Robert Doisneau (; 14 April 1912 – 1 April 1994) was a French photographer. From the 1930s, he photographed the streets of Paris. He was a champion of

humanist photography Humanist Photography, also known as the School of Humanist Photography,Chalifour, Bruno, 'Jean Dieuzaide, 1935-2003' in ''Afterimage'' Vol. 31, No. 4, January–February 2004 manifests the Enlightenment philosophical system in social documentary pr ...

and with

Henri Cartier-Bresson Henri Cartier-Bresson (; 22 August 1908 – 3 August 2004) was a French humanist photographer considered a master of candid photography, and an early user of 35mm film. He pioneered the genre of street photography, and viewed photography as ca ...

a pioneer of

photojournalism Photojournalism is journalism that uses images to tell a news story. It usually only refers to still images, but can also refer to video used in broadcast journalism. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of photography (such ...

. Doisneau is known for his 1950 image ''Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville'' (''The Kiss by the City Hall''), a photograph of a couple kissing on a busy Parisian street. He was appointed a ''Chevalier'' (Knight) of the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleo ...

in 1984 by then French president,

François Mitterrand François Marie Adrien Maurice Mitterrand (26 October 19168 January 1996) was President of France, serving under that position from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office in the history of France. As First Secretary of the Socialist Party, he ...

Photographic career

Doisneau is remembered for his modest, playful, and ironic images of amusing juxtapositions, mingling social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris streets and cafes. Influenced by the work of André Kertész,

Eugène Atget Eugène Atget (; 12 February 1857 – 4 August 1927) was a French '' flâneur'' and a pioneer of documentary photography, noted for his determination to document all of the architecture and street scenes of Paris before their disappearance to m ...

, and

, in more than twenty books of photography, he presented a charming vision of human frailty and life as a series of quiet, incongruous moments. Doisneau's work gives unusual prominence and dignity to

children's street culture Children's street culture refers to the cumulative culture created by young children. Collectively, this body of knowledge is passed down from one generation of urban children to the next, and can also be passed between different groups of ch ...

; returning again and again to the theme of children at play in the city, unfettered by parents. His work treats their play with seriousness and respect.

Early life

Doisneau's father, a plumber, died on active service in

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, when his son was about four. His mother died when he was seven. He then was raised by an aunt.Sunday Times. 6 November 2005. It started with the kiss. by John Follain
/ref> At thirteen, he enrolled at the École Estienne, a craft school from which he graduated in 1929 with diplomas in

engraving Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a burin. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or glass are engraved, or may provide an in ...

and

lithography Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by the German a ...

. There he had his first contact with the arts, taking classes in figure drawing and

still life A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, bo ...

. When he was 16, he took up amateur photography, but was reportedly so shy that he started by photographing cobble-stones before progressing to children and then adults. At the end of the 1920s, Doisneau found work as a draughtsman (lettering artist) in the advertising industry at ''Atelier Ullmann'' (''Ullmann Studio''), a creative graphics studio that specialised in the pharmaceutical industry. Here he took an opportunity to change career by also acting as camera assistant in the studio and then becoming a staff photographer.

Photography in the 1930s

In 1931, he left both the studio and advertising, taking a job as an assistant with the modernist photographer André Vigneau. In 1932, he sold his first photographic story to ''Excelsior'' magazine. In 1934, he began working as an industrial advertising photographer for the

Renault Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured ...

car factory at

Boulogne-Billancourt Boulogne-Billancourt (; often colloquially called simply Boulogne, until 1924 Boulogne-sur-Seine, ) is a wealthy and prestigious commune in the Parisian area, located from its centre. It is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and t ...

