Riobamba, Ecuador

Riobamba (, full name San Pedro de Riobamba; Quechua: ''Rispampa'') is the capital of Chimborazo Province in central Ecuador, and is located in the Chambo River Valley of the Andes. It is south of Ecuador's capital Quito and located at an elevation of 2,754 m.

The city is an important regional transport center and a stop on the Pan-American Highway, which runs through Ecuador. Riobamba is one of the largest cities in the central portion of Ecuador's Sierra region.

Name

Riobamba takes its name from a combination of ''rio'', the Spanish word for "river", and ''rispampa'', the Quechua word for "plain."

History

The region surrounding Riobamba was inhabited by the Puruhá nation before the advance of the Inca Empire during the late 15th century. The Puruha fiercely resisted the Inca efforts to conquer the north of today's Ecuador. The Inca Huayna Capac had to make an alliance in order to pacify the tribes who sided with Condorazo, the general of the Puruha nation.

He allied with the Schyris confederation, also known as the Caran-Quitu people, believed to have developed the Kingdom of Quito in the northern Andes. The 18th-century Jesuit historian Juan de Velasco described this confederation as a group of tribes ruled by the Duchicela dynasty. Huayna Capac took the princess Paccha as his wife and gave special treatment and social status privileges to the higher castes of these new subjects. The son of this alliance was Atahualpa, who served as the last king of the Inca.

Following the Spanish invasion and conquest of the Inca and their allies, Riobamba was founded on 15 August 1534 in the San Miguel plains by Diego de Almagro. It is considered the first city to be established in what is modern-day Ecuador.Leon, P., 1998, ''The Discovery and Conquest of Peru, Chronicles of the New World Encounter,'' edited and translated by Cook and Cook, Durham: Duke University Press, In 1563, the city became part of the Spanish Empire's newly formed Royal Audience of Quito.

Although the city was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1797, it was rebuilt a few years later from its original location. The second site was near a village named Cajabamba on the plains of San Antonio de Aguíscate. The city still retains much architecture from the Spanish colonial period.

In the Ecuadorian War of Independence, Riobamba first declared independence on November 11, 1820, but was soon retaken by Crown forces. In 1822 the city became part of Gran Colombia, which gained independence from Spain that year. In 1830 the Republic of Ecuador established its own independence as a nation.

20th century to present

The Monumental Raúl Dávalos, a 13,000-person capacity bullring, opened here in 1952. In 2011 the nation voted by referendum to prohibit matadors killing the bulls in such '' corridas'', a policy also followed by Portugal. This has resulted in a dramatic decline in related tourism, with a substantial loss in revenues, especially in Quito.

On 20 November 2002, seven people were killed and hundreds wounded from a series of explosions at the munitions depot at the Galapagos Brigade arsenal in Riobamba. Such was the force of the explosion that many residents said they first thought there had been an earthquake or volcanic eruption. Windows were blown out more than 1.5 kilometres from the arsenal, and many of the injured suffered lacerations from flying shards of glass.

According to Colonel Arturo Cadena, a military spokesman in Quito, the initial explosion occurred during maintenance work inside the dump. In April 2003, the army published its final investigatory report of the explosion. It concluded that the Santa Barbara munitions factory was directly responsible for the explosion, which the army classified as an accident.

Geography

Riobamba is located in the center of the country in the sierra region, in close proximity to the Chimborazo volcano. Like many cities in Ecuador, Riobamba has a near constant temperature year-round, with a wet and dry season. Its altitude (2754 m) and closeness to Chimborazo give the city a cool climate year-round, with temperatures averaging between 23 °C and 14 °C.

Economy

The economy of the city is based on the agricultural production of the surrounding local populations. Riobamba is also an important trade center of cattle-ranching.

The city has an open-air market where indigenous artisans display and sell their wares. They make products such as handwoven as textiles, handicrafts, leather goods, beer, and dairy products.

Education

Universities include Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo which is the best in the city, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, and Instituto Tecnologico superior Isabel de Godin.

