Rembrandt Peale (February 22, 1778 – October 3, 1860) was an American artist and museum keeper. A prolific portrait painter, he was especially acclaimed for his likenesses of presidents

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of ...

and

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 18 ...

. Peale's style was influenced by French

Neoclassicism Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism) was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Neoclassicism ...

after a stay in Paris in his early thirties.

Biography

Rembrandt Peale was born the third of six surviving children (11 had died) to his mother, Rachel Brewer, and father,

Charles Willson Peale Charles Willson Peale (April 15, 1741 – February 22, 1827) was an American Painting, painter, soldier, scientist, inventor, politician and naturalist. He is best remembered for his portrait paintings of leading figures of the American Revolu ...

, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, on February 22, 1778. The father, Charles, also a notable artist, named him after the noted 17th-century Dutch painter and engraver

Rembrandt Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (, ; 15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669), usually simply known as Rembrandt, was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker and draughtsman. An innovative and prolific master in three media, he is generally cons ...

Harmenszoon van Rijn. His father also taught all of his children, including

Raphaelle Peale Raphaelle Peale (sometimes spelled Raphael Peale) (February 17, 1774 – March 4, 1825) is considered the first professional American painter of still-life. Biography Peale was born in Annapolis, Maryland, the fifth child, though eldest survivin ...

Rubens Peale Rubens Peale (May 4, 1784 – July 17, 1865) was an American museum administrator and artist. Born in Philadelphia, he was the son of artist-naturalist Charles Willson Peale. Due to his weak eyesight, he did not practice painting seriously until ...

and

Titian Peale Titian Ramsay Peale (November 2, 1799 – March 13, 1885) was an American artist, naturalist, and explorer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a scientific illustrator whose paintings and drawings of wildlife are known for their beauty an ...

, to paint scenery and portraiture, and tutored Rembrandt in the arts and sciences. Rembrandt began drawing at the age of eight. A year after his mother's death and the remarriage of his father, Peale left the school of the arts, and completed his first self-portrait at the age of 13. The canvas displays the young artist's early mastery. The clothes, however, give the notion that Peale exaggerated what a 13-year-old would look like, and Peale's hair curls like the hair of a Renaissance angel. Later in his life, Peale "often showed this painting to young beginners, to encourage them to go from 'bad' to better..." In July 1787, Charles Willson Peale introduced his son Rembrandt to George Washington, and the young aspirant artist watched his father paint the future president. In 1795, at the age of 17, Rembrandt painted an aging Washington, making him appear far more aged than in reality. The portrait was well received, and Rembrandt had made his debut. At the age of 20, Peale married 22-year-old Eleanor May Short (1776–1836) at St. Joseph's Catholic Church in Philadelphia. During their marriage, Peale and Short had nine children: Rosalba, Eleanor, Michael Angelo, Angelica, and Emma Clara among them. In 1840, he married Harriet Cany (1799–1869), one of his pupils and an artist in her own right. In 1822, Peale moved to New York City, where he embarked on an attempt to paint what he hoped would become the "standard likeness" of Washington. He studied portraits by other artists including

John Trumbull John Trumbull (June 6, 1756November 10, 1843) was an American artist of the early independence period, notable for his historical paintings of the American Revolutionary War, of which he was a veteran. He has been called the "Painter of the Re ...

Gilbert Stuart Gilbert Charles Stuart ( Stewart; December 3, 1755 – July 9, 1828) was an American painter from Rhode Island Colony who is widely considered one of America's foremost portraitists. His best-known work is an unfinished portrait of George Washi ...

and his own father, as well as his own 1795 picture which had never truly satisfied him. His resulting work ''Patriae Pater'', completed in 1824, depicts Washington through an oval window, and is considered by many to be second only to Gilbert Stuart's iconic Athenaeum painting of the first president. Peale subsequently attempted to capitalize on the success of what quickly became known as his "Porthole" picture. ''Patriae Pater'' (Latin for "Father of Our Country") was purchased by Congress in 1832 for $2,000. It currently hangs in the Old Senate Chamber. In 1826 he helped found the

National Academy of Design The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the ...

in New York City. Peale went on to create over 70 detailed replicas, including one of Washington in full military uniform that currently hangs in the

Oval Office The Oval Office is the formal working space of the President of the United States. Part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, it is located in the West Wing of the White House, in Washington, D.C. The oval-shaped roo ...