. Working at Renault increased Doisneau's interest in working with photography and people. Five years later, in 1939, he was dismissed because he was constantly late. He was forced to try freelance advertising, engraving, and

postcard A postcard or post card is a piece of thick paper or thin cardboard, typically rectangular, intended for writing and mailing without an envelope. Non-rectangular shapes may also be used but are rare. There are novelty exceptions, such as woo ...

photography to earn his living. At that time, the French postcard industry was the largest in Europe, postcards served as

greetings card A greeting card is a piece of card stock, usually with an illustration or photo, made of high quality paper featuring an expression of friendship or other sentiment. Although greeting cards are usually given on special occasions such as birthdays ...

s as well as vacation souvenirs. In 1991, he said that the years at the Renault car factory marked "the beginning of his career as a photographer and the end of his youth." In 1939, he was later hired by Charles Rado of the Rapho photographic agency and traveled throughout France in search of picture stories. This is where he took his first professional street photographs.

War service and resistance

Doisneau worked at the Rapho agency until the outbreak of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, whereupon he was drafted into the French army as both a soldier and photographer. He was in the army until 1940 and, from then until the end of the war in 1945, used his draughtsmanship, lettering artistry, and engraving skills to forge passports and identification papers for the

French Resistance The French Resistance (french: La Résistance) was a collection of organisations that fought the German occupation of France during World War II, Nazi occupation of France and the Collaborationism, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy régim ...

Post-war photography

Some of Doisneau's most memorable photographs were taken after the war. He returned to freelance photography and sold photographs to ''

Life Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from that which does not, and is defined by the capacity for growth, reaction to stimuli, metabolism, energy ...

'' and other international magazines. He briefly joined the Alliance Photo Agency but rejoined the Rapho agency in 1946 and remained with them throughout his working life, despite receiving an invitation from

to join

Magnum Photos Magnum Photos is an international photographic cooperative owned by its photographer-members, with offices in New York City, Paris, London and Tokyo. It was founded in 1947 in Paris by photographers Robert Capa, David Seymour (photographer), Davi ...

. His photographs never ridiculed the subjects; thus he refused to photograph women whose heads had been shaved as punishment for sleeping with Germans. In 1948, he was contracted by ''

Vogue Vogue may refer to: Business * ''Vogue'' (magazine), a US fashion magazine ** British ''Vogue'', a British fashion magazine ** ''Vogue Arabia'', an Arab fashion magazine ** ''Vogue Australia'', an Australian fashion magazine ** ''Vogue China'', ...

'' to work as a fashion photographer. The editors believed he would bring a fresh and more casual look the magazine but Doisneau did not enjoy photographing beautiful women in elegant surroundings; he preferred street photography. When he could escape from the studio, he photographed in the Paris streets.

Le Groupe des XV ''Le Groupe des XV'' was a collective founded in 1946 by fifteen (hence its name) French humanist photographers who exhibited annually in Paris until 1957. Its objective was to have photography recognised as an art form in its own right, and to us ...

was established in 1946 in Paris to promote photography as art and drawing attention to the preservation of French photographic heritage, and Doisneau joined in 1950 and participated alongside Rene-Jacques,

Willy Ronis Willy Ronis (; 14 August 191012 September 2009) was a French photographer. His best-known work shows life in post-war Paris and Provence. Life and work Ronis was born in Paris; his father, Emmanuel Ronis, was a Jewish refugee from Odessa, and hi ...

, and

Pierre Jahan Pierre Jahan (9 September 1909 – 21 February 2003) was a French photographer who often worked in a Surrealist style. Born in Amboise and introduced to photography by his family at a very early age, Jahan received his first professional commiss ...

. After the group was disbanded, he joined the less exclusive and more militant

Les 30 x 40 Les 30 × 40 or Le Club photographique de Paris was a photography club created in Paris in 1952 by Roger Doloy who was its president, with vice-president Jean-Claude Gautrand, photographer and author, and honorary president Jean-Pierre Sudre, prof ...

