Roads in Romania

Public roads in Romania are ranked according to importance and traffic as follows:
*motorways (autostradă – pl. autostrăzi) – colour: green; designation: A followed by one or two digits
*expressways (drum – pl. drumuri expres) – colour: red; designation: DX followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
*national road (drum național – pl. drumuri naționale) – colour: red; designation: DN followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
*county road (drum județean – pl. drumuri județene) – colour: blue; designation: DJ followed by three digits and an optional letter; unique numbers per county
*local road (drum – pl. drumuri comunale) – colour: yellow; designated DC followed by a number and an optional letter; unique numbers per county

Some of the national roads are part of the European route scheme. European routes passing through Romania: E58; E60; E70; E85; E79; E81; E68; E87 (Class A); E574; E576; E581; E583; E671; E771.

As of 31 December 2021, public roads totaled : 17,530 km (20.3%) national roads, 35,096 km (40.7%) county roads and 33,573 km (39%) local roads.

From the point of view of the type of cover, the structure of the public road network registers at the end of 2019 was: 38,166 km (44.2%) modernized roads (92.8% with asphalt pavements of heavy/medium type and 7.8% with concrete), 21,365 km (24.7%) with light asphalt road clothing, 17,831 km (20.6%) cobblestone roads and 9,021 km (10.5%) dirt roads. Of all cobblestone and dirt roads 73% are local roads.

Regarding the technical condition, 13,411 km (35.1%) of modernized roads and 9,217 km (43.1%) of roads with light road clothing have exceeded their "service life".

Motorways

Development of the overall length (at the end of):

Motorways are identified by A followed by a number. As of December 2022, Romania has 996 km of motorway in use, with another 199 km under construction. In recent years, a master plan for the national motorway network has been developed and many works have begun around the country, which will result in significant changes by 2015, and eventually by 2022.

There are few tolls for using roads in Romania. There is one at the Giurgeni – Vadu Oii Bridge over the river Danube on highway DN2A at Vadu Oii and one at the Cernavodă Bridge, on the A2 motorway, a 17 km long section between Fetești and Cernavodă which consists of two road/railway bridges. Nevertheless, every owner of a car that uses a motorway (A) or a national road (DN) in Romania must purchase a vignette (rovinietă) from any of the main petrol stations or at any post office throughout the country.

Expressways

Planned expressways according to CNADNR (Romanian National Company of Motorways and National Roads):

European routes

Total length of European routes in Romania at the end of 2019 is 6,176 km (3837.5 mi).

Class A

Map of European routes passing through Romania
* — (Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine) – Halmeu – Dej – Bistrița – Suceava – Botoșani – Târgu Frumos – Iași – Sculeni – (Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, Russia)
* — (France, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary) – Borș – Oradea – Cluj-Napoca – Turda – Târgu Mureș – Brașov – Ploiești – Bucharest – Urziceni – Slobozia – Constanța – (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, China)
* — (Hungary) – Nădlac – Arad – Deva – Sebeș – Miercurea Sibiului – Sibiu – Brașov
* — (Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia) – Timișoara – Drobeta-Turnu Severin – Craiova – Alexandria – Bucharest – Giurgiu – (Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia)
* — (Hungary) – Borș – Oradea – Beiuș – Deva – Petroșani – Târgu Jiu – Filiași – Craiova – Calafat – (Bulgaria, Greece)
* — (Ukraine) – Halmeu – Livada – Satu Mare – Zalău – Cluj-Napoca – Turda – Sebeș – Miercurea Sibiului – Sibiu – Pitești – Bucharest – Constanța
* — ( Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine) – Siret – Suceava – Roman – Bacău – Buzău – Urziceni – Bucharest – Giurgiu – (Bulgaria, Greece)
* — (Ukraine) – Galați – Brăila – Tulcea – Constanța – Vama Veche – (Bulgaria, Turkey)

Class B

* — Bacău – Onești – Târgu Secuiesc – Brașov – Pitești – Craiova
* — Cluj-Napoca – Dej
* — Slobozia – Brăila – Galați – (Republic of Moldova, Ukraine)
* — Sărățel – Reghin – Toplița – Gheorgheni – Miercurea Ciuc – Sfântu Gheorghe – Chichiș
* — Mărășești – Tecuci – Bârlad – Huși – Albița – (Republic of Moldova, Ukraine)
* — Săbăoani – Iași – Sculeni – (Republic of Moldova, Ukraine)
* — (Ukraine, Republica Moldova) – Galați – Slobozia
* — Timișoara – Arad – Oradea – Satu Mare – Livada
* — Lugoj – Deva
* — Constanța – Agigea – Negru Vodă – (Bulgaria)
* — Drobeta-Turnu Severin – Porțile de Fier – (Serbia)

National roads

Total length (including European routes and Highways) of National Roads in 2019 is 17,873 km (11105.77 mi), an increase from 17,272 km (10,732 mi) in 2015. The majority of National Roads (DN) are single carriageway, with only 12.5% being dual carriageway. A major problem being that many National Roads (drumuri naționale) have no ring roads around cities and towns, disrupting the traffic flow (i.e. making traffic condition more difficult).

In 2019 16,088 km (9,996 mi) of National Roads are asphalt concrete roads of heavy/medium type, 880 km (546.8 mi) concrete roads and 720 km (447 mi) of light asphalt road "clothing". 54.7% of heavy/medium roads and 79.4% of light asphalt roads have exceeded their "service life" and are in need of some form of repair or replacement.

Seven one-digit national roads start off in Bucharest in a radial pattern.

Trunk roads

Other national roads

County and local roads

In 2009, a total of of county roads (of which 24,100 km paved and 10,948 km gravel roads) and of local roads (of which 6,043 km paved and 24,119 km gravel roads) existed in Romania.

At the end of 2019 there are 35,083 km (21,799 mi) of county roads and 33,435 km (20,775 mi) of local roads.

County roads

Out of the 35,083 km: 13,810 km (39.4%) are asphalt concrete roads of heavy/medium type, 13,227 km (37.7%) light asphalt road "clothing", 956 km (2.7%) concrete roads, 5,310 km (15%) cobblestone roads and 1,706 km (4.8%) dirt roads. Regarding the technical condition, 23% of asphalt concrete roads of heavy/medium type and 48% of light asphalt roads have exceeded their "service life" and are in need of some form of repair or replacement.

Local roads

Out of the 33,435 km: 7,418 km (22.1%) are light asphalt road "clothing", 5,506 km (16.5%) asphalt concrete roads of heavy/medium type, 810 km (2.4%) concrete roads, 12,377 km (37%) cobblestone roads and 7,305 km (21.8%) dirt roads. Regarding technical condition, 31% of light asphalt roads and 10% of asphalt concrete roads of heavy/medium type have exceeded their "service life" and are in need of some form of repair or replacement.

References

{{Roads in Europe

Romania, Roads and Expressways
Roads
Roads