. Peale continued to paint other noted portraits, such as those of the third president Thomas Jefferson while he was in office (1805), and later on a portrait of Chief Justice

John Marshall John Marshall (September 24, 1755July 6, 1835) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 until his death in 1835. He remains the longest-serving chief justice and fourth-longes ...

Travels

Noted for his "itinerant" nature, Peale visited Europe several times to study art (Ward). Throughout his life, Peale traveled across the western hemisphere in search of inspiration and opportunities as an artist. His father helped pay his way to Paris, where he stayed from June to September 1808, and again from October 1809 to November 1810. In Paris, Peale studied the works of

Jacques-Louis David Jacques-Louis David (; 30 August 1748 – 29 December 1825) was a French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era. In the 1780s, his cerebral brand of history painting marked a change in taste away f ...

, which influenced him to paint in the Neoclassical style. He painted the famous explorer

Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister ...

and several other noted patrons such as

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (, , ; 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a French chemist and physicist. He is known mostly for his discovery that water is made of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen (with Alexander von Humboldt), for two laws ...

and

François André Michaux François André Michaux (16 August 1770 – 23 October 1855) was a French botanist, son of André Michaux and the namesake of Michaux State Forest in Pennsylvania. Michaux ''père'' botanized in North America for nearly a dozen years (1785 ...

. After his successes in France, Peale returned to Philadelphia in 1810. His efforts to establish his knowledge and mastery of art were displayed in his painting ''The Roman Daughter'' (1811). The painting depicts a young girl shielding her father, a prisoner in chains, and feeding him from her breast, the emblem of "

Roman Charity Roman Charity ( la, Caritas romana; it, Carità Romana) is the Exemplum, exemplary story of a woman, Pero, who secretly breastfeeding, breastfeeds her father, Cimon, after he is incarcerated and sentenced to death by starvation. History The s ...

" reported in the pages of Pliny. It was deemed too "sensational" by the people of Philadelphia, who were unsympathetic to his endeavors toward "improving the state of fine arts in America" in the 19th century. Amid the economic hardship of the

War of 1812 The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It be ...

, President Jefferson—who promised to buy the 1795 portrait of Washington, but could not keep his promise—instead encouraged Peale to go to Europe, as "we have genius among us but no unemployed wealth to reward it".

Peale's Baltimore Museum

Rembrandt Peale - Rubens Peale with a Geranium - Google Art Project

Motivated by his father's establishment of the American Museum of Philadelphia (1786) and having been unsuccessful in Philadelphia, Rembrandt Peale assumed his father's role in another city. On August 15, 1814, Peale launched his first museum as soon as he arrived in the municipality of

Baltimore Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was ...

, Maryland on Holliday Street between East Saratoga and Lexington Streets, the first building constructed in America to serve as a museum. It later served as the second Baltimore City Hall, 1830–1875; a "Colored" primary, grammar, and high school, part of Baltimore's segregated public school system, 1878–1889; and was restored in 1931 as the Municipal Museum of the City of Baltimore. Renovated and restored again in 1981, it reopened with a groundbreaking interpretive history exhibition, "Rowhouse: A Baltimore Style of Living." In 1985, the Municipal Museum, which had grown to five sites (Peale Museum, Carroll Mansion, 1840 House, Baltimore Center for Urban Archaeology, and H.L. Mencken House) was renamed Baltimore City Life Museums. It closed in 1997, a year after opening a new 30,000sf exhibition center. The museum was elaborately illuminated by gas light, following the example of his brother

