Robert Emmett Cantwell (January 31, 1908 – December 8, 1978), known as Robert Cantwell, was a novelist and critic. His first novel, ''Laugh and Lie Down'' (1931) is an early example, twenty years before Jack Kerouac, of the American classic genre the "road novel", and also an important example of the "Depression novel" period genre. His most notable work, ''The Land of Plenty'', focuses on a lumber mill in a thinly disguised version of his hometown in

Washington state Washington (), officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. Named for George Washington—the first U.S. president—the state was formed from the western part of the Washington ...

Background

Robert Emmet Cantwell was born on January 31, 1908, in Little Falls (now Vader),

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

. His parents were Charles James Cantwell, an engineer, and Nina Adelia Hanson. He had an older sibling James Leroy and younger siblings Frances Dorothy and Charles Harry. He attended the

University of Washington The University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast; it was established in Seattl ...

(1924−1925) and then spent the next four years working at Harbor Plywood Co., (1925−1929) in

Hoquiam, Washington Hoquiam ( ) is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. It borders the city of Aberdeen at Myrtle Street, with Hoquiam to the west. The two cities share a common economic history in lumbering and exporting, but Hoquiam has maintai ...

. In 1919, the

massacre A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when per ...

during a strike in nearby

Centralia, Washington Centralia () is a city in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It is located along Interstate 5 near the midpoint between Seattle and Portland, Oregon. The city had a population of 18,183 at the 2020 census. Centralia is twinned with Ch ...

, deeply disturbed him and left a lasting impression that appeared in his major writings.

Career

South-Side-Band-Mill-Union-Lumber-Company

In 1929, after selling a short story "Hanging by My Thumbs" to '' The New American Caravan'', he moved (with help from childhood friend Calvin Fixx) to

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...

, landed a book contract with Farrar and Rinehart, and began work on his first novel, ''Laugh and Lie Down'' (1931). From 1930 to 1935 (and during the Great Depression), he wrote a second novel, ''The Land of Plenty'' (1934). He published a number of short stories in '' The Miscellany'', '' American Caravan'', '' Pagany'', and ''

The New Republic ''The New Republic'' is an American magazine of commentary on politics, contemporary culture, and the arts. Founded in 1914 by several leaders of the progressive movement, it attempted to find a balance between "a liberalism centered in hu ...

''. In December 1933, he accepted work already passed over by

Whittaker Chambers Whittaker Chambers (born Jay Vivian Chambers; April 1, 1901 – July 9, 1961) was an American writer-editor, who, after early years as a Communist Party member (1925) and Soviet spy (1932–1938), defected from the Soviet underground (1938) ...

, namely to co-write a biography of

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...

's E. A. Filene, in collaboration with

Lincoln Steffens Lincoln Austin Steffens (April 6, 1866 – August 9, 1936) was an American investigative journalist and one of the leading muckrakers of the Progressive Era in the early 20th century. He launched a series of articles in '' McClure's'', called " ...

. The same month, Steffens suffered a heart-attack and died in 1936; Cantwell handed the manuscript to Filene in 1937. Throughout the 1930s, Cantwell began to meet New York writers and editors such as

Edmund Wilson Edmund Wilson Jr. (May 8, 1895 – June 12, 1972) was an American writer and literary critic who explored Freudian and Marxist themes. He influenced many American authors, including F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose unfinished work he edited for publi ...

Malcolm Cowley Malcolm Cowley (August 24, 1898 – March 27, 1989) was an American writer, editor, historian, poet, and literary critic. His best known works include his first book of poetry, ''Blue Juniata'' (1929), his lyrical memoir, ''Exile's Return ...

, John Chamberlain,

Erskine Caldwell Erskine Preston Caldwell (December 17, 1903 – April 11, 1987) was an American novelist and short story writer. His writings about poverty, racism and social problems in his native Southern United States, in novels such as '' Tobacco Road'' (1 ...

Matthew Josephson Matthew Josephson (February 15, 1899 – March 13, 1978) was an American journalist and author of works on nineteenth-century French literature and American political and business history of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Josephson popu ...

