A radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) is a

linear accelerator A linear particle accelerator (often shortened to linac) is a type of particle accelerator that accelerates charged subatomic particles or ions to a high speed by subjecting them to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear ...

component generally used at low beam energies, roughly 2keV to 3MeV. It is similar in layout to a

quadrupole mass analyser The quadrupole mass analyzer, originally conceived by Nobel Laureate Wolfgang Paul and his student Helmut Steinwedel, also known as quadrupole mass filter, is one type of mass analyzer used in mass spectrometry. As the name implies, it consists ...

but its purpose is to accelerate a single-species beam (a beam of one particular type of particle) rather than perform mass spectrometry on a multiple-species beam. As charged particles are accelerated along the beam line they alternately experience electric fields in two axes at right angles to the direction of motion, offset in phase, such that there is always a forwards force in the beam direction (Z), plus a beam focussing action alternately in X and then in Y. This is achieved by exciting 4 electrodes that run the length of the accelerator, and are shaped to have a periodically varying gap that matches the RF frequency to the beam velocity at that point in the accelerator. This causes the particles to form bunches in step with the exciting frequency, such that they pass through each region as the local field is near the acceleration maxima. There are two common electrode shapes, either a group of 4 vanes with a wave pattern on the tips that approach, or 4 cylinders with periodic conical sections. The electrodes are mounted in vacuum and excited from by suitably phased signals from a high power RF source. The advantages over a conventional RF

LINAC A linear particle accelerator (often shortened to linac) is a type of particle accelerator that accelerates charged subatomic particles or ions to a high speed by subjecting them to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear be ...

with separated RF cavities and drift tubes are firstly that the beam is constantly accelerating (there is no drift space) so the design can be made considerably more compact for a given energy, and secondly the bunching and focussing of the beam. NSCL - ReA3 - RFQ

The RFQ is a combined-function component that both accelerates and focuses the beam of charged particles. Invented by

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...

physicists I. M. Kapchinsky and

Vladimir Teplyakov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Teplyakov (russian: Владимир Александрович Тепляков) (6 November 1925 – 10 December 2009) was a Russian experimental physicist known for his work on particle accelerators. Together with I.M. ...

in 1970, the RFQ is used as an injector by major laboratories and industries throughout the world for radiofrequency linear accelerators.

References

External links

Photographs of radio-frequency quadrupoles (CERN Document Server)
Accelerator physics Soviet inventions {{accelerator-stub