Rubens Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; ; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium). He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque traditio ...

in Philadelphia. This innovation made a great impression. Peale had acquired an important gas lighting patent, and with some associates founded the successful Gas Light Company of Baltimore. Having poor business sense, though, he did little to manage the company and was forced out after a few years due to the War of 1812. In 1828, an ambitious Peale raised funds and tried earning money for his previous paintings, in order to travel to Rome. He took along his 15-year-old son, Michael Angelo, a determined young artist who copied his father's paintings in admiration. Peale successfully displayed portraits of

Horatio Greenough Horatio Greenough (September 6, 1805 – December 18, 1852) was an American sculptor best known for his United States government commissions '' The Rescue'' (1837–50), ''George Washington'' (1840), and ''The Discovery of America'' (1840–4 ...

and Washington as ''Patriæ Pater'' in the Florentine academy. At the age of 82, Peale died on June 12, 1860, in Philadelphia and is buried at Woodlands Cemetery in West Philadelphia.

Works

Exhibited and discussed in "In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale 1778–1860," Washington D.C., National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian institution, 1992–93, The portrait of Margaret Irvine Miller exemplifies Peale's ability to convey a story and capture character through taking liberty with the way in which he portrayed his sitters. Mrs. Miller, by birth working-class, later raised her position in Philadelphia society. Though her clothing is aristocratic, Mrs. Miller's pose and gaze are those of a straightforward, working-class woman. The subtle juxtaposition is masterfully captured in the finest of terms. In 1801, Peale painted a portrait of his brother

, youngest of the six Peale children, who always had an admiration for gardening and tending to natural life. Peale seated his brother next to a

geranium ''Geranium'' is a genus of 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as geraniums or cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, but mostly i ...

. The painting signifies the artist's admiration for a sibling's love of nature, and may have been inspired by the Dutch 17th-century artist,

David Teniers the Younger David Teniers the Younger or David Teniers II (bapt. 15 December 1610 – 25 April 1690) was a Flemish Baroque painter, printmaker, draughtsman, miniaturist painter, staffage painter, copyist and art curator. He was an extremely versatile ar ...

, who had painted a series of oil-on-copper paintings representing the five senses. His painting, ''Smell'' is quite similar to Rembrandt Peale's. Rembrandt's piece captures the essence of a young gardener/artist's peace of mind, gracefully looking out, a posture of wonder and calmness. In 1824, Peale painted the ''Patriæ Pater'', in which a rectangle supporting an oval wreath surrounds the eye-catching image of George Washington. The most successful painting of Peale's 50-year career, it inspired

to have his portrait done by Peale in the same fashion. The painting was criticized as lacking authenticity, as it was not completed until after Washington's death (1799). Nonetheless, Peale received commendations for his portrait by many noted politicians such as Washington's nephew, Judge

Bushrod Washington Bushrod Washington (June 5, 1762 – November 26, 1829) was an American attorney and politician who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1798 to 1829. On the Supreme Court, he was a staunch ally of Ch ...

, who was an associate U.S. Supreme Court Justice, and Marshall. Peale's neoclassical painting ''The Roman Daughter'' demonstrates compassion and graceful defense; his copy of

Correggio Antonio Allegri da Correggio (August 1489 – 5 March 1534), usually known as just Correggio (, also , , ), was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Italian Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sens ...

's Angel, and his immense allegorical painting, '' Court of Death'' (1820), reveal the same artistic style.

Legacy

Rembrandt Peale completed more than 600 paintings. He painted portraits of many notable people, including American presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, Chief Justice John Marshall, and John C. Calhoun. His paintings are in many public collections.

Collections

Rembrandt Peale - Portrait of Rosalba Peale - Google Art Project

Rembrandt Peale - Portrait of Edward Shippen Burd of Philadelphia - Google Art Project

The following is a partial list of collections holding works by Rembrandt Peale: *Washington, D.C.: National Museum of American Art and National Portrait Gallery, The

Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Found ...