, and Harry Hansen. Over time, his circle expanded to include

James T. Farrell James Thomas Farrell (February 27, 1904 – August 22, 1979) was an American novelist, short-story writer and poet. He is most remembered for the ''Studs Lonigan'' trilogy, which was made into a film in 1960 and a television series in 1979. B ...

Meyer Schapiro Meyer Schapiro (23 September 1904 – 3 March 1996) was a Lithuanian-born American art historian known for developing new art historical methodologies that incorporated an interdisciplinary approach to the study of works of art. An expert on earl ...

John Dos Passos John Roderigo Dos Passos (; January 14, 1896 – September 28, 1970) was an American novelist, most notable for his ''U.S.A.'' trilogy. Born in Chicago, Dos Passos graduated from Harvard College in 1916. He traveled widely as a young man, visit ...

Newton Arvin Fredrick Newton Arvin (August 25, 1900 – March 21, 1963) was an American literary critic and academic. He achieved national recognition for his studies of individual nineteenth-century American authors. After teaching at Smith College in N ...

Kenneth Burke Kenneth Duva Burke (May 5, 1897 – November 19, 1993) was an American literary theorist, as well as poet, essayist, and novelist, who wrote on 20th-century philosophy, aesthetics, criticism, and rhetorical theory. As a literary theorist, Burk ...

Granville Hicks Granville Hicks (September 9, 1901 – June 18, 1982) was an American Marxist and, later, anti-Marxist novelist, literary critic, educator, and editor. Early life Granville Hicks was born September 9, 1901, in Exeter, New Hampshire, to Frank Ste ...

Kenneth Fearing Kenneth Flexner Fearing (July 28, 1902 – June 26, 1961) was an American poet and novelist. A major poet of the Depression era, he addressed the shallowness and consumerism of American society as he saw it, often by ironically adapting the lan ...

, Fred Dupee, Elof Holmlund, and

. In the 1930s, "After he settled in New York, Cantwell was always short of money and therefore generally in a rush to finish a piece and get paid... All the more remarkable, then, that his short stories are of such a generally high aesthetic quality." Meantime, to support himself while writing, Cantwell took on regular-paying jobs. From November 1932 until its close in 1935, he worked as literary editor of ''

New Outlook ''New Outlook'' is the debut album by jazz pianist and mathematician Rob Schneiderman which was recorded on January 5, 1988, and released by Reservoir.

'' magazine. He also wrote for the ''

New Masses ''New Masses'' (1926–1948) was an American Marxist magazine closely associated with the Communist Party USA. It succeeded both ''The Masses'' (1912–1917) and ''The Liberator''. ''New Masses'' was later merged into '' Masses & Mainstream'' (19 ...

'' under pen name "Robert Simmons." At some point between 1933 and 1936, he worked as assistant literary editor at ''The New Republic'' under

, who was literary editor, according to Mary McCarthy in her 1992 posthumous ''Intellectual Memoirs: New York, 1936–1938''; McCarthy also remembers him in the mid-1930s as "a Communist, a real member."

''Time'' magazine

On April 23, 1935 and through 1936, Cantwell joined the editorial staff of ''

Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, ...

'' as book reviewer. In 1937, he joined ''Times sister magazine, '' Fortune''. In 1938, he returned to ''Time'' as associate editor (1938−1945). In 1939, he helped his friend Chambers get his old job as book reviewer. In 1940,

William Saroyan William Saroyan (; August 31, 1908 – May 18, 1981) was an Armenian-American novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1940, and in 1943 won the Academy Award for Best Story for the film ''T ...

lists Cantwell among "associate editors" at ''Time'' in Saroyan's play, ''Love's Old Sweet Song''. In 1941, Cantwell suffered a nervous breakdown. He took off work and received treatment at the

Bloomingdale Insane Asylum The Bloomingdale Insane Asylum (1821–1889) was an American private hospital for the care of the mentally ill, founded by New York Hospital. It was located in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, where Columbia U ...

. He spent three years researching and writing the biography, ''

Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer. His works often focus on history, morality, and religion. He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, from a family long associated with that t ...

: The American Years'' (1948). From 1949 to 1954 he worked as the literary editor of ''

Newsweek ''Newsweek'' is an American weekly online news magazine co-owned 50 percent each by Dev Pragad, its president and CEO, and Johnathan Davis, who has no operational role at ''Newsweek''. Founded as a weekly print magazine in 1933, it was widely ...

