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The Romanian Front (russian: Румынский фронт) was an army group level command of the Imperial Russian Army and the
The Romanian Front (russian: Румынский фронт) was an army group level command of the Imperial Russian Army and the Romanian Army
The Romanian Land Forces ( ro, Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. In recent years, full professionalisation and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Lan ...
during the First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
Overview
The front was created in mid-December 1916 out of the headquarters of the former Russian Danube Army, following the defeat ofRomanian Army
The Romanian Land Forces ( ro, Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. In recent years, full professionalisation and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Lan ...
forces at the Battle of Turtucaia in Southern Dobrudja. Nominally. the commanding officer of the front was King
King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king.
*In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...
Ferdinand I of Romania
Ferdinand (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed ''Întregitorul'' ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 1914 until his death in 1927. Ferdinand was the second son of Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern and ...
; however, the ''de facto
''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...
'' power lay in his "deputies," which were Imperial Russian Army general
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.
In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED ...
s delegated by the Russian Stavka.
Initially the front consisted of three armies: the Russian 4th, 6th, and 9th Armies. Soon it was joined by the forces of the Romanian 1st Army under General Constantin Cristescu and the Romanian Second Army under Alexandru Averescu
Alexandru Averescu (; 9 March 1859 – 2 October 1938) was a Romanian marshal, diplomat and populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as Prime Minister of three separate cabinets (as well as being ''inter ...
, and, in September 1917, by the Russian 8th Army.
Following the October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mome ...
of 7 November 1917, the front was merged with the Southwestern Front as the Ukrainian Front under administration of the Central Rada
The Central Council of Ukraine ( uk, Українська Центральна Рада, ) (also called the Tsentralna Rada or the Central Rada) was the All-Ukrainian council ( soviet) that united deputies of soldiers, workers, and peasants deputi ...
of Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
.
Composition
Command
;Commander in Chief * 1916-1918King of Romania
The King of Romania (Romanian: ''Regele României'') or King of the Romanians (Romanian: ''Regele Românilor''), was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when the Romanian Workers' Party proclaimed the Romani ...
Ferdinand I
;Deputies of the Commander in Chief
* 12.12.1916 – 01.04.1917 — General of Cavalry Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov
Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov (russian: Влади́мир Ви́кторович Са́харов; 20 May 1853 – 1920) was a Russian general of the cavalry who served in the Russian Imperial Army. In an army career lasting from 1869 to 1917, ...
* 11.04.1917 – 25.03.1918 — General of Infantry Dmitry Shcherbachev
Dmitry Grigoryevich Shcherbachev (russian: Дми́трий Григо́рьевич Щербачёв; Romanization of Russian, tr. ; 18 January 1932) was a general in the Russian Army during World War I and one of the leaders of the White Moveme ...
;Chief of Staff
* 12.12.1916 – 08.04.1917 – General Mikhail Shishkevich
* 17.04.1917 – 15.10.1917 – General Nikolai Golovin
Nikolai Nikolayevich Golovin ( rus, Никола́й Никола́евич Голови́н; 4 December 1875 – 10 January 1944) was an Imperial Russian general and military historian.
Biography
Since 1908 Golovin was professor of tactics at ...
* 23.10.1917 – ? – General Georgiy Viranovskiy
Componenets
* Danubian Army (as a separate army of the Southwestern Front supporting theRomanian Armed Forces
The Land Forces, Air Force and Naval Forces of Romania are collectively known as the Romanian Armed Forces ( ro, Forțele Armate Române or ''Armata Română''). The current Commander-in-chief is Lieutenant General Daniel Petrescu who is manage ...
, merged with the Russian 6th Army)
;Original composition (December 1916)
* 4th Army (from Western Front, General Alexander Ragoza
Alexander Frantsevich Ragoza (russian: Алекса́ндр Фра́нцевич Рагоза́, uk, Олександр Францевич Рогоза; 20 June .S. 8 June1858 – 29 June 1919), in Ukrainian Oleksandr Frantsevych Rohoza, was ...
(HQ in Bacău
Bacău ( , , ; hu, Bákó; la, Bacovia) is the main city in Bacău County, Romania. At the 2016 national estimation it had a population of 196,883, making it the 12th largest city in Romania. The city is situated in the historical region of ...