*Baltimore, Maryland: The Peale Museum,

Baltimore Museum of Art The Baltimore Museum of Art (BMA) in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, is an art museum that was founded in 1914. The BMA's collection of 95,000 objects encompasses more than 1,000 works by Henri Matisse anchored by the Cone Collection of ...

, Maryland Historical Society,

Walters Art Museum The Walters Art Museum, located in Mount Vernon-Belvedere, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, is a public art museum founded and opened in 1934. It holds collections established during the mid-19th century. The museum's collection was amassed ...

*Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania,

Atwater Kent Museum The Philadelphia History Museum was a public history museum located in Center City, Philadelphia from 1938 until 2018. The museum occupied architect John Haviland's landmark Greek Revival structure built in 1824–1826 for the Franklin Institute. ...

Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts Pennsylvania (; (Pennsylvania Dutch language, Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appa ...

*Detroit, Michigan:

Detroit Institute of Arts The Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA), located in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, has one of the largest and most significant art collections in the United States. With over 100 galleries, it covers with a major renovation and expansion project comple ...

*Columbus, Georgia: The Columbus Museum *Birmingham, Alabama:

Birmingham Museum of Art The Birmingham Museum of Art is a museum in Birmingham, Alabama. It has one of the most extensive collections of artwork in the Southeastern United States, with more than 24,000 paintings, sculptures, prints, drawings, and decorative arts repres ...

*New York: Brooklyn Museum, The Peale Museum of New York *

New London, Connecticut New London is a seaport city and a port of entry on the northeast coast of the United States, located at the mouth of the Thames River in New London County, Connecticut. It was one of the world's three busiest whaling ports for several decade ...

Lyman Allyn Art Museum The Lyman Allyn Art Museum is located in New London, Connecticut and was founded in 1926 by Lyman Allyn's daughter Harriet Upson Allyn.

*Dallas, Texas: The

Dallas Museum of Art The Dallas Museum of Art (DMA) is an art museum located in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas, along Woodall Rodgers Freeway between St. Paul and Harwood. In the 1970s, the museum moved from its previous location in Fair Park to the Art ...

Modern American Collection *Pittsfield, Massachusetts: Berkshire Museum *Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:

La Salle University Art Museum The La Salle University Art Museum is located in the basement of Olney Hall at La Salle University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The museum features six galleries. Collections include European and American art from the Renaissance to the present. ...

*Williamsburg, Virginia:

Muscarelle Museum of Art The Muscarelle Museum of Art is a university museum affiliated with the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. While the Museum only dates to 1983, the university art collection has been in existence since its first gift – a por ...

at William & Mary *Wilmington, Delaware:

Hagley Museum and Library The Hagley Museum and Library is a nonprofit educational institution in unincorporated New Castle County, Delaware, near Wilmington. Covering more than along the banks of the Brandywine Creek, the museum and grounds include the first du Po ...

Other notable paintings

* ''Charles Willson Peale,''

Historical Society of Pennsylvania The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is a long-established research facility, based in Philadelphia. It is a repository for millions of historic items ranging across rare books, scholarly monographs, family chronicles, maps, press reports and v ...

, Philadelphia, 1812 * ''Washington Before Yorktown,''

Corcoran Gallery of Art The Corcoran Gallery of Art was an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, that is now the location of the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design, a part of the George Washington University. Overview The Corcoran School of the Arts & Desig ...

, 1824 * ''John C. Calhoun,''

Gibbes Museum of Art The Gibbes Museum of Art, formerly known as the Gibbes Art Gallery, is an art museum in Charleston, South Carolina. Established as the Carolina Art Association in 1858, the museum moved into a new Beaux Arts building at 135 Meeting Street, in t ...