''.

''Sports Illustrated'' magazine

In 1954, he took up freelancing again until 1956 when he began an association with ''

Sports Illustrated ''Sports Illustrated'' (''SI'') is an American sports magazine first published in August 1954. Founded by Stuart Scheftel, it was the first magazine with circulation over one million to win the National Magazine Award for General Excellence twi ...

''. He worked for the magazine from 1956 until his death in 1978. He worked on a number of articles, three of which became books: '' Alexander Wilson: Naturalist and Pioneer'' (1961), ''The Real McCoy'' (1971), and ''The Hidden Northwest'' (1972). Subjects of his articles include chess, ornithology, sports in the movies and literary figures in sports.

Personal life and death

Cantwell married Mary Elizabeth Chambers, known as Betsy, a teacher, on February 2, 1931: she (no relation to Whittaker Chambers) was a cousin of Lyle Saxon, whom Fixx had been serving as secretary. They had three children: Joan McNiece (Mrs. George Stolz, Jr.), Betsy Ann (Mrs. Walter Pusey III), and Mary Elizabeth Emmett (Mrs. Lars-Erik Nelson). He later married Allison Joy, a noted portrait painter, and, briefly, Eva Stolz Gilleran shortly before his death in 1978. Cantwell was rumored to have been the inspiration for many of the scenes in the

Eric Hodgins Eric Francis Hodgins (March 2, 1899 – January 7, 1971) was the American author of the popular novel '' Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House'', illustrated by William Steig. Biography Hodgins was born in Detroit, Michigan to the Episcopa ...

novel Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House. While working together at Fortune, Cantwell had encouraged Hogkins to purchase a property not far from his own house in Sherman, Connecticut, and Cantwell's two daughters at the time had the same names as the two daughters in the novel: Betsy and Joan. During the Hiss Case, the FBI often lurked around Cantwell's home in

Sherman Sherman most commonly refers to: *Sherman (name), a surname and given name (and list of persons with the name) ** William Tecumseh Sherman (1820–1891), American Civil War General *M4 Sherman, a tank Sherman may also refer to: Places United St ...

and questioned neighbors. Cantwell dismissed his radical affiliations of youth obliquely in later life, saying "I had no interest in politics" and no (public) political aspirations. Nevertheless, his circle in the 1930s was a strong Leftist one that included Schapiro (Marxist), Cowley (Communist Party fellow traveller), Holmlund and Calvin Fixx (Communist Party members), and Chambers (Soviet spy). Further, his correspondence shows a strong interest, for example, in the

CPUSA The Communist Party USA, officially the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), is a communist party in the United States which was established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America following the Russian Revo ...

ticket for 1932 elections, which included William Z. Foster for president and James W. Ford for vice president. He also joined the League of Professional Writers for Foster and Ford. (Cantwell noted that he voted for

Roosevelt Roosevelt may refer to: *Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), 26th U.S. president * Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945), 32nd U.S. president Businesses and organisations * Roosevelt Hotel (disambiguation) * Roosevelt & Son, a merchant bank * Rooseve ...

so he would not "throw away" his vote.) Also in the Fall of 1932, he traveled to Washington, DC, with Cowley to cover the National Hunger March for ''The New Republic''. Biographer Per Seyersted concluded, "That Cantwell did not use correct Marxist terminology would seem to indicate that he was no CP member, that however to the left he was and in sympathy with the Party's aims, he was an independent person doing his own thinking." This reflected his background in West Coast populist-progressive-anarchist political culture, something quite different from New York City European-oriented doctrinaire Marxism—the Grange, the Progressive Party, the Wobblies, rather than the regimen of Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist party discipline. The Centralia strikers were Wobblies. He died in 1978, aged 70, in St. Luke's hospital in

, after suffering a heart attack two weeks earlier. In his obituary, ''Sports Illustrated'' wrote:

Bob Cantwell was with us during the last 22 years of his life, in which he wrote dozens of memorable articles, among them a portrayal of Cecil Smith, the Texas cowboy who became perhaps the greatest polo player the world has ever seen. When Cantwell wrote of Banjo Paterson, the virtually unknown author of Waltzing Matilda, he made sure that a colorful footnote to history was not going to be lost, at least not to SI readers. As he once said, "History is a natural resource, just as much as fossil fuel. It's what is there. We should not ignore it." Bob Cantwell was a unique intellectual resource and a friend. We shall miss him.

