontainebleau interior francois I gallery 02.JPG, ''Elephant'', Château de Fontainebleau (c. 1536)
Image:Fontainebleau interior francois I gallery 03.JPG, ''Diana'', Château de Fontainebleau
Image:Rosso Fiorentino 001.jpg,
Image:The Holy Family with the Infant Saint John the Baptist.jpg, '' The Holy Family''
File:Rosso fiorentino, ritratto di giovane seduto con tappetoi.jpg, ''Portrait of a Young Man Seated on a Carpet''

External links

Rosso Fiorentino's biography at Web Gallery of ArtExamples of Fiorentino's artExample of unfinished Rosso painting showing underdrawing

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rosso Fiorentino
Italian male painters
16th-century Italian painters
Italian Mannerist painters
Painters from Florence
1494 births
1540 deaths