, the Club Photographique de Paris. The 1950s were Doisneau's peak, but the 1960s were his wilderness years. In the 1970s, Europe began to change and editors looked for new reportage that would show the sense of a new social era. All over Europe, the old-style picture magazines were closing as television gained the public's attention. Doisneau continued to work, producing children's books, advertising photography, and celebrity portraits including

Alberto Giacometti Alberto Giacometti (, , ; 10 October 1901 – 11 January 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker. Beginning in 1922, he lived and worked mainly in Paris but regularly visited his hometown Borgonovo to see his family and ...

Jean Cocteau Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (, , ; 5 July 1889 – 11 October 1963) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, filmmaker, visual artist and critic. He was one of the foremost creatives of the s ...

Fernand Léger Joseph Fernand Henri Léger (; February 4, 1881 – August 17, 1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of cubism (known as " tubism") which he gradually modified into a more figurative, p ...

Georges Braque Georges Braque ( , ; 13 May 1882 – 31 August 1963) was a major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with Fauvism from 1905, and the role he play ...

, and

Pablo Picasso Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and Scenic design, theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th ce ...

. Doisneau worked with writers and poets such as Blaise Cendrars and

Jacques Prévert Jacques Prévert (; 4 February 1900 – 11 April 1977) was a French poet and screenwriter. His poems became and remain popular in the French-speaking world, particularly in schools. His best-regarded films formed part of the poetic realist moveme ...

, and he credited Prevert with giving him the confidence to photograph the everyday street scenes that most people simply ignored. The photography of Doisneau has had a revival since his death in 1994. Many of his portraits and photographs of Paris from the end of World War II through the 1950s have been turned into calendars and postcards, and have become icons of French life.

''Le Baiser de l'hôtel de ville'' (''The Kiss'')

In 1950 Doisneau created his most recognizable work for ''

'' – (''Kiss by the Hôtel de Ville''), a photograph of a couple kissing in the busy streets of Paris, which became an internationally recognised symbol of young love in Paris. The identity of the couple remained a mystery until 1992. Jean and Denise Lavergne erroneously believed themselves to be the couple in ''The Kiss'', and when Robert and Annette Doisneau (his older daughter and also his assistant at the time) met them for lunch in the 1980s he "did not want to shatter their dream" so he said nothing. This resulted in them taking him to court for "taking their picture without their knowledge", because under French law an individual owns the rights to their own likeness. The court action forced Doisneau to reveal that he posed the shot using Françoise Delbart and Jacques Carteaud, lovers whom he had just seen kissing, but had not photographed initially because of his natural reserve; he approached them and asked if they would repeat the kiss. He won the court case against the Lavergnes. Doisneau said in 1992: "I would never have dared to photograph people like that. Lovers kissing in the street, those couples are rarely legitimate." The couple in ''Le baiser'' were Françoise Delbart, 20, and Jacques Carteaud, 23, both aspiring actors. In 2005, Françoise Bornet (née Delbart) stated: "He told us we were charming, and asked if we could kiss again for the camera. We didn't mind. We were used to kissing. We were doing it all the time then, it was delicious. Monsieur Doisneau was adorable, very low key, very relaxed." They posed at the

Place de la Concorde The Place de la Concorde () is one of the major public squares in Paris, France. Measuring in area, it is the largest square in the French capital. It is located in the city's eighth arrondissement, at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées. ...

, the

Rue de Rivoli Rue de Rivoli (; English: "Rivoli Street") is a street in central Paris, France. It is a commercial street whose shops include leading fashionable brands. It bears the name of Napoleon's early victory against the Austrian army, at the Battle of R ...

and finally the Hôtel de Ville. The photograph was published on 12 June 1950, issue of ''Life''. The relationship between Delbart and Carteaud only lasted for nine months. Delbart continued her acting career, but Carteaud gave up acting to become a wine producer. In 1950, Françoise Bornet was given an original print of the photograph, bearing Doisneau's signature and stamp, as part of the payment for her "work". In April 2005, she sold the print at auction for €155,000 to an unidentified Swiss collector via the Paris auctioneers Artcurial Briest-Poulain-Le Fur.The Photographs of Robert Doisneau, "Promenades dans les Passages avec Robert Doisneau" with Rosi Huhn (Interview), Bracha L. Ettinger (Photographic portraits of Robert Doisneau) and Wolfgang Schmitz (Drawings). In: Passages d'après Walter Benjamin / Passagen Nach Walter Benjamin. ds.: V. Malsey, U. Rasch, P. Rautmann, N. Schalz Verlag Herman Schmidt, Mainz, 1992.