Cantwell's correspondence includes:

Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century f ...

Van Wyck Brooks Van Wyck Brooks (February 16, 1886 in Plainfield, New Jersey – May 2, 1963 in Bridgewater, Connecticut) was an American literary critic, biographer, and historian. Biography Brooks graduated from Harvard University in 1908. As a student ...

, Henry Luce,

Clare Boothe Luce Clare Boothe Luce ( Ann Clare Boothe; March 10, 1903 – October 9, 1987) was an American writer, politician, U.S. ambassador, and public conservative figure. A versatile author, she is best known for her 1936 hit play '' The Women'', which ha ...

Marianne Moore Marianne Craig Moore (November 15, 1887 – February 5, 1972) was an American modernist poet, critic, translator, and editor. Her poetry is noted for formal innovation, precise diction, irony, and wit. Early life Moore was born in Kirkwood ...

, T. S. Matthews, and

. Other members of his family are of note: his great-grandfather was Michael Troutman Simmons, known for establishing the first permanent settlement in what is now Tacoma, Washington, and his nephew,

Colin Cantwell Colin James Cantwell (April 3, 1932 – May 21, 2022) was an American concept artist and director known for his work on films like '' 2001: A Space Odyssey'' and '' WarGames'', but primarily for doing initial concept designs and models for a nu ...

, is known for, among other things, designing the

Death Star The Death Star is a fictional space station and superweapon featured in the '' Star Wars'' space-opera franchise. Constructed by the autocratic Galactic Empire, the Death Star is capable of annihilating entire planets into rubble, and serves t ...

in '' Star Wars''.

Impact

Literature

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-84600-0001, Ivens und Hemingway bei Ludwig Renn, Chef der XI

considered Cantwell "his best bet" in American fiction.

F. Scott Fitzgerald Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. He is best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age—a term he popularize ...

wrote of Cantwell's first short story, "Hanging by My Thumbs": "Mark it well, for my guess is that he's learned a better lesson from Proust than

Thornton Wilder Thornton Niven Wilder (April 17, 1897 – December 7, 1975) was an American playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes — for the novel '' The Bridge of San Luis Rey'' and for the plays ''Our Town'' and '' The Skin of Our Teeth'' — ...

did and has a destiny of no mean star." T. S. Matthews wrote, "Before I met him, I knew that he was reported to be the best book reviewer in New York; after only three book reviews, everybody admitted it."

''Time'' magazine

Cantwell, his close colleagues, and many staff members as of the 1930s helped elevate ''Time''–"interstitial intellectuals," as historian Robert Vanderlan has called them. Colleague

John Hersey John Richard Hersey (June 17, 1914 – March 24, 1993) was an American writer and journalist. He is considered one of the earliest practitioners of the so-called New Journalism, in which storytelling techniques of fiction are adapted to n ...

described them as follows:

''Time'' was in an interesting phase; an editor named Tom Matthews had gathered a brilliant group of writers, including James Agee,
Robert Fitzgerald Robert Stuart Fitzgerald (; 12 October 1910 – 16 January 1985) was an American poet, literary critic and translator whose renderings of the Greek classics "became standard works for a generation of scholars and students".Mitgang, Herbert (Janua ...
,
Whittaker Chambers Whittaker Chambers (born Jay Vivian Chambers; April 1, 1901 – July 9, 1961) was an American writer-editor, who, after early years as a Communist Party member (1925) and Soviet spy (1932–1938), defected from the Soviet underground (1938) ...
, Robert Cantwell,
Louis Kronenberger Louis Kronenberger (December 9, 1904April 30, 1980) was an American literary critic (longest with ''Time'', (1938-1961), novelist, and biographer who wrote extensively on drama and the 18th century. Background Kronenberger was born in Cincinnat ...
, and Calvin Fixx... They were dazzling. Time's style was still very hokey—“backward ran sentences till reeled the mind”—but I could tell, even as a neophyte, who had written each of the pieces in the magazine, because each of these writers had such a distinctive voice.

