Rmanj Monastery
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The Rmanj Monastery ( sr, Манастир Рмањ, Manastir Rmanj) is a
Serbian Orthodox The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. The majority of the population in ...
monastery A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which ...
dedicated to
Saint Nicholas Saint Nicholas of Myra, ; la, Sanctus Nicolaus (traditionally 15 March 270 – 6 December 343), also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greeks, Greek descent from the maritime city of Myra in Asia Minor (; modern-da ...
and located in
Martin Brod Martin Brod (Serbian Cyrillic: Мартин Брод) is a village in the municipality of Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is mostly known for its proximity to Una National Park, which is Bosnia and Herzegovina's largest national park. Demogra ...
in north-western
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
, at the left bank of the Unac River near its confluence with the
Una Una and UNA may refer to: Places * 160 Una, the asteroid "Una", an asteroid named after the Faerie Queene character * Una River (disambiguation), numerous rivers * Una, Himachal Pradesh, a town in India ** Una, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constit ...
. The exact year of its construction cannot be determined, though the Rmanj Monastery is the westernmost Serbian Orthodox monastery at the end of the 16th century.The monastery was founded before 1443, when it was first mentioned.


History

The exact year of the Rmanj monastery cannot be determined, although it was the westernmost Serbian Orthodox monastery at the end of the 16th century. The first reliable information about the existence of the Rmanj monastery is from 1443, at the time of the Serbian migrations due to Turkish pressure, in which the monks from the monastery also participated. The mention of Rmanj monks in the Kruševo monument (end of the 15th century) is the oldest written trace of that monastery, as well as the mention of the Rmanj monastery from 1498, when dukes Petar, Petrašanin and Vukodrag paid for the creation of the icon of the Virgin with Christ, intended for the Rmanj monastery. In the summer of 1515, a silver ark was forged in it by the efforts of the elder Makari, a large silver chalice, and a large silver censer from 1516. Rmanj was the seat of the Metropolitanate of Dabro Bosnia in the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century. During that time, ten metropolitans served in it. After the conquest of this area by the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
, the monastery was temporarily abandoned in 1578. The Bosnian Beylerbeg Teli Hasan Pasha had the Rmanj monastery rebuilt as the seat of his brother, the Orthodox monk Gavrilo Predojević. At the beginning of the 17th century, it became the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosnia and remained in that capacity for about 110 years. After the Turks burned down the monastery in 1663, it was later rebuilt and occupied again in 1737. It was burned again during the Austro-Turkish War of 1787–1791. The Ottoman authorities allowed the rebuilding of the monastery in 1863, and it was rebuilt in two years. It was badly damaged during the anti-Ottoman uprising in Bosnia in 1875 and 1876. The following year,
Arthur Evans Sir Arthur John Evans (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British archaeologist and pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age. He is most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete. Based on t ...
visited Rmanj (which he wrote as "Ermanja") and in one of his letters described the damage done to the monastery church by troops under the leadership of a Bosnian Muslim feudal lord. The monastery was repaired again in 1883. In
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, a field hospital of the
Yugoslav Partisans The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: , or the National Liberation Army, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); mk, Народноослобод ...
was organised at the monastery. For this reason, it was bombed by the Germans and completely destroyed on 23 April 1944. In 1974, authorities of the
Socialist Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II in Yugoslavia, World War II, and ...
allowed the renovation of the monastery. Its church was completed in the 1980s, and the foundation of the monks' dormitory was consecrated in 1993. In 1995, during the Croatian Army's
Operation Storm }) was the last major battle of the Croatian War of Independence and a major factor in the outcome of the Bosnian War. It was a decisive victory for the Croatian Army (HV), which attacked across a front against the self-declared proto-state R ...
, the monastery was shelled and badly damaged. Afterwards, Croatian soldiers mined the monastery's church, but the mines were removed by British soldiers of the
SFOR The Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (SFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Bosnian war. Although SFOR was led by NATO, several non-NATO countries contributed troops. It ...
. The dormitory was completed in 2006, and in the following year, the monastery was inhabited by three monks. In 2007, the Rmanj Monastery was proclaimed by KONS a
National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina The National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina include: * sites, places, immovable and movable heritage of historical and cultural importance, as designated by the Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the basis ...
.


Footnotes


Bibliography

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External links


Official website of the Rmanj Monastery
{{Coord, 44.492878, N, 16.143320, E, type:landmark, display=title Serbian Orthodox monasteries in Bosnia and Herzegovina National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina Attacks on religious buildings and structures during the Bosnian War 16th-century Serbian Orthodox church buildings Christian monasteries established in the 16th century 16th-century establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina Rebuilt churches in Bosnia and Herzegovina Destroyed Christian monasteries Attacks on religious buildings and structures during World War II