))
** 8th Army Corps (General Anton Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...
)
** 7th Army Corps (General Arkadiy Sychevskiy)
** 30th Army Corps (?)
**separate formations
* 6th Army (from Petrograd, General Afanasiy Tsurikov (HQ in Bolhrad))
** 4th Army Corps (General Eris Khan Aliev)
** 47th Army Corps (General V.Artyomov?)
** 4th Siberian Army Corps (General Leonid-Otto Sirelius)
** 3rd Cavalry Corps (General Fyodor Keller)
** 6th Cavalry Corps (General Aleksandr Pavlov)
* 9th Army (from Southwestern Front, General Platon Lechitskiy (HQ in Kamianets-Podilskyi
Kamianets-Podilskyi ( uk, Ка́м'яне́ць-Поді́льський, russian: Каменец-Подольский, Kamenets-Podolskiy, pl, Kamieniec Podolski, ro, Camenița, yi, קאַמענעץ־פּאָדאָלסק / קאַמעניץ, ...
))
** 26th Army Corps (General Yevgeny Miller
Eugen Ludwig Müller (russian: Евге́ний-Лю́двиг Ка́рлович Ми́ллер, tr. ; 25 September 1867 – 11 May 1939), better known as Yevgeny Miller, was a Russian general of Baltic German origin and one of the leaders of t ...
)
** 2nd Army Corps (General Vasily Flug
Vasily Yegorovich Flug (March 19, 1860 – December 3, 1955) was an Imperial Russian Army General of the Infantry. A career military officer, he served in the Boxer Rebellion, Russo-Japanese War, and World War I, before joining the White movemen ...
)
** 36th Army Corps (General Nikolai Korotkevich)
** 24th Army Corps (General Konstantin Nekrasov)
** 40th Army Corps (General Georgiy Berkhman)
** 5th Cavalry Corps (General Leonid Veliashev)
* Reserve
** 29th Army Corps (General Nikolai Lisovskiy)
* 2nd Romanian Army (General Alexandru Averescu
Alexandru Averescu (; 9 March 1859 – 2 October 1938) was a Romanian marshal, diplomat and populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as Prime Minister of three separate cabinets (as well as being ''inter ...
)
* Danube detachment
;Later added (Summer 1917)
* 1st Romanian Army (General Constantin Cristescu)
* 8th Army (August 1917 from Southwestern Front, General Mikhail Sokovin (HQ in Mohyliv-Podilskyi))
** 11th Army Corps (General Konstantin Gilchevsky)
** 16th Army Corps (General Nikolai Stogov
Nikolai Nikolayevich Stogov (10 September 1873 – 7 December 1959) was a Russian general who fought in the First World War and Russian Civil War.
Biography
He graduated from Nicholas Cadet Corps, Konstantinovskoe Artillery School and joined the ...
)
** 23rd Army Corps (General Mikhail Promtov)
** 33rd Army Corps (General Mikhail Samoilov)
** 2nd Cavalry Corps (General K.Tumanov?)
;Other formations (uncertain status)
* 10th Army Corps (General Nikolai Danilov)
* 18th Army Corps (General Andrei Zayonchkovski)
See also
*List of Imperial Russian Army formations and units
This article lists Imperial Russian Army formations and units in 1914 prior to World War I mobilisation for the Russian invasion of Prussia and the liberation Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia.
The prewar chain of command was: military distr ...
* Romania during World War I
The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 ...
* Moldavian Democratic Republic
The Moldavian Democratic Republic (MDR; ro, Republica Democratică Moldovenească, ), also known as the Moldavian Republic, was a state proclaimed on by the '' Sfatul Țării'' (National Council) of Bessarabia, elected in October–Novemb ...
(Bessarabia Governorate
The Bessarabia Governorate (, ) was a part of the Russian Empire from 1812 to 1917. Initially known as Bessarabia Oblast (Бессарабская область, ''Bessarabskaya oblast'') as well as, following 1871, a governorate, it included ...
)
* Rumcherod
Rumcherod () was a self-proclaimed and short-lived organ of Soviet power in the South-Western part of Russian Empire that functioned during May 1917–May 1918. The name stands as the Russian language abbreviation for its full name Central Exe ...
* Romanian Front electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)
Notes
{{Russian Empire Ground Forces Fronts of the Russian Empire Military units and formations established in 1916 Romania in World War I Campaigns and theatres of World War I