Revolution Day is an official Mexican government holiday, celebrated annually in

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

on November 20, marking the start of what became the Mexican Revolution.

History

The Mexican Revolution brought the overthrow of liberal Army general Porfirio Díaz after 35 years as president of Mexico (1876-1911). In the 1910 presidential election, wealthy landowner

Francisco I. Madero Francisco Ignacio Madero González (; 30 October 1873 – 22 February 1913) was a Mexican businessman, revolutionary, writer and statesman, who became the 37th president of Mexico from 1911 until he was deposed in a coup d'etat in February 1 ...

opposed Díaz. Díaz jailed Madero, who then escaped, issuing the

Plan of San Luis Potosí 230px, Francisco I. Madero, future President of Mexico The Plan of San Luis de Potosí () is a key political document of the Mexican Revolution, written by Mexican presidential candidate Francisco I. Madero, following his escape from jail. He ...

on October 6, 1910. In that plan, Madero declared the results of the 1910 election fraudulent, nullified them, asserted that he was provisional president, and called for Mexicans to rise up against Díaz on November 20, 1910.Stuart F. Voss, "Plan of San Luis Potosí". ''Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture'' vol. 4, p. 421. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. He wrote "Throw the usurpers from power, recover your rights as free men, and remember that our ancestors left us a heritage of glory which we are not able to stain. Be as they were: invincible in war, magnanimous in victory." Plaza de la República - 2

The commemoration is celebrated in Mexico as an official holiday. Until 2006 and again from 2009 to 2013 the national celebrations were located at the Zocalo in Mexico City. Given the recent political and national tragedies that happened in 2014 the parades were called off at the aftermath of the

2014 Iguala mass kidnapping On September 26, 2014, forty-three male students disappeared from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College after being forcibly abducted in Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico. They were allegedly taken into custody by local police officers from Iguala an ...

, (this was the case also in 2015), and the celebrations happened in the Campo Marte in the capital, thus pushing the national parade up to November 23, Navy Day, with only Mexican Navy personnel in attendance. Thus the national November 20 parades, during the remaining years of the

Enrique Peña Nieto Enrique Peña Nieto (; born 20 July 1966), commonly referred to by his initials EPN, is a Mexican politician who served as the 64th president of Mexico from 1 December 2012 to 30 November 2018. A member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party ...

presidency, had now been replaced by state level ones, which have been held in major cities all over the nation as per tradition, but in a reduced basis, given recent cancellations due to protest actions on the said date in several state capitals. During the presidency of

Andrés Manuel López Obrador Andrés Manuel López Obrador (; born 13 November 1953), also known by his initials AMLO, is a Mexican politician who has been serving as the 65th president of Mexico since 1 December 2018. He previously served as Head of Government of Mex ...

, the traditional civil-military-athletic parade was finally reinstated in 2019. Monumento_a_la_Revolución2

The first crucial revolution during the 20th century was the Mexican Revolution.Green, Susan Marie. "Mexican Revolution." ''Multicultural America'': ''A Multimedia Encyclopedia'', edited by Carlos E. Cortés and Jane E. Sloan, vol. 3, SAGE Reference, 2014, pp. 1453-1455. ''Gale eBooks'', https://link-gale-com.butte.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/CX3718500587/GPS?u=orov49112&sid=GPS&xid=9d559bec. Accessed 27 Sept. 2019. The Mexican Revolution drove many Mexicans to migrate to America. This greatly affected many Mexican Americans as well as the United States. Around 1 million legal migrants entered the United States throughout the revolution along with many other undocumented migrants. This occurred four years before the introduction of a patrol between the borders. The constitution created in 1917, in response to the revolution, established limits on the period of time politicians could be in power."Mexican Revolution." ''Worldmark Modern Conflict and Diplomacy'', edited by Elizabeth P. Manar, vol. 2: Japanese Invasion of China to Yugoslav Wars, Gale, 2014, pp. 376-381. ''Gale eBooks'', https://link-gale-com.butte.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/CX3784400067/GPS?u=orov49112&sid=GPS&xid=d39922ad. Accessed 27 Sept. 2019. The Constitution also included labor reform laws that covered 8 hour workdays, abolished child labor, and established equal pay.

Date

Article 74 of the Mexican labor law (''Ley Federal del Trabajo'') provides that the third Monday of November (regardless the date) will be the official Day of the Revolution holiday in Mexico. This was a modification of the law made in 2005, effective since 2006; before then, it was November 20 regardless of the day, and all schools gave extended holidays if the day was a Tuesday or Thursday.

References

{{Clear Public holidays in Mexico Fiestas Patrias (Mexico) Mexican Revolution 1910 in Mexico Recurring events established in 1910 November observances Festivals established in 1910 Autumn events in Mexico

History

Date

See also

References