Personal life

In 1936, Doisneau married Pierrette Chaumaison whom he had met in 1934 when she was cycling through a village where he was on holiday. The couple had two daughters, Annette (b. 1942) and Francine (b. 1947). From 1979 until his death, Annette worked as his assistant. His wife died in 1993 suffering from

Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As ...

and

Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms beco ...

. Doisneau died six months later in 1994, having had a triple heart bypass and was suffering from

acute pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas. Causes in order of frequency include: 1) a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct beyond the point where the pancreatic duct joins it; 2) heavy alcohol use; 3) systemic disea ...

. Annette said: "We won in the courts (re: ''The Kiss''), but my father was deeply shocked. He discovered a world of lies, and it hurt him. ''The Kiss'' ruined the last years of his life. Add that to my mother suffering from Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and I think it's fair to say he died of sadness." Doisneau was in many ways a shy and humble man, similar to his photography, still delivering his own work at the height of his fame. He chastised Francine for charging an "indecent" daily fee of £2,000 for his work on a beer advertising campaign – he wanted only the rate of an "artisan photographer". He lived in southern Paris (

Gentilly, Val-de-Marne Gentilly () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is the closest commune to Paris, located from the city center. Name The name Gentilly was recorded for the first time in the 6th century as ''Gentilly'', a royal estate of s ...

, Montrouge, and the 13th arrondissement) throughout his life. He is buried in the cemetery at Raizeux beside his wife.

Awards and commemoration

* Kodak Prize, 1947 *

Niépce Prize The Niépce Prize has been awarded annually since 1955 to a professional photographer who has lived and worked in France for over 3 years and is younger than 50 years (previously 45 years) of age. It was introduced in honour of Joseph Nicéphore Ni ...

, 1956 ( Nicéphore Niépce) * Grand Prix National de la Photographie, 1983 * Balzac Prize, 1986 ( Honoré de Balzac) * Chevalier of the Order of the

, 1984. * Honorary Fellowship (HonFRPS) from the

Royal Photographic Society The Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain, commonly known as the Royal Photographic Society (RPS), is one of the world's oldest photographic societies. It was founded in London, England, in 1853 as the Photographic Society of London with ...

, 1991. * The Maison de la photographie Robert Doisneau in

, is a photography gallery named in his honour. * Several ''Ecole Primaire'' (primary schools) are named after him. Ecole élémentaire Robert Doisneau is at Véretz (Indre-et-Loire). * The ''Allée Robert Doisneau'' is named in his honour at the 'Parc de Billancourt' on the site of the old

factory at

. * On 14 April 2012, Google celebrated his 100th birthday with a

Google Doodle A Google Doodle is a special, temporary alteration of the logo on Google's homepages intended to commemorate holidays, events, achievements, and notable historical figures. The first Google Doodle honored the 1998 edition of the long-running an ...

Publications

* ''Paris délivré par son peuple.'' (''From the People of Paris''). Paris: Braun: c.1944. * ''La Banlieue de Paris.'' (''The Suburbs of Paris''). Text by Blaise Cendrars. Paris: Éditions Pierre Seghers, 1949. * ''L'Enfant de Paris.'' (''The Children of Paris''). Text by Claude Roy. Neuchâtel: La Baconnière, 1951. * ''Sortilèges de Paris.'' (''The magic of Paris''). Text by François Cali. Paris: Arthaud, 1952. * ''Les Parisiens tels qu’ils sont.'' (''The Parisians as they are.''). Text by