Cityscape

Riobamba is a mid-level city in Ecuador, and the tenth largest in terms of population. It is the urban center of the Riobamba canton. Its historic center that has a number of well-preserved churches.

Festivals

The main celebration in Riobamba is Fiesta del Niño Rey de Reyes, which starts in December and ends on January 6, Epiphany. Another celebration is Riobamba's Independence Day on 21 April.

Museums

* Arte Religioso de la Concepción
This museum has a gem-encrusted gold monstrance. The art included in this religious collection is from the 18th century.
* Museum Córdoba Román
The Cordoba Roman family established a private collection consisting of ancient art, archaeological pieces, documents, and other possessions. They donated it to Riobamba municipality as the basis of a city museum.
* Armas
It exhibits a wide selection of arms and uniforms. It also has religious materials from various epochs of Ecuador's history. It is located on Ave. Héroes de Tapi.
* Casa de Bolívar
* Antropológico del Banco Central
* Museum y Centro Cultural Riobamba del Banco Central
* Museum "Paquita Jaramillo"
* Museum "Cultural Fernando Daquilema"
* Museum Didáctico de Ciencias Naturales, at Pedro Vicente Maldonado high school

Sports

Riobamba is the home city of one top-level football club, Centro Deportivo Olmedo.

Cockfights are usually seen during Riobamba's festivities and on weekends at the Gallera San Francisco.

Riobamba is the trekking and mountain climbing capital of Ecuador. It is the base city for climbs of Carihuairazo, Chimborazo, Sangay, El Altar, and the Lost Pyramid of Puñay. Mountain biking is another common sport.

A traditional ball game in Riobamba is the ''mamona'', which is played with a leather ball. Local men and youths usually play it in the afternoons at the Plaza Roja.

CENAEST has temperate swimming pools and a spa that attract many tourists.

Sightseeing

A scenic train ride (''Nariz Del Diablo'') leaves Riobamba three times a week, passing the Devil's Nose and Alausí round trip, with zig-zags. Before 2009 passengers were permitted to sit on the roof, but this practice has been prohibited for safety reasons.

Notable natives and residents

* Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1704–1748) – scientist, astronomer, mathematician, topographer, geographer
* Magdalena Dávalos y Maldonado (1725–1806) – scholar and literary figure, painter, musician
* Juan de Velasco (1727–1792) – Jesuit priest, historian, professor, poet, writer
* Luz Elisa Borja Martínez (1903–1927) – poet, pianist, painter, and sculptor
* Luis A Costales (1926–2006) – poet, philosopher, speaker, historian, and politician
* María Murgueytio (1927–2016) – first woman in Ecuador to hold a mayoral office
* Pacifico Chiriboga (1810–1886) – early Ecuadorean politician
* Bolívar Echeverría (1941–2010) – philosopher, economist, cultural critic
* Euler Granda (1935–2018) – poet, writer, psychiatrist
* Oswaldo Moncayo (1923–1984) – painter
* Oswaldo Muñoz Mariño (1923–2016) – architect, painter

Gallery

File:Catedral Riobamba.jpg, Cathedral
File:Iglesia de la Concepción Riobamba.jpg, Iglesia de la Concepción
File:Loma de Quito.jpg, Loma de Quito's Church
File:EL CHIMBORAZO.jpg, The Chimborazo volcano
File:Neptuno riobamba.JPG, Neptuno
File:LOS ALTARES.JPG, Los Altares
File:Ecuador Riobamba ParqueMaldonada.JPG, Maldonado's Park
File:Monumento Luis Alberto Costales.jpg, Luis Costales monument
File:Riobamba.png, “ Riobamba, la bella, grande y noble, ha sido y es gloria y fortuna, para quienes nacieron en ella. “ - Luis A Costales

References

External links

Official website of the municipality Gadm Riobamba (In Spanish)

Riobamba area map

Riobamba City Guide

{{Authority control

Populated places in Chimborazo Province
Provincial capitals in Ecuador
Populated places established in 1534
1534 establishments in the Spanish Empire
Riobamba Canton