The , usually translated as ''

Elder An elder is someone with a degree of seniority or authority. Elder or elders may refer to: Positions Administrative * Elder (administrative title), a position of authority Cultural * North American Indigenous elder, a person who has and ...

'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was character ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...

. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two ''

shōgun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamaku ...

s'', there were only two ''Rōjū''. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four. The ''Rōjū'' were appointed from the ranks of the '' fudai daimyōs'' with domains of between 25,000 and 50,000 ''

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. 1 koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about . It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1000 gō. One ''gō'' is the volume of the "rice cup", the plastic measuring cup that is supplied ...

''.

Duties

The ''Rōjū'' had a number of responsibilities, most clearly delineated in the 1634 ordinance that reorganized the government and created a number of new posts: :#Relations with the

Emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother ( ...

, the Court, and the Prince-Abbots. :#Supervision of those ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominall ...

'' who controlled lands worth at least 10,000 ''koku''. :#Managing the forms taken by official documents in official communications. :#Supervision of the internal affairs of the Shogun's domains. :#Coinage, public works, and enfiefment. :#Governmental relations and supervision of monasteries and shrines. :#Compilation of maps, charts, and other government records. The ''Rōjū'' served not simultaneously, but in rotation, each serving the Shogun for a month at a time, communicating with the Shogun through a chamberlain, called ''Soba-yōnin''. However, the ''Rōjū'' also served as members of the '' Hyōjōsho'' council, along with the '' Ō-Metsuke'' and representatives of various '' Bugyō'' (Commissions or Departments). As part of the ''Hyōjōsho'', the ''Rōjū'' sometimes served a role similar to that of a

supreme court A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...

, deciding succession disputes and other such disputed matters of state. Under the reign of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1680–1709) the ''Rōjū'' lost nearly all their power, as the Shogun began to work more closely with the '' Tairō'', Chamberlains, and others, including Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu, who held the power of a ''Tairō'', but not the title. The ''Rōjū'' became little more than messengers, going through the motions of their proper roles as intermediaries between the Shogun and other offices, but not being able to exercise any power to change or decide policy. As Arai Hakuseki, a major Confucian poet and politician of the time wrote, "All the Rōjū did was to pass on his oshiyasu's/nowiki> instructions" (Sansom 141). Even after Tsunayoshi's death, the ''Rōjū'' did not regain their former power. They continued to exist, however, as a government post and a council with, officially if not in fact, all the powers and responsibilities they originally held, through the

List of ''Rōjū''

''Each office-holder is listed once. Some may have served under multiple ''shōguns'', and as a result of multiple terms, the list may not fully accurate reflect the order in which the office was held. For example,

Hotta Masayoshi was the 5th Hotta '' daimyō'' of the Sakura Domain in the Japanese Edo period, who served as chief '' rōjū'' in the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa shogunate, where he played an important role in the negotiations of the Ansei Treaties with variou ...

served in 1857–58 after Abe Masahiro (1843–57), but also served earlier, and is listed earlier; he is not also listed after Abe.''

Under
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fello ...

Ōkubo Tadachika was ''daimyō'' of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province in early Edo period, Japan. Ōkubo Tadachika was the son of Ōkubo Tadayo, a hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa clan in what is now part of the city of Okazaki, Aichi. He entered into service a ...

(大久保忠隣)(1593–1614) * Ōkubo Nagayasu (大久保長安)(1600–1613) * Honda Masanobu (本多正信)(1600–1615) *

Naruse Masanari Naruse (written: 成瀬 or 鳴瀬) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: *, Japanese idol and voice actress *, Japanese test driver and engineer *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese voice actress *, Japanese film ...

(成瀬正成)(1600–1616) *

Andō Naotsugu Andō, Ando, Andou or Andoh (written: 安藤 or 安東) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: *, Japanese gravure idol and professional wrestler *, Japanese footballer *Albert Ando (1929–2002), Japanese-born American ec ...

(安藤直次)(1600–1616) * Honda Masazumi (本多正純)(1600–1622) *

Naitō Kiyonari Naitō, Naito or Naitou (written: 内藤) is a Japanese name, also transliterated as Naitoh or Nightow. Notable people with the surname include: * , vice president of Lenovo's PC and Smart Devices business unit, known as the "Father of ThinkPad" * ...

(内藤清成)(1601–1606) *

Aoyama Tadanari was a Tokugawa general and chief retainer at the end of the Sengoku and start of the Edo period. He was the father of Aoyama Tadatoshi, and the Aoyama region of Shibuya is named after him. History The Aoyama clan_were_provincial_lords_of_Dōd ...