Robert Giraud Robert Giraud (November 21, 1921 – January 17, 1997), was a French journalist, poet and lexicographer. He is the author of over 30 books and subject of the 2009 biography ''Monsieur Bob'' by Olivier Bailly. Early years Robert Giraud l ...

and Michel Ragon. Paris: Delpire, 1954. * ''Instantanés de Paris.'' (''Snapshots of Paris''). Preface by Blaise Cendrars. Paris: Arthaud, 1955. * ''1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Compter en s’amusant.'' (''Fun Counting''). Lausanne: La Guilde du Livre, 1955. ** ''1, 2, 3, 4, 5.''. Text by Arthur Gregor. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1956. ** ''1, 2, 3, 4, 5.''. Text by Elsie May Harris. London: Nelson, 1962. * ''Pour que Paris soit.'' (''This is Paris''). Text by Elsa Triolet. Paris: Éditions Cercle d’Art, 1956. * ''Gosses de Paris.'' (''Children of Paris''). Text by Jean Dongués. Paris: Éditions Jeheber, 1956. * ''Robert Doisneau's Paris: 148 Photographs''. Text by Blaise Cendrars. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1956. ** ''Paris Parade: 148 Photographs''. London: Thames & Hudson, 1956. * ''Le ballet contre l'opéra.'' (''The Ballet and The Opera''). Souillac, Lot: Mulhouse, 1956. * ''A.B.C. du dépannage.''. N.p.: Société des pétroles Shell Berre, 1958. * ''Bistrots.'' (''Bistros''). Text by Robert Giraud. Le Point: Revue artistique et littéraire, 57. Souillac, Lot: Mulhouse, 1960. * ''Arabie, carrefour des siècles: Album.'' (''Arabia, crossroads of the centuries. An album''). Text by

Jacques Benoist-Méchin Jacques Michel Gabriel Paul Benoist-Méchin (1 July 1901 – 24 February 1983) was a French far right politician and writer. He was born and died in Paris. Well known as a journalist and historian, he later became prominent for his collaborationi ...

. Lausanne: La Guilde du livre, 1961. * ''Nicolas Schöffer.''. Text by Guy Habasque and Jacques Ménétrier. Neuchâtel: Éditions du Griffon, 1962. * ''Cognac.''. Text by Georges Vial. Cognac: Rémy Martin, 1960 (?). ** ''Cognac.''. Text by Louise de Vilmorin. Paris: Rémy Martin, 1962. * ''Marius, le forestier.'' (''Marius, the forester. The working men''). Text by Dominique Halévy. Les hommes travaillent. Paris: Éditions Fernand Nathan, 1964. * ''Henri Cartier-Bresson, Robert Doisneau, André Vigneau: Trois photographes français''. Arles: Musée Réattu, 1965. ** Catalogue of an exhibition at Musée Réattu of Doisneau,

, and André Vigneau. * ''Épouvantables Épouvantails.'' (''Appalling Scarecrows''). Paris: Éditions Hors Mesure, 1965. * ''Le Royaume d’argot.'' (''The Kingdom of slang''). Text by Robert Giraud. Paris: Denoël, 1966. * ''Catherine la danseuse.'' (''Catherine. the dancer''). Text by Michèle Manceaux. Paris: Éditions Fernand Nathan, 1966. * ''L'École polytechnique.'' (''The Polytechnic''). Loos-lez-Lille: L. Danel, 1967. * ''L'Oeil objectif.'' (''The eye is a lens''). Marseille: Musée Cantini, 1968. ** ''Catalogue of an exhibition at Musée Cantini by Doisneau, Denis Brihat,

Lucien Clergue Lucien Clergue (; 14 August 1934 – 15 November 2014) was a French photographer. He was Chairman of the Academy of Fine Arts, Paris for 2013. Biography Lucien Clergue was born in Arles, France. At the age of 7 he began learning to play the ...