Hiss Case

In October 1931, Cantwell attended a dinner party in honor of his first novel, ''Laugh and Lie Down'', where he met

, friend Mike Intrator, and Intrator's wife

Grace Lumpkin Grace Lumpkin (March 3, 1891 – March 23, 1980) was an American writer of proletarian literature, focusing most of her works on the Depression era and the rise and fall of favor surrounding communism in the United States. Most important of fou ...

. At the time, Chambers had become an editor at the ''

'' magazine; he and Cantwell became "very close friends." Soon after meeting, Cantwell joined the

John Reed Club The John Reed Clubs (1929–1935), often referred to as John Reed Club (JRC), were an American federation of local organizations targeted towards Marxist writers, artists, and intellectuals, named after the American journalist and activist John ...

. When Chambers went into the Soviet underground in mid-1932, Cantwell knew; he declined to let Chambers use his home as a letter drop. In April 1934, Cantwell met Chambers' underground comrade, John Loomis Sherman, whom he knew as "Phillips." For the rest of his life, Cantwell would remain unclear about just how much he knew about or was involved in Chambers' underground activities. In May 1934, when Chambers started working with the

Ware Group The Ware Group was a covert organization of Communist Party USA operatives within the United States government in the 1930s, run first by Harold Ware (1889–1935) and then by Whittaker Chambers (1901–1961) after Ware's accidental death on Augu ...

(according to Cantwell's papers), Cantwell accompanied him; about this time, Chambers let Cantwell know that he was using the alias "Lloyd Cantwell" in Baltimore. Biographer Seyersted notes that in his 1952 memoir ''Witness'', Chambers may have changed dates for his first meetings in Washington for the Ware Group to June and later in order to protect Cantwell. Cantwell helped get

a job at ''Time'' magazine, as Chambers recounted in his memoirs:

The morning mail brought a letter from my friend, Robert Cantwell, the author of ''Laugh and Lie Down'', and later, the biographer of
Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer. His works often focus on history, morality, and religion. He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, from a family long associated with that t ...
. Cantwell was then one of the editors of ''Time'' magazine... But his letter... urged me to go to New York at once. As sometimes happens at ''Time'', several jobs were suddenly open. Cantwell thought that I might get one of them... Cantwell thought I should try for a book reviewer's job. I wrote several trial reviews. A few days later, ''Time'' hired me.

Chambers had used the alias "Lloyd Cantwell" during his time in the Soviet underground, including the formation of the American Feature Writers Syndicate with comrade John Loomis Sherman (using the alias Charles Francis Chase) and literary agent

Maxim Lieber Maxim Lieber (October 15, 1897 – April 10, 1993) was a prominent American literary agent in New York City during the 1930s and 1940s. The Soviet spy Whittaker Chambers named him as an accomplice in 1949, and Lieber fled first to Mexico and then ...

. During the Hiss Case, Cantwell's name came up, and he found himself under FBI surveillance. When Chambers published his memoirs, Cantwell wrote a negative review. Cantwell's mental breakdown in 1941 plus Chambers' use of his surname in the 1930s may well have led the Hiss defense team to conflate the two Cantwells and thus question Chambers' own sanity. ("Is he a man of sanity?" Hiss publicly questioned as early as August 25, 1948.) In later years, Cantwell would express skepticism that Chambers even was in the underground; at others, he would express great fear of Soviet retribution (for Chambers' defection–and Cantwell's role in it?).