(青山忠成)(1601–1606)

Under
Tokugawa Hidetada was the second ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate. Early life (1579–1593) Tokugawa Hidetada was bo ...

* Aoyama Narishige (青山成重)(1608–1613) *

Sakai Tadatoshi was a Japanese samurai daimyō of the Edo period. He was head of a cadet branch of the Sakai clan. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)"Sakai" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', ...

(酒井忠利)(1609–1627) *

Sakai Tadayo was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Sengoku period, and high-ranking government advisor, holding the title of ''Rōjū'', and later ''Tairō''. The son of Sakai Shigetada, Tadayo was born in Nishio, Mikawa Province; his childhood name was Manch ...

(酒井忠世)(1610–1634) *

Doi Toshikatsu was a top-ranking official in Japan's Tokugawa shogunate during its early decades, and one of the chief advisors to the second Tokugawa shōgun, Hidetada. The adopted son of Doi Toshimasa, Toshikatsu is generally believed to be the biological ...

(土井利勝)(1610–1638) * Andō Shigenobu (安藤重信)(1611–1621) * Naitō Kiyotsugu (内藤清次)(1616–1617) * Aoyama Tadatoshi (青山忠俊)(1616–1623) * Inoue Masanari (井上正就)(1617–1628) * Nagai Naomasa (永井尚政)(1622–1633)

Under
Tokugawa Iemitsu Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川家光, August 12, 1604 – June 8, 1651) was the third '' shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, w ...

Abe Masatsugu was a '' daimyō'' in early Edo period, Japan. Abe Masatsugu was the eldest son of Abe Masakatsu, one of the hereditary retainers of Tokugawa Ieyasu. He was born in Mikawa Province. In 1600, on his father's death, he became head of the Abe ...

(阿部正次)(1623–1626) * Inaba Masakatsu (稲葉正勝)(1623–1634) * Naitō Tadashige (内藤忠重)(1623–1633) * Sakai Tadakatsu (酒井忠勝)(1624–1638) * Morikawa Shigetoshi (森川重俊)(1628–1632) * Aoyama Yukinari (青山幸成)(1628–1633) * Matsudaira Nobutsuna (松平信綱)(1632–1662) *

Abe Tadaaki was a high-ranking government official in Japan under Tokugawa Iemitsu and Ietsuna, the third and fourth Tokugawa Shōgun. As the ''daimyō'' of the Oshi Domain in modern-day Saitama Prefecture, with an income of 80,000 ''koku'' (earlier 50, ...

(阿部忠秋)(1633–1666) * Hotta Masamori (堀田正盛)(1635–1651) * Abe Shigetsugu (阿部重次)(1638–1651) *

Matsudaira Norinaga was a ''daimyō'' during early-Edo period Japan. He was the second head of the Ogyū-Matsudaira clan. Biography Matsudaira Norinaga was the eldest son of Matsudaira Ienori, a Sengoku period samurai and daimyō of Iwamura Domain in Mino Province ...

(松平乗寿)(1642–1654)

Under
Tokugawa Ietsuna was the fourth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan who was in office from 1651 to 1680. He is considered the eldest son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, which makes him the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. E ...

* Sakai Tadakiyo (酒井忠清)(1653–1666) * Inaba Masanori (稲葉正則)(1657–1681) *

Kuze Hiroyuki Kuze may refer to: *Daisaku Kuze, one of the secondary antagonists in the video game ''Yakuza 0'' *Hideo Kuze This is a list of fictional characters in the ''Ghost in the Shell'' media franchise created by Masamune Shirow. Public Security Sec ...

(久世広之)(1663–1679) *

Itakura Shigenori was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the early Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". University of Tüebingen (in German). Shigenori's daimyō family claimed descent from the Shibukawa branch of the Seiwa Genji. The Ita ...

(板倉重矩)(1665–1668, 1670–1673) * Tsuchiya Kazunao (土屋数直)(1665–1679) *

Abe Masayoshi was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the mid-Edo period, who ruled the Oshi Domain. Masayoshi served as ''Kyoto Shoshidai The was an important administrative and political office in the Tokugawa shogunate. The office was the personal representati ...

(阿部正能)(1673–1676) *

Ōkubo Tadatomo was a ''daimyō'' in early Edo period, Japan. He was assigned by the Tokugawa shogunate to Karatsu Domain, Sakura Domain, and finally to Odawara Domain in Sagami Province, (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture), where his descendants remained until the ...