, and

Jean-Pierre Sudre Jean-Pierre Sudre (; September 27, 1921 – September 6, 1997) was a commercial photographer. Biography Sudre was born in Paris but later moved to the south of France. There he devoted his life to workshops of fine art photography. Photography ...

''. * ''Le Royaume secret du milieu.'' (''The secret of the middle kingdom''). Text by Robert Giraud. Paris: Éditions Planète, 1969. * ''My Paris''. Text by Chevalier, Maurice. Macmillan Publishers. New York. 1972 * ''Le Paris de Robert Doisneau et Max-Pol Fouchet''. Les éditeurs français réunis. France. 1974 * ''L’Enfant à la Colombe''. (''The Child of the Dove''). Text by Sage, James. Editions of the Oak. Paris. La Loire. Denoël. Paris. 1978 * ''Le Mal de Paris''. (''The Evil of Paris''). Text by Lépidis, Clément. Arthaud Publications. Paris. Trois Secondes d’éternité. Contrejour. Paris. 1979 * ''Ballade pour Violoncelle et Chambre Noir''. (''A Song for a Cello and a dark room''). co-author: Baquet, Maurice. Herscher Editions. Paris. 1980 * ''Robert Doisneau''. Text by Chevrier, Jean-François. Belfond Editions. Paris. 1981 * ''Passages et Galeries du 19ème Siècle''. (''Passages and Galleries of the 19th Century''). Text by Delvaille, Bernard. Éditions Balland. Paris. 1982 * ''Doisneau''. Photopoche, Centre national de la photographie. France. 1983 * ''Paysages, Photographies.'' (''Landscapes''). (mission photography for DATAR) Éditions Hazan. Paris. 1985 * ''Un Certain Robert Doisneau''. Editions of the Oak. Paris. 1986 * ''Pour saluer Cendrars''. (''In honour of Cendrars''). Text by Camilly, J. Actes Sud. Arles, France. 1987 * ''60 portraits d/artists''. (''60 portraits of artists''). Text by Petit, Jean. Hans Grieshaber Publications. Zürich. 1988 * ''Doisneau. Quotations by Doisneau collected by Maisonneuve Andre''. Éditions Hazan. Paris, France. 1988 * ''Bonjour Monsieur Le Corbusier''. (''Hello Mr Le Corbusier''). Text by Petit, Jean. Hans Grieshaber Publications. Zürich. 1988 * ''A l’imparfait de l’objectif''. (''The imperfect object''). Belfond Editions. Paris. 1989 * ''Les Doigts Pleins d’encre''. (''Fingers full of ink''). Text by Cavanna. Hoëbeke Editions. Paris. 1989 * ''La Science de Doisneau''. (''The Science of Robert Doisneau''). Hoëbeke Editions. Paris. 1990 * ''Les Auvergnats''. (''People of the Auvergne''). With Dubois, Jaques. Nathan Images. Paris. 1990 * ''Lettres à un Aveugle sur des Photographies de Robert Doisneau''. (''Letters to a blind man about the Photographs of Robert Doisneau''). Text by Roumette, Sylvain. 1990 * ''Le Tout sur le tout/Le Temps qu’il fait''. (''All about the weather''). Paris. 1990 * ''Le Vin des rues''. Text by Robert Giraud. Paris: Denoël, 1990. * ''Rue Jacques Prévert''. Hoëbeke Editions. Paris, France. 1991 * ''La Compagnie des Zincs''. Text by Carradec, François Carradec. Seghers. Paris. 1991 * ''Les Grandes Vacances''. (''Summer vacation''). Text by Pennac, Daniel. Hoëbeke Editions. Paris. 1992 * ''Mes gens de Plume''. Writings by Doisneau collected by Dubois, Y. Éditions La Martinière. France. 1992 * ''Les Enfants de Germinal''. (''The children of Germinal''). Text by Cavanna. Hoëbeke Editions. Paris. 1993 (See also Germinal (month). the downfall) * ''Doisneau 40/44''. Text by Ory, Pascal. Hoëbeke Editions. Paris. 1994 * ''La Vie de Famille''. (''Family life''). Text by Ory, Pascal. Hoëbeke Editions. Paris. 1994 * ''Robert Doisneau ou la Vie d’un photographie''. (''Robert Doisneau. the life of a photographer''. Text by Hamilton, Peter. Hoëbeke Editions. Paris. 1995 * ''Mes Parisiens''. (''My Parisians''). Nathan Publications. Paris. 1997 * ''Palm Springs 1960.'' Paris:

