Reichspost

''Reichspost'' (; "Imperial Mail") was the name of the postal service of Germany from 1866 to 1945.

''Deutsche Reichspost''

Upon the out break of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the break-up of the German Confederation in the Peace of Prague, the North German Confederation was established, instigated by the Prussian minister-president Otto von Bismarck. Originally a military alliance, it evolved to a federation with the issuing of a constitution with effect from 1 July 1867. In the course of the war, Prussian troops had occupied the Free City of Frankfurt and the King of Prussia (later to become German Emperor) had purchased the remnants of the Thurn-und-Taxis Post organisation. According to article 48, the federal area of the Northern German states, ''de facto'' an enlarged Prussia, came under the united postal authority, led by director Heinrich von Stephan.

With the German unification upon the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, the ''Deutsche Reichspost'' was established as a state monopoly and became the official national postal authority of the German Empire including the annexed province of Alsace-Lorraine. Its official name was ''Kaiserliche Post und Telegraphenverwaltung''. The Southern German federated states of Baden (until 1872), Württemberg (until 1902) and Bavaria initially maintained separate state post authorities, that nevertheless were integrated into the nationwide administration. On 1 January 1876 a ''Reichspostamt'' under Postmaster General von Stephan was split-off from Bismarck's Reich Chancellery as a government agency in its own right. In the First World War, a '' Reichsabgabe'' tax was levied on the postal traffic from 1 August 1916 in order to finance the war expenses.

With the establishment of the Weimar Republic upon the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the former ''Reichspostamt'' in Berlin became the '' Reichspostministerium''. After the hyperinflation period, the ''Deutsche Reichspost'' (DRP) agency was again spun off in 1924 and operated as a state-owned enterprise. On 2 June 1932 Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach was appointed Reichspost Minister by Chancellor Franz von Papen and he maintained his office upon the ''Machtergreifung'' of the Nazi Party in 1933, "assisted" by Nazi state secretary Wilhelm Ohnesorge. The postal area was significantly enlarged with the incorporation of the Saar territory in 1935, the Austrian ''Anschluss'' in 1938, and the annexation of the ''Sudetenland'' according to the Munich Agreement. It was during this time that the Reichspost installed the first public videophone.

In the Second World War the ''Reichspost'' authority spread out to the Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, such as the '' Reichsgau Wartheland'', the '' Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreußen'', and the Polish General Government. In 1941 postal codes were introduced. The ''Feldpost'' military mail organisation of the Wehrmacht not only served Army, ''Luftwaffe'' and ''Kriegsmarine'' service members, but also ''SS-Verfügungstruppen'', ''Waffen-SS'' and ''Reichsarbeitsdienst'' members in the field, becoming the general postal authority of the occupied territories. Deliveries were more and more affected by the advance of Allied troops from January 1945 on. The Reichspost finally ceased to function with the German Instrument of Surrender on 8 May. The last ''Reichspostminister'' Julius Dorpmüller, a member of the Flensburg Government, was arrested two weeks later, and governmental authority was officially taken over by the Allied Control Council with the Berlin Declaration of 5 June.

Successors

The Reichspost was initially replaced by Allied-controlled postal authorities that provided mail services in the occupation zones. From 1947 a united agency served the British-American Bizone area. With the emergence of two German states, the ''Deutsche Bundespost'' (German federal post office) was established in West Germany, and the ''Deutsche Post'' in East Germany. In addition, there was a separate ''Deutsche Bundespost Berlin'' for West Berlin, as well as the ''Saar'' postal authority (1947–1956).

After the reunification of Germany in 1990, the state-owned ''Bundespost'' continued to function as the sole provider of postal services until 1995, when the postal, telecommunications, and banking divisions were spun off as separate entities. The ''Deutsche Bundespost'' eventually became Deutsche Post AG, a share holding company, later reintegrating the Postbank, and Deutsche Telekom.History of Deutsche Post AG (1995)
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Other use

* Between 1894 and 1938, a daily newspaper called Reichspost was issued in Vienna, Austria.
* During the Second World War there was an additional use for the postal vans: "01.05.1942 Transfer of Postschutz in the SS (see Gottlob Berger), shortly after that also the 'remote power mail' ('front help of the Deutsche Reichspost') used as 'SS power driving season'. During 1942, these buses were used for transporting psychiatric patients to the gasification facilities of heT-4 euthanasia program."

See also

* Deutsche Bundespost
* Deutsche Post
* Postage stamps and postal history of Germany
* Postschutz

Notes

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Postal organizations