(大久保忠朝)(1677–1698) * Hotta Masatoshi (堀田正俊)(1679–1681) * Doi Toshifusa (土井利房)(1679–1681) * Itakura Shigetane (板倉重種)(1680–1681)

Under Tokugawa Tsunayoshi

* Toda Tadamasa (戸田忠昌)(1681–1699) * Abe Masatake (阿部正武)(1681–1704) * Matsudaira Nobuyuki (松平信之)(1685–1686) * Tsuchiya Masanao (土屋政直)(1687–1718) * Ogasawara Nagashige (小笠原長重)(1697–1705, 1709–1710) *

Akimoto Takatomo Akimoto (written: 秋元 or 秋本) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: *, Japanese hurdler *, Japanese ''daimyō'' *, Japanese judoka *Jin Akimoto Jin Akimoto (born April 7, 1971; ) is a retired Japanese mixed mart ...

(秋元喬知)(1699–1707) * Inaba Masamichi (稲葉正往)(1701–1707) * Honda Masanaga (本多正永)(1704–1711) * Ōkubo Tadamasu (大久保忠増)(1705–1713) *

Inoue Masamine Inoue (kanji: , historical kana orthography: ''Winouhe'') is the 16th most common Japanese surname. Historically, it was also romanized as Inouye, and many Japanese-descended people outside of Japan still retain this spelling. A less common varia ...

(井上正岑)(1705–1722)

Under Tokugawa Ienobu and Ietsugu

* Abe Masataka (阿部正喬)(1711–1717) *

Kuze Shigeyuki Kuze may refer to: *Daisaku Kuze, one of the secondary antagonists in the video game ''Yakuza 0'' *Hideo Kuze, a cyborg in the anime '' Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG'' * Kuze, a student in the '' Kanon'' series *Kuze, a sub-location of Old Town ...

(久世重之)(1713–1720) * Matsudaira Nobutsune (松平信庸)(1714–1716) * Toda Tadazane (戸田忠真)(1714–1729)

Under
Tokugawa Yoshimune was the eighth '' shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lineage Yoshi ...

* Mizuno Tadayuki (水野忠之)(1717–1730) * Andō Nobutomo (安藤信友)(1722–1732) * Matsudaira Norisato (松平乗邑)(1723–1745) * Matsudaira Tadachika (松平忠周)(1724–1728) * Ōkubo Tsuneharu (大久保常春)(1728) * Sakai Tadaoto (酒井忠音)(1728–1735) * Matsudaira Nobutoki (松平信祝)(1730–1744) * Matsudaira Terusada (松平輝貞)(1730–1745) * Kuroda Naokuni (黒田直邦)(1732–1735) * Honda Tadanaga (本多忠良)(1734–1746).Screech, Timon. (2006). ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822,'' p. 242n91. Also known as "Honda Tadayoshi" * Toki Yoritoshi (土岐頼稔)(1742–1744) * Sakai Tadazumi (酒井忠恭)(1744–1749) *

Matsudaira Norikata Count was the 8th and final ''daimyō'' of Okutono in Mikawa Province, and 1st (and final) ''daimyō'' of Tanoguchi Domain in Shinano Province. He served in the Tokugawa shogunate in the positions of ''Rōjū'' and ''Wakadoshiyori'', and became ...

(松平乗賢)(1745–1746) * Hotta Masasuke (堀田正亮)(1745–1761)

Under
Tokugawa Ieshige Tokugawa Ieshige; 徳川家重 (January 28, 1712 – July 13, 1761) was the ninth '' shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. The first son of Tokugawa Yoshimune, his mother was the daughter of Ōkubo Tadanao, known as Osuma no kata ...

* Nishio Tadanao (西尾忠尚)(1746–1760) * Honda Masayoshi (本多正珍)(1746–1758) * Matsudaira Takechika (松平武元)(1746–1779) * Sakai Tadayori (酒井忠寄)(1749–1764) * Matsudaira Terutaka (松平輝高)(1758–1781) * Inoue Masatsune (井上正経)(1760–1763) * Akimoto Sumitomo (秋元凉朝)(1747–1764, 1765–1767)

Under Tokugawa Ieharu

* Matsudaira Yasutoshi (松平康福)(1762–1788) * Abe Masasuke (阿部正右)(1764–1769) *

Itakura Katsukiyo was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period. Famed for his tenure as rōjū, Itakura later became a Shinto priest. Biography Itakura, born to the Hisamatsu-Matsudaira of the Kuwana Domain, was adopted by Itakura Katsutsune, the lord of ...