Flammarion Flammarion may refer to: * Camille Flammarion (1842–1925), French astronomer and author * Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion (1877–1962), French astronomer, wife of Camille Flammarion * Flammarion engraving by unknown artist; appeared in a book by C ...

, 2010. . With a foreword by Jean-Paul Dubois. * ''Robert Doisneau, comme un barbare.'' Text by André Pozner. Paris: Lux Editions, 2012. .

Exhibitions

* 1947 Salon de la Photo, Bibliothèque, Paris * 1951 Exhibition with Brassaї, Willy Ronis, and Izis, Museum of Modern Art, New York * 1960

Solo exhibition A solo show or solo exhibition is an exhibition of the work of only one artist. The artwork may be paintings, drawings, etchings, collage, sculpture, or photography. The creator of any artistic technique may be the subject of a solo show. Other s ...

, Museum of Modern Art, Chicago. * 1965 Exhibition with Daniel Frasnay, Jean Lattès, Jeanine Niépce, Roger Pic, and Willy Ronis, Six Photographes et Paris, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, Paris; Exhibition with Henri Cartier-Bresson and André Vigneau, Musée Réattu, Arles; Solo Exhibition, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris; Exhibition with D. Brihat, J. P. Sudre, and L. Clergue, Musée Cantini de Marseilles * 1972 Solo Exhibition, International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House, Rochester, New York * 1972 Exhibition with Edouard Boubat, Brassaї, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Izis, and Willy Ronis, French Embassy, Moscow * 1974 Solo Exhibition, University of California at Davis. Solo exhibition, Galerie du Château d’Eau, Toulouse * 1975 Solo Exhibition, Witkin Gallery, New York; Musée Réattu Arts Décoratifs, Nantes; Musée Réattu, Arles * 1975 Solo exhibition, Galerie et Fils, Brussels. Solo exhibition, fnac, Lyons; Group exhibition, Expression de l’humor, Boulogne Billancourt; Solo exhibition, Galerie Neugebauer, Basel * 1976 Exhibition with Brassaї, Cartier-Bresson, Jean-Philippe Charbonnier, Izis, and Marc Riboud, Kraków * 1977 Solo Exhibition, Brussels; Exhibition with Guy la Querrec, Carlos Freire, Claude Raimond-Dityvon, Bernard Descamps, and Jean Lattès, Six Photographes en quête de banlieue, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris * 1978 Solo Exhibition, Ne Bougeons plus, Galerie Agathe Gaillard, Paris; Solo exhibition, Witkin Gallery, New York; Solo exhibition, Musée Nicéphore Niépce, Charlon-sur-Saône * 1979 Solo Exhibition, Paris, les passants qui passent, Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris * 1980 Solo Exhibition, Amsterdam * 1981 Solo Exhibition, Witkin Gallery, New York * 1982 Solo Exhibition, Portraits, Foundation Nationale de la Photographie, Lyons; Solo exhibition, French Embassy, New York; Solo exhibition, Robert Doisneau, Photographe de banlieue, Town Hall, Gentilly * 1982 Solo exhibition of 120 photographs, Palace of Fine Arts, Beijing, Exhibition of portraits, Tokyo; Solo exhibition, Robert Doisneau, Photographie du dimanche, Institut Lumière, Lyon * 1986 Group Exhibition, De Vogue à femme, Rencontres Internationales de la Photographie d’Arles * 1987 Solo Exhibition, St.-Denis, Musée de St.