, 1834 * ''The Sisters, Eleanor and Rosalba Peale,'' A. Augustus Healy Fund,

Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. At , the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 1.5 million objects. Located near the Prospect Heights, Cro ...

, 1826 * ''General Thomas Sumter,''

Independence National Historical Park Independence National Historical Park is a federally protected historic district in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that preserves several sites associated with the American Revolution and the nation's founding history. Administered by the National P ...

, Philadelphia, 1796 * ''Mrs. Marbury,'' Private Collection, 1797 * ''Sculpture,''

, Philadelphia, c. 1812 * ''DeWitt Clinton,'' Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1823 * ''

Mary Jane Peale Mary Jane Peale (born New York City, February 16, 1827 - died Pottsville, Pennsylvania, November 22, 1902) was an American painter. She was the child of Rubens and Eliza Burd Patterson Peale, the only daughter among seven children, and was ...

,'' Elise Peale Patterson de Golpi-Toro, New York, 1835 * ''Eleanor May Short Peale,'' Private Collection, 1836 * ''William Henry Harrison,'' Grouseland (William Henry Harrison House), Vincennes, IN

A portrait identified

A painting of a comedian who was an acquaintance of the British painter

George Clint George Clint (12 April 1770 – 10 May 1854) was an English portrait painter and engraver, especially notable for his many theatrical subjects. Life Clint was born in Brownlow Street, Drury Lane, Covent Garden, London, the son of Michael Cli ...

—an artist whose style resembled Peale's, and who claimed the picture as his own—was examined by the National Portrait Gallery of London in 1914. It was initially confirmed as Clint's artwork. Later, the gallery further examined the history behind the painting: the English comedian, Charles Mathews, had arrived in New York in 1822, and left shortly after Peale had welcomed him for a portrait painting."Meschutt, David." “Rembrandt Peale's Portrait of Charles Mathews, British Comedian, Identified.” American Art Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3. (1989), pp. 74–79.

Gallery

File:Working sketch of the mastodon rembrandt peale.jpg, ''Working Sketch of the Mastodon'' (1801) File:Rembrandt Peale - Thomas Jefferson - Google Art Project.jpg, ''

'' (1800) File:Samuel Fisher Bradford by Rembrandt Peale .jpg, ''Samuel Fisher Bradford'' (1803–1808) File:Albert Gallatin, by Rembrandt Peale, from life, 1805.jpg, ''Albert Gallatin'' (1805) File:Portrait of Margaret Irvine Miller, by Rembrandt Peale, 1805.jpg, ''Portrait of Margaret Irvine Miller'' (1805) File:Portrait of William Short.jpg, ''Portrait of William Short'' (1806) File:Rembrandt Peale - Portrait of Henry Robinson - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Portrait of Henry Robinson'' (1806–1808) File:Rembrandt Peale - Rubens Peale - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Portrait of Rubens Peale'' (1807) File:Alida Livingston Armstrong and Daughter.jpeg, ''Alida Livingston Armstrong and Daughter'' (c. 1810) File:Boy from the Taylor Family.jpeg, ''Boy from the Taylor Family'' (1812) File:Rembrandt Peale - William Henry Harrison - Google Art Project.jpg, ''

William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States. Harrison died just 31 days after his inauguration in 1841, and had the shortest pres ...

'' (1814) File:Rembrandt Peale - Portrait of Jacob Gerard Koch.jpg, ''Portrait of Jacob Gerard Koch'' (ca. 1817) File:Rembrandt Peale - Portrait of Jane Griffith Koch.jpg, ''Portrait of Jane Griffith Koch'' (ca. 1817) File:General Samuel Smith Rembrandt Peale.jpeg, ''General Samuel Smith'' (ca. 1817) File:Charles Mathews by Rembrandt Peale.jpg, ''

Charles Mathews Charles Mathews (28 June 1776, London – 28 June 1835, Devonport) was an English theatre manager and comic actor, well known during his time for his gift of impersonation and skill at table entertainment. His play ''At Home'', in which he pl ...