(板倉勝清)(1769–1780) * Tanuma Okitsugu (田沼意次)(1769–1786) * Abe Masachika (阿部正允)(1780) * Kuze Hiroakira (久世広明)(1781–1785) * Mizuno Tadatomo (水野忠友)(1781–1788, 1796–1802) * Torii Tadaoki (鳥居忠意)(1781–1793) * Makino Sadanaga (牧野貞長)(1784–1790)

Under Tokugawa Ienari

* Abe Masatomo (阿部正倫)(1787–1788) * Matsudaira Sadanobu (松平定信)(1787–1793) * Matsudaira Nobuakira (松平信明)(1788–1803, 1806–1817) * Matsudaira Norisada (松平乗完)(1789–1793) * Honda Tadakazu (本多忠籌)(1790–1798) * Toda Ujinori (戸田氏教)(1790–1806) * Ōta Sukeyoshi (太田資愛)(1793–1801) * Andō Nobunari (安藤信成)(1793–1810) * Makino Tadakiyo (牧野忠精)(1801–1816, 1828–1831) * Doi Toshiatsu (土井利厚)(1802–1822) * Aoyama Tadahiro (青山忠裕)(1804–1835) * Matsudaira Noriyasu (松平乗保)(1810–1826) *

Sakai Tadayuki was the 10th ''daimyō'' of Obama Domain in mid- to late Edo period Japan.Meyer, Eva-Mari"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". University of Tübingen (in German). Biography Tadayuki was the seventh son of Sakai Tadaka of Tsuruga Domain an ...

(酒井忠進)(1815–1828) * Mizuno Tadanari (水野忠成)(1817–1834) * Abe Masakiyo (阿部正精)(1817–1823) *

Ōkubo Tadazane was the 7th ''daimyō'' of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province, (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture) in mid-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was '' Kaga no Kami''. Biography Tadazane was born in Edo in 1782 (some sources state 1778) as the son of ...

(大久保忠真)(1818–1837) *

Matsudaira Norihiro was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the mid to late Edo period, who ruled the Nishio Domain. Norihiro held a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including ''rōjū'' and ''Kyoto Shoshidai''. He was the father of Makino Tadayuki, another ...

(松平乗寛)(1822–1839) * Matsudaira Terunobu (松平輝延)(1823–1825) * Uemura Ienaga (植村家長)(1825–1828) *

Matsudaira Yasutō was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the mid to late Edo period, who ruled the Hamada Domain. He served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate. After serving as magistrate of temples and shrines and Osaka Castle warden, he served for a y ...

(松平康任)(1826–1835) * Mizuno Tadakuni (水野忠邦)(1828–1843, 1844–1845) * Matsudaira Muneakira (松平宗発)(1831–1840) *

Ōta Sukemoto was the 5th ''daimyō'' of Kakegawa Domain in Tōtōmi Province, (modern-day Shizuoka Prefecture) in late-Edo period and Bakumatsu period Japan and a high-level office holder within the Tokugawa shogunate, Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto ...

(太田資始)(1834–1841, 1858–1859, 1863) * Wakisaka Yasutada (脇坂安董)(1836–1841) *

Matsudaira Nobuyori was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period, who ruled the Yoshida Domain. He held several positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including that of ''Kyoto Shoshidai The was an important administrative and political office in the Tokugawa shog ...

(松平信順)(1837) *

(堀田正睦)(1837–1843, 1855–1858)

Under Tokugawa Ieyoshi

Doi Toshitsura was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period, who ruled the Koga Domain. He served as a ''rōjū'' for Tokugawa Ienari during the Tokugawa shogunate. References * Bolitho, Harold. (1974). ''Treasures Among Men: The Fudai Daimyo in Tokugawa Ja ...

(土井利位)(1838–1844) * Inoue Masaharu (井上正春)(1840–1843) *

Manabe Akikatsu was the 7th '' daimyō'' of Sabae Domain in Echizen Province under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.Meyer, Eva Maria. (1999) ''Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit'', p. 146 His courtesy title was ''Shimōsa-no-kami'', and his Court r ...

