Raymond Leonard "Ray" Garthoff (born March 26, 1929) is a senior fellow at the

Brookings Institution The Brookings Institution, often stylized as simply Brookings, is an American research group founded in 1916. Located on Think Tank Row in Washington, D.C., the organization conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in e ...

, a specialist on arms control, intelligence, the Cold War,

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...

, and the former

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

. He is a former U.S. Ambassador to Bulgaria, and has advised the U.S. State Department on treaties.

Life

In 1948, he received his B.A. from Princeton University. In 1949, he received his M.A. from Yale. From 1950 to 1957, he was a Soviet analyst for RAND Corporation. In 1951, he received his PhD from Yale. From 1957 to 1961, he was a CIA Office of National Estimates (ONE) analyst. In the early 1960s, he was a special assistant in the State Department. Beginning in 1969, he was involved in the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, as executive secretary of the U.S. delegation. In September 1970, he became a deputy director of the State Department's Bureau of Political-Military Affairs. As he later described it, he was "the regular Department representative on the verification panel working group, as it was called, the main working group for the SALT preparations." In the 1970s, he was a senior Foreign Service inspector. From 1980 to 1994, he was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. He is the author of numerous scholarly papers, books, and has been featured in

PBS The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is a publicly funded nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educat ...

documentaries. He is well known for his disagreement with

Team B Team B was a competitive analysis exercise commissioned by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to analyze threats the Soviet Union posed to the security of the United States. It was created, in part, due to a 1974 publication by Albert Wohlstett ...

's and Richard Pipes's 1976 characterization of Soviet nuclear doctrine.Misinterpreting the Cold War: The Hardliners Were Right
Richard Pipes, Foreign Affairs, January/February 1995. Pipes' attempt to rebut Garthoff's book. Accessed Aug. 19, 2017

Works

Articles

* *Garthoff, Raymond L. (1978). "On Estimating and Imputing Intentions". ''International Security''. 2 (3): 22–32.

Books

*''Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis: Revised To Include New Revelations from Soviet & Cuban Sources'' (Revised) by Raymond Garthoff (Paperback - Jun 2, 1989) *''The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War''. Raymond L. Garthoff The Brookings Institution, 1994, 834 pp. covers 1981 to 1991 *''Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan by Raymond L. Garthoff'' (1985; revised 2nd ed. 1994) covers 1970-198
online free to borrow
*''Deterrence and the Revolution in Soviet Military Doctrine'' by Raymond L. Garthoff (1990) *''Soviet Military Policy; A Historical Analysis'' by Raymond L. Garthoff (Hardcover - 1966) *''Soviet Strategy in the Nuclear Age'' *Praeger Pubs. in Russian History and World Communism, No. 71 by Raymond L. Garthoff (Hardcover - 1958) *''Policy Versus the Law: The Reinterpretation of the Abm Treaty by Raymond L. Garthoff (Paperback - Oct 1987) *Sino-Soviet Military Relations'' by Raymond L. Garthoff (Unknown Binding - 1966) *''A Journey Through the Cold War: A Memoir of Containment and Coexistence by Raymond L. Garthoff'' (Hardcover - Jun 30, 2001) *''Assessing the Adversary: Estimates by the Eisenhower Administration of Soviet Intentions and Capabilities'' (Brookings Occasional Papers) by Raymond L. Garthoff (Paperback - Sep 1991) *
Soviet Image of Future War by Raymond Garthoff
' (Hardcover - Jun 1959) *''Intelligence Assessment and Policymaking: A Decision Point in the Kennedy Administration'' by Raymond L. Garthoff (Paperback - Jul 1984) *''Science and Technology in Contemporary War'' **Praeger Pubs. in Russian History and World Communism, No.74** by MG G.I. (Raymond L. Garthoff, Translator/Annotator) Pokrovsky (Hardcover - 1959) *''The tragedy of Hungary: A revolution won and lost'' (P-984) by Raymond L Garthoff (Unknown Binding - 1956) *''The Soviet High Command and General Staff'' (P-684) by Raymond L Garthoff (Unknown Binding - 1955 *''The new Soviet leadership'' Santa Monica, Calif. RAND Corp. by Raymond L Garthoff (Unknown Binding - 1953)

References

External sources

INTERVIEW WITH RAYMOND GARTHOFF-29.8.1996 accessed Dec 15, 2007 *Гартхофф Рэймонд Л. // ''Иванян Э. А.'' Энциклопедия российско-американских отношений. XVIII-XX века. — Москва: Международные отношения, 2001. — 696 с. — . {{DEFAULTSORT:Garthoff, Raymond L. Ambassadors of the United States to Bulgaria American male writers Princeton University alumni Yale University alumni Living people 1929 births United States Foreign Service personnel