'' (ca. 1822) File:DeWitt Clinton by Rembrandt Peale.jpg, ''

DeWitt Clinton DeWitt Clinton (March 2, 1769February 11, 1828) was an American politician and naturalist. He served as a United States senator, as the mayor of New York City, and as the seventh governor of New York. In this last capacity, he was largely re ...

'' (ca. 1823) File:Washington Before Yorktown Rembrandt Peale 1823.jpeg, ''Washington Before Yorktown'' (1823) File:Michael Angelo and Emma Clara Peale.jpg, ''Michelangelo and Emma Clara Peale'' (1826) File:Rembrandt Peale - The Sisters (Eleanor and Rosalba Peale) - Google Art Project.jpg, ''The Sisters (Eleanor and Rosalba Peale)'' (1826) File:David Hosack by Rembrandt Peale.jpg, ''Portrait of Dr.

David Hosack David Hosack (August 31, 1769 – December 22, 1835) was a noted American physician, botanist, and educator. He remains widely known as the doctor who tended to the fatal injuries of Alexander Hamilton after his duel with Aaron Burr in July 1 ...

'' (1826) File:Horace Hayden, painting by Rembrandt Peale.jpg, '' Horace H. Hayden'' (1829) File:Portrait_of_Raja_Ram_Mohun_Roy,_1833.jpg, ''

Raja Rammohan Roy Raja Ram Mohan Roy ( bn, রামমোহন রায়; 22 May 1772 – 27 September 1833) was an Indian reformer who was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a social-religious reform ...

'' (1833) File:John C Calhoun Rembrandt Peale 1834.jpeg, ''

John C. Calhoun John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who held many important positions including being the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He ...

'' (1834) File:Caroline Louisa Pratt Bartlett by Rembrandt Peale - BMA.jpg, ''Caroline Louisa Pratt Bartlett'' (1836) File:Girl at a Window (Rosalba Peale).jpg, ''Girl at a Window ( Rosalba Peale)'' (1846) File:Bonhams - Rembrandt Peale (American, 1778-1860) Niagara Falls 18 x 24in.jpg, ''Niagara Falls'' (1849) File:Portraits of Richard Colgate Dale Jr and Elizabeth Woodruff Dale by Rembrandt Peale.jpg, Portraits of ''Richard Colgate Dale Jr'' and ''Elizabeth Woodruff Dale'' (1857)

Notes

References

*Hunter, Jr., Wilbur H. "Peale's Baltimore Museum." College Art Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1. (Autumn, 1952), pp. 31–36 *Mahey, John A. "The Studio of Rembrandt Peale." American Art Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2. (Autumn, 1969), pp. 20–40. *Meschutt, David." "Rembrandt Peale's Portrait of Charles Mathews, British Comedian, Identified." American Art Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3. (1989), pp. 74–79. *Miller, Lillian B. ''Rembrandt Peale: A Life in the Arts: 1778–1860''. The Historical Society of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1985 *Soltis, Carol Eaton. "Rembrandt Peale's ''Rubens Peale with a Geranium'': A Possible Source in David Teniers the Younger". ''American Art Journal'', Vol. 33, No. 1/2. (2002), pp. 4–19 *Ward, David C. "Celebration of Self: The Portraiture of Charles Willson Peale and Rembrandt Peale, 1822–27." American Art, Vol. 7, No. 1. (Winter, 1993), pp. 8–27.

External links

*Th
Rembrandt And Harriet Peale Papers, 1824–1932
have been digitized and posted online by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

*
Rembrandt Peale Gallery
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peale, Rembrandt 1778 births 1860 deaths 18th-century American painters 18th-century American male artists American male painters 19th-century American painters 19th-century American male artists American neoclassical painters American portrait painters People from Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Sibling artists Artists from Philadelphia American curators Directors of museums in the United States Burials at The Woodlands Cemetery