(間部詮勝)(1840–1843, 1858–1859) * Sanada Yukitsura (真田幸貫)(1841–1844) * Hori Chikashige (堀親寚)(1843–1845) * Toda Tadaharu (戸田忠温)(1843–1851) * Makino Tadamasa (牧野忠雅)(1843–1857) * Abe Masahiro (阿部正弘)(1843–1857) * Aoyama Tadanaga (青山忠良)(1844–1848) * Matsudaira Noriyasu (松平乗全)(1845–1855, 1858–1860) *

Matsudaira Tadakata The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of th ...

(松平忠優)(1848–1855, 1857–1858) * Kuze Hirochika (久世広周)(1851–1858, 1860–1862) *

Naitō Nobuchika , was the 7th Naitō ''daimyō'' of Murakami Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was also known as Naitō Nobumoto (内藤信思). His courtesy title was ''Kii-no-kami''.Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on ...

(内藤信親)(1851–1862)

Under Tokugawa Iesada

* Wakisaka Yasuori (脇坂安宅)(1857–1860, 1862)

Under
Tokugawa Iemochi (July 17, 1846 – August 29, 1866) was the 14th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866. During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. ...
and Yoshinobu

Andō Nobumasa was a late- Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 5th '' daimyō'' of Iwakitaira Domain in the Tōhoku region of Japan, and the 10th hereditary chieftain of the Andō clan._He_was_the_eldest_son_of_Andō_Nobuyori.html" ;"title="DF 6 of 80/nowik ...

(安藤信正)(1860–1862) * Honda Tadamoto (本多忠民)(1860–1862, 1864–1865) * Matsudaira Nobuyoshi (松平信義)(1860–1863) * Ogasawara Nagamichi (小笠原長行)(1862–1863, 1865, 1866–1868) *

(板倉勝静)(1862–1864, 1865–1868) * Inoue Masanao (井上正直)(1862–1864) *

Mizuno Tadakiyo was a ''daimyō'' during Bakumatsu period Japan, who served as chief senior councilor (''Rōjū'') in service to the Tokugawa shogunate. Biography Mizuno Tadakiyo was the eldest son of Mizuno Tadakuni, the ''daimyō'' of Hamamatsu Domain and c ...

(水野忠精)(1862–1866) *

Sakai Tadashige was the 8th Japanese Daimyō of the Sakai clan, Himeji Domain and the last Tairō (Chief Minister) of the Tokugawa Shogunate,. He was appointed Tairō on 26 February 1865 after the assassination of Ii Naosuke, until his dismissal on 29 Decembe ...

(酒井忠績)(1863–1864) * Arima Michizumi (有馬道純)(1863–1864) *

Makino Tadayuki was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". University of Tübingen (in German). The Makino were identified as one of the '' fudai'' or insider ''daimyō'' clans which were heredit ...

(牧野忠恭)(1863–1865) * Matsumae Takahiro (松前崇広)(1864–1865) * Abe Masato (阿部正外)(1864–1865) * Suwa Tadamasa (諏訪忠誠)(1864–1865) *

Inaba Masakuni was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late-Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". Universität Tübingen (in German). In the Edo period, the Makino were identified as one of the '' fudai'' or insider ''daimyō'' clans ...

(稲葉正邦)(1864–1865, 1866–1868) * Matsudaira Munehide (松平宗秀)(1864–1866) * Inoue Masanao (井上正直)(1865–1867) * Matsudaira Yasuhide (松平康英)(1865–1868) * Mizuno Tadanobu (水野忠誠)(1866) *

(松平乗謨)(1866–1868) * Inaba Masami (稲葉正巳)(1866–1868) *

Matsudaira Sadaaki was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Bakumatsu period, who was the last ruler of the Kuwana Domain. Sadaaki was the adopted heir of Matsudaira Sadamichi, the descendant of Sadatsuna, the third son of Hisamatsu Sadakatsu (1569–1623), who was Tok ...

(松平定昭)(1867) * Ōkōchi Masatada (大河内正質)(1867–1868) * Sakai Tadatō (酒井忠惇)(1867–1868) * Tachibana Taneyuki (立花種恭)(1868)

Notes

References

*''The list of ''rōjū'' is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia article.'' * Sansom, George Bailey. (1963). ''A History of Japan: 1615–1867.'' Stanford:

Stanford University Press Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is one of the oldest academic presses in the United States and the first university press to be established on the West Coast. It was among the presses officially ...

. * Screech, Timon. (2006). ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822.'' London:

RoutledgeCurzon Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, ...

. {{DEFAULTSORT:Roju Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Japanese historical terms