-Denis; Solo exhibition, The National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto * 1988 Solo Exhibition, A Homage to Robert Doisneau, Villa Medicis, Rome * 1989 Solo Exhibition, Doisneau-Renault, Grande Halle de la Villette, Paris * 1990 Solo Exhibition, La Science de Doisneau, Jardin des Plantes, Paris * 1992 Solo Exhibition, Robert Doisneau: A Retrospective, Modern Art Oxford * 1993 The Summerlee Heritage Trust, Coatbridge, Scotland; Royal Festival Hall, London; Manchester City Art Gallery; O Mes da Fotografie Festival, Convento do Beato, Lisbon, Portugal; Musée Carnavalet, Paris * 1994 "Hommage à Robert Doisneau", festival des Rencontres d'Arles, France * 1994 Musée d’Art Contemporain de Montréal, Canada; Galway Arts Centre, Ireland; Solo exhibition, A Homage to Robert Doisneau, Galerie du Château d’Eau à Toulouse; Solo exhibition, Doisneau 40/44, Centre d’Histoire de la Résistance et de la Déportation de Lyon, Lyon, France; Solo exhibition, Robert Doisneau ou la désobéissance, Ecomusée de Fresnais * 1995 Museum of Modern Art, Oxford, England; Aberdeen Art Gallery, Scotland; The Mead Gallery, Warwick Arts Centre, Coventry * 1996 Solo Exhibition, Montpellier Photo-Visions, Galerie Municipale de la Photographie; Isetan Museum of Art, Tokyo; Daimaru Museum, Osaka, Japan * 2000 Exhibition, Gravités, Paris * 2000 Exhibition, Galerie Claude Bernard, Paris * 2002 Exhibition, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile * 2003 Exhibition, Budapest, Hungary; Exhibition, Bucarest, Romania * 2003 Exhibition, Galerie Claude Bernard, Paris * 2005 Solo Exhibition, Robert Doisneau from the Fictional to the Real, Bruce Silverstein Gallery, New York * 2005 Solo Exhibition, Robert Doisneau, Galerie Claude Bernard, Paris * 2010 Solo Exhibitions, Robert Doisneau, Du metier a l'oeuvre, Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson, 2, Impasse Lebouis, 75014 Paris * 2010 Group Exhibition, Discoveries, Robert Doisneau, Bruce Silverstein Gallery, New York * 2010 Solo Exhibition, Robert Doisneau, the fisherman of images, the Space for Art of Caja Madrid Zaragoza, Aranjuez, Madrid * 2011 Group exhibition: Night, Robert Doisneau Bruce Silverstein Gallery, New York * 2014 exhibition : The moments that he loved, sangsangmadang, Seoul * 2015 exhibition : Robert Doisneau, a photographer at the museum, Grande Galerie de l'Évolution, ParisRobert Doisneau, un photographe au Muséum, Grande Galerie de l'Évolution (retrieved 2015-10-26)
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Films about Doisneau

A short film, ''Le Paris de Robert Doisneau,'' was made in 1973. In 1992 the French actress and producer

Sabine Azéma Sabine Azéma (born 20 September 1949) is a French stage and film actress and director. Born in Paris, she graduated from the Paris Conservatory of Dramatic Arts. Career Her film career began in 1975. Azéma appeared in '' A Sunday in the ...

made the film ''Bonjour Monsieur Doisneau.''

References

External links

*
Encyclopædia Britannica, Robert Doisneau

Maison de la Photographie Robert-Doisneau

BBC News report on the auction of ''Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville''

Robert Doisneau: Seconds Snatched from Eternity
{{DEFAULTSORT:Doisneau, Robert 1912 births 1994 deaths Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur French photographers People from Val-de-Marne Street photographers Humanist photographers Cooperatives in France