Works

Original works: * "Hanging by My Thumbs" in ''The New American Caravan'' (1931) * ''Laugh and Lie Down'' (1931) * ''Land of Plenty'' (1934, 1971) * "The Hills around Centralia" in ''Proletarian Literature in the United States: An Anthology'' (1935) * ''Nathaniel Hawthorne: The American Years'' (1948, 1971) * ''Famous American Men of Letters'', illustrated by Gerald McCann (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1956) * ''Alexander Wilson: Naturalist and Pioneer: A Biography'', decorated by Robert Ball (1961) * ''Real McCoy: The Life and Times of Norman Selby'' (1971) * ''Hidden Northwest'' (1972) Editorial works: * ''The Humorous Side of

'' anthology edited and introduced by Robert Cantwell (1951) * ''White Rose of Memphis'' by William C. Falkner, introduced by Robert Cantwell (1953) * ''Charterhouse of Parma'', by Marie-Henri Beyle ( Stendhal, translated by Lady Mary Loyd, revised by Robert Cantwell, preface by

Honoré de Balzac Honoré de Balzac ( , more commonly , ; born Honoré Balzac;Jean-Louis Dega, La vie prodigieuse de Bernard-François Balssa, père d'Honoré de Balzac : Aux sources historiques de La Comédie humaine, Rodez, Subervie, 1998, 665 p. 20 May 179 ...

, illustrated by Rafaello Busoni (1955) * ''Tess of the d'Urbervilles'' by Thomas Hardy, introduced by Robert Cantwell (1956) * ''Far from the Madding Crowd'', by Thomas Hardy, introduced by Robert Cantwell, engraved by

Agnes Miller Parker Agnes Miller Parker (1895–1980) was an engraver, illustrator and painter in oil and tempera. Born in Ayrshire, she spent most of her career in London and southern Britain. She is especially known as a twentieth century wood-engraver thanks to ...

(1958) * ''The History of Pendennis'' by

William Makepeace Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray (; 18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863) was a British novelist, author and illustrator. He is known for his satirical works, particularly his 1848 novel ''Vanity Fair'', a panoramic portrait of British society, and t ...

, introduced by Robert Cantwell (1961) Unfinished works: * Biography of E. A. Filene with

(1934) * Autobiography of James B. McNamara, convicted labor dynamiter * Small Boston, projected novel from the early 1970s * The FBI, privacy, and Cantwell's involvement with politics and Whittaker Chambers * Four Novelists on

William Faulkner William Cuthbert Faulkner (; September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American writer known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where Faulkner spent most o ...

, Ernest Hemingway, James T. Farrell and Erskine Caldwell Articles: Before joining ''TIME'', Cantwell wrote (mostly book reviews) for ''

'', ''

The Nation ''The Nation'' is an American liberal biweekly magazine that covers political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis. It was founded on July 6, 1865, as a successor to William Lloyd Garrison's '' The Liberator'', an abolitionist newspaper t ...

