Rhesaina (Rhesaena) ( grc, Ρέσαινα and Ρεσαίνα) was a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

in the late

Roman province The Roman provinces (Latin: ''provincia'', pl. ''provinciae'') were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was rule ...

Mesopotamia Secunda Mesopotamia was the name of a Roman province, initially a short-lived creation of the Roman emperor Trajan in 116–117 and then re-established by Emperor Septimius Severus in c. 198. Control of the province was subsequently fought over be ...

and a bishopric that was a suffragan of Dara. Rhesaina (Rhesaena, Resaena – numerous variations of the name appear in ancient authors) was an important town at the northern extremity of

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia ''Mesopotamíā''; ar, بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن or ; syc, ܐܪܡ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ, or , ) is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the ...

, near the sources of the Chaboras (now the Khabur River. It was on the way from Carrhae to

Nicephorium Raqqa ( ar, ٱلرَّقَّة, ar-Raqqah, also and ) ( Kurdish: Reqa/ ڕەقە) is a city in Syria on the northeast bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo. It is located east of the Tabqa Dam, Syria's largest dam. The Hellenistic, ...

, about eighty miles from

Nisibis Nusaybin (; '; ar, نُصَيْبِيْن, translit=Nuṣaybīn; syr, ܢܨܝܒܝܢ, translit=Nṣībīn), historically known as Nisibis () or Nesbin, is a city in Mardin Province, Turkey. The population of the city is 83,832 as of 2009 and is ...

and forty from Dara. Nearby, Gordian III fought the Persians in 243, at the

battle of Resaena The Battle of Resaena or Resaina, near present-day Ceylanpınar, Turkey, was fought in 243 between the forces of the Roman Empire, led by the Emperor Gordian III and the Praetorian Prefect Timesitheus against the Sasanian Empire's forces du ...

. It is now Ra's al-'Ayn,

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

. Its

coin A coin is a small, flat (usually depending on the country or value), round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order ...

s show that it was a

Roman colony A Roman (plural ) was originally a Roman outpost established in conquered territory to secure it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of a Roman city. It is also the origin of the modern term '' colony''. Character ...

from the time of

Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus (; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna (present-day Al-Khums, Libya) in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the customary suc ...

. The ''

Notitia Dignitatum The ''Notitia Dignitatum'' (Latin for "The List of Offices") is a document of the late Roman Empire that details the administrative organization of the Western and the Eastern Roman Empire. It is unique as one of very few surviving documents o ...

'' (ed. Boecking, I, 400) represents it as under the jurisdiction of the governor or Dux of Osrhoene. Hierocles ('' Synecdemus'', 714, 3) also locates it in this province but under the name of Theodosiopolis (Θεοδοσιούπολις); it had in fact obtained the favour of

Theodosius the Great Theodosius I ( grc-gre, Θεοδόσιος ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. During his reign, he succeeded in a crucial war against the Goths, as well as in two ...

and taken his name. It was fortified by

Justinian Justinian I (; la, Iustinianus, ; grc-gre, Ἰουστινιανός ; 48214 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565. His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized '' renova ...

. In 1393 it was nearly destroyed by Tamerlane's troops.

Bishops

Rhesaina was also the site of a Bishopric. The

Diocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associ ...

of Rhesaina is today a suppressed and

titular see A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbi ...

of the

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

in the

episcopal province Episcopal may refer to: *Of or relating to a bishop, an overseer in the Christian church *Episcopate, the see of a bishop – a diocese *Episcopal Church (disambiguation), any church with "Episcopal" in its name ** Episcopal Church (United Stat ...

Le Quien mentions nine bishops of Rhesaena:

Roman bishops

*Antiochus, present at the First Council of Nicaea (325); *Eunomius, who (about 420) forced the Persians to raise the siege of the town; *John, at the Council of Antioch (444); *Olympius, at the

Council of Chalcedon The Council of Chalcedon (; la, Concilium Chalcedonense), ''Synodos tēs Chalkēdonos'' was the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian Church. It was convoked by the Roman emperor Marcian. The council convened in the city of Chalcedon, B ...

(451); *Andrew (about 490); *Peter, exiled with Sevenian (518); *Ascholius, his successor, a Monophysite; *Daniel (550); *Sebastianus (about 600), a correspondent of Gregory the Great.

Middle Ages

The see is again mentioned in the 10th century in a Greek '' Notitia episcopatuum'' of the Patriarchate of Antioch (Vailhé, in "Échos d'Orient", X, 94). Le Quien (ibid., 1329 and 1513) mentions two Jacobite bishops: Scalita, author of a

hymn A hymn is a type of song, and partially synonymous with devotional song, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. The word ''hymn ...

and of homilies, and Theodosius (1035). About a dozen others are known.

Titular bishops

*Joseph-Louis Coudé,(15 Jan 1782 Appointed – 8 Jan 1785)Rhesaina
at catholic-hierarchy.org. * Alexander MacDonell (12 Jan 1819 Appointed – 27 Jan) *Antonio Maria de J. Campos Moreno (19 Dec 1834 – 12 Jan 1851) *

Francis McNeirny Francis McNeirny (April 25, 1828 – January 2, 1894) was an American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Albany from 1877 until his death in 1894. Biography Francis S. McNeirny was born in New York City, and receiv ...

(22 Dec 1871 – 12 Oct 1877 *Tommaso Bichi (16 Dec 1880 – 1901) *Domenico Scopelliti (15 Dec 1919 – 16 Apr 1922) *Vicente Huarte y San Martín (26 Apr 1922 – 23 Aug 1935) *Joseph Gjonali (Gionali) (30 Oct 1935 – 20 Dec 1952) *Gerardo Valencia Cano, (24 Mar 1953 – 21 Jan 1972)

References

;Attribution * The entry cites: **''Revue de l'Orient chrét.'' VI (1901), 203; ** D'Herbelot, Bibl. orientale, I, 140; III, 112; **

Carl Ritter Carl Ritter (August 7, 1779September 28, 1859) was a German geographer. Along with Alexander von Humboldt, he is considered one of the founders of modern geography. From 1825 until his death, he occupied the first chair in geography at the Univer ...

, ''Erdkunde'', XI, 375; ** William Smith, '' Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography'', s. v., with bibliography of ancient authors; **Müller, notes on Ptolemy, ed. Didot, I, 1008; **Chapot, ''La frontière de l'Euphrate de Pompée à la conquête arabe'' (Paris, 1907). 302. {{coord, 36, 51, 1.08, N, 40, 4, 14.16, E, display=title Catholic titular sees in Asia Roman sites in Syria Populated places of the Byzantine Empire Coloniae (Roman)