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The Rhinophrynidae are a family of frogs containing one extant genus, the
The Rhinophrynidae are a family of frogs containing one extant genus, the monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...
'' Rhinophrynus'', and a number of fossil genera. The family is sometimes known as the Mexican burrowing toads or simply burrowing toads.
''Rhinophrynus'' occurs in the Central America north from Costa Rica to Mexico and Texas. Fossil finds of Rhinophrynidae come from Mexico, the United States, and Canada. ''Rhinophrynus'' is a burrowing ant and termite eater.
Systematics
The Rhinophrynidae are thesister taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
Definition
The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram:
Taxon A and ...
of the Pipidae
The Pipidae are a family of primitive, tongueless frogs. The 41 species in the family Pipidae are found in tropical South America (genus ''Pipa'') and sub-Saharan Africa (the three other genera).
Description
Pipid frogs are highly aquatic and ...
. The clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English ter ...
formed by these two genera is sometimes referred to as Xenoanura or superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
Pipoidea.
Genera
Extant genera: * '' Rhinophrynus'' or ''Mexican burrowing toad
This frog belongs to the Family ''Rhinophrynidae'' and Genus Rhinophrynus. Rhinophrynus dorsalis is the only living representation of the family Rhinophrynidae. This family is also known as the burrowing toads, and is evidently a small and specia ...
''
Fossil genera:
* †'' Chelomophrynus'' Henrici 1991 Wagon Bed Formation, Wyoming United States, Eocene
* †'' Eorhinophrynus'' Hecht 1959 Polecat Bench Formation, Wyoming, United States, Paleocene
* †''Rhadinosteus
''Rhadinosteus parvus'' (meaning "long slender bone") is an extinct species of prehistoric frogs that lived during the Late Jurassic.Foster, J. (2007). "''Rhadinosteus parvus''." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their ...
'' Henrici 1998 Morrison Formation
The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America. It is composed of mudstone, sandstone, siltston ...
, Utah, United States, Late Jurassic
The affinity of ''Eorhinophrynus'' is uncertain.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3429460 Amphibian families Late Jurassic first appearances Taxa named by Albert Günther