'', and '' The Outlook'': * "Lawrence's Last Novel" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (December 24, 1930) * "Selma Lagerlof" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (February 25, 1931) * "Sympathetic to Revolt" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (March 25, 1931) * "California" (Review), ''The Nation'' (April 15, 1931) * "Faulkner's Thirteen Stories" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (October 21, 1931) * "Conflict Between Sisters" (Review), ''The Saturday Review'' (November 7, 1931) * "The Week's Reading" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (November 25, 1931) * "Portrait of America" (Review), ''The Saturday Review'' (December 19, 1931) * "The Wreck of the Gravy Train", ''The New Republic'' (January 6, 1932) * "Second Person Singular" (Review), ''The Nation'' (March 9, 1932) * "Order and Disorder" (Review), ''The Saturday Review'' (March 12, 1932) * "The End of Tradition" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (March 30, 1932) * "Polishing Our Bicycles" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (April 6, 1932) * "Bronx Cheers" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (May 25, 1932) * "Class-Conscious Fiction" (Review), ''The Nation'' (May 25, 1932) * "This Side of Paradise" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (July 6, 1932) * "American Exile" (Review), ''The Nation'' (July 20, 1932) * "Men of the Sea" (Review), ''The Nation'' (August 10, 1932) * "The Importance of Henry James" (Review), ''The Nation'' (August 17, 1932) * "Mr. Eliot's Sunday Afternoon" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (September 14, 1932) * "Distinguished Tedium" (Review), ''The Nation'' (September 21, 1932) * "As I Like It" (Review), ''Scribners'' (October 1932) * "Mr. Waugh's Humor" (Review), ''The Nation'' (October 12, 1932) * "Effective Propaganda" (Review), ''The Nation'' (October 19, 1932) * "The Man of Order" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (October 26, 1932) * "The Man of Order" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (October 26, 1932) * "Outlook's Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (November 1932) * "As I Like It" (Review), ''Scribners'' (November 1932) * "Big Novelist" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (November 2, 1932) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (December 1932) * "Children's Books" (Review), ''Scribners'' (December 1932) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (January 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (February 1933) * "Some Recent Novels" (4 Reviews), ''The New Republic'' (February 8, 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (March 1933) * "Four Novelists of Tomorrow" (4 Reviews), ''The New Republic'' (March 8, 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (April 1933) * "Four Novels - Not Without Propaganda" (4 Reviews), ''The New Republic'' (April 12, 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (May 1933) * "Seventy-five Short Stories" (3 Reviews), ''The New Republic'' (May 31, 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (June 1933) * "Dramatists' Raw Material" (2 Reviews), ''The New Republic'' (June 28, 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (July 1933) * "The Social Novelist" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (July 5, 1933) * "The Rover Boys in Wall Street" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (July 12, 1933) * "Books and Reviews" (5 Reviews), ''The Outlook'' (August 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (August 1933) * "Love Among the Maggots" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (August 9, 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (September 1933) * "Outlook Book Choices of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (October 1933) * "The Search for a Hero" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (October 4, 1933) * "Can You Hear Their Voices?" (3 Reviews), ''The New Republic'' (October 18, 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (November 1933) * "Outstanding Books of the Year," ''The Outlook'' (December 1933) * "Exiles" (2 Reviews), ''The New Republic'' (December 13, 1933) * "Books in Review," ''The New Republic'' (December 27, 1933) * "Outlook Book Choice" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (January 1934) * "Books in Review," ''The New Republic'' (January 24, 1934) * "Books in Review," ''The New Republic'' (February 14, 1934) * "Books and Reviews" (4 Reviews), ''The Outlook'' (March 1934) * "Outlook Book Choice" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (March 1934) * "Books in Review," ''The New Republic'' (March 14, 1934) * "Outlook Book Choice" (Review), "The Outlook" (April 1934) * "Books and Reviews" (4 Reviews), ''The Outlook'' (May 1934) * "Outlook Book Choice" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (May 1934) * "Outlook Book Choice" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (June 1934) * Outlook Book Choice" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (July 1934) * "Books in Review: The Little Magazines," ''The New Republic'' (July 25, 1934) * "San Francisco: Act One," ''The New Republic'' (July 25, 1934) * "Outlook Book Choices," ''The Outlook'' (August 1934) * "War on the West Coast" (with Evelyn Seeley), ''The New Republic'' (August 1, 1934) * "Books and Reviews (3 Reviews), ''The Outlook'' (September 1934) * "Outlook Book Choice of the Month" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (September 1934) * "Outlook Book Choice" (8 Reviews), ''The Outlook'' (October 1934) * "Strikebreakers" (Review), ''The Saturday Review'' (October 20, 1934) * "Outlook Book Choice" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (November 1934) * "Books and Reviews" (2 Reviews), ''The Outlook'' (December 1934) * "Outlook Book Choice" (Review), ''The Outlook'' (December 1934) * "The Return of Henry James," ''The New Republic'' (December 12, 1934) * "Outstanding Books of the Year," ''The Outlook'' (January 1935) * "The Mystery of Popular Reading," ''The Outlook'' (April 1935) * "Bound Nowhere" (Review), ''The New Republic'' (April 10, 1935) * "Better News from California," ''The New Republic'' (May 22, 1935) * "Both Monologues" (2 Reviews), ''The New Republic'' )June 26, 1935) * "What the Working Class Reads," ''The New Republic'' (1935) * "The Communists and the CIO," ''The New Republic'' (1938) Cantwell wrote articles for ''TIME'' and ''Fortune'' magazines from 1935 to 1941. Cantwell wrote articles mostly for ''Sports Illustrated'' from 1956 to 1978.

References

External sources

Guide to the Robert Cantwell papers at the University of Oregon
* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Cantwell, Robert 20th-century American novelists 1908 births 1978 deaths American literary critics Novelists from Washington (state) University of Washington alumni American male novelists 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American non-fiction writers American male non-fiction writers People from Lewis County, Washington