Queen's Building, Wolverhampton
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The Queen's Building is a grade II
listed building In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
in
Wolverhampton Wolverhampton () is a city, metropolitan borough and administrative centre in the West Midlands, England. The population size has increased by 5.7%, from around 249,500 in 2011 to 263,700 in 2021. People from the city are called "Wulfrunian ...
in the
West Midlands West or Occident is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some ...
of England. Built in 1849 as the carriage entrance to
Wolverhampton railway station Wolverhampton railway station in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England is on the Birmingham Loop of the West Coast Main Line. It is served by Avanti West Coast, CrossCountry, Transport for Wales and West Midlands Trains services, and was hist ...
, it opened three years before the station itself. The two buildings were built in a similar style, but the station building was replaced in the 1960s. The Queen's Building has not functioned as the carriage entrance for many years but survives today as part of the city's bus station.


Design

The building is two storeys high and constructed primarily of grey brick with
ashlar Ashlar () is finely dressed (cut, worked) stone, either an individual stone that has been worked until squared, or a structure built from such stones. Ashlar is the finest stone masonry unit, generally rectangular cuboid, mentioned by Vitruv ...
dressing. It has two central carriage arches, flanked by much narrower pedestrian arches and
pediment Pediments are gables, usually of a triangular shape. Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the lintel, or entablature, if supported by columns. Pediments can contain an overdoor and are usually topped by hood moulds. A pedimen ...
ed windows. The six-bay facade is articulated by two orders of attached columns that rise through a
frieze In architecture, the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic or Doric order, or decorated with bas-reliefs. Paterae are also usually used to decorate friezes. Even when neither columns nor ...
and
cornice In architecture, a cornice (from the Italian ''cornice'' meaning "ledge") is generally any horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a building or furniture element—for example, the cornice over a door or window, around the top edge of a ...
to the first floor, where they divide six tall windows, and up to a roof-level cornice. Above the roof are two low, square turrets with round faces, one of which contains a clock. The archways formerly contained iron gates, which were replaced with glass in the late 20th century. The building complemented the façade of the original Wolverhampton High Level station until the latter was demolished in the mid-1960s and replaced with a more modern structure, which is described as "vastly inferior" by railway historian Gordon Biddle, as part of the modernisation of the
West Coast Main Line The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is one of the most important railway corridors in the United Kingdom, connecting the major cities of London and Glasgow with branches to Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and Edinburgh. It is one of the busiest ...
.


History

The building was built by Edward Banks in 1849 for the
Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway The Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway was authorised in 1846. It agreed to joint construction with others of the costly Wolverhampton to Birmingham section, the so-called Stour Valley Line. This work was dominated by the hostile London and North W ...
as the carriage entrance to
Wolverhampton High Level railway station Wolverhampton station is a railway station in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England on the Birmingham Loop of the West Coast Main Line. It is served by Avanti West Coast, CrossCountry, Transport for Wales and West Midlands Trains services, a ...
and opened to passengers on 1 October 1849. It sits in Queen Street in Wolverhampton, at the foot of a 220-yard (200 metre) driveway which led to the station on the opposite side of the
Birmingham Canal The BCN Main Line, or Birmingham Canal Navigations Main Line is the evolving route of the Birmingham Canal between Birmingham and Wolverhampton in England. The name ''Main Line'' was used to distinguish the main Birmingham to Wolverhampton rout ...
. The railway company had its offices on the first floor and a ticket office on the ground floor. It was completed three years prior to the opening of the main station building. With the amalgamation of the railway companies in the 1840s, the Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway became part of the
Great Western Railway The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company that linked London with the southwest, west and West Midlands of England and most of Wales. It was founded in 1833, received its enabling Act of Parliament on 31 August 1835 and ran ...
(GWR) and the High Level station, and thus the Queen's Building, became jointly owned by the GWR and the
London and North Western Railway The London and North Western Railway (LNWR, L&NWR) was a British railway company between 1846 and 1922. In the late 19th century, the L&NWR was the largest joint stock company in the United Kingdom. In 1923, it became a constituent of the Lo ...
(LNWR) until 1859, by which time the GWR had built
Wolverhampton Low Level railway station Wolverhampton Low Level was a railway station on Sun Street, in Springfield, Wolverhampton, England. It was built by the Great Western Railway (GWR), on their route from London Paddington to Birkenhead, via Birmingham Snow Hill. It was the ...
and the LNWR took sole control. A single-storey extension, built in a sympathetic style to the original, was added to each side in the late 20th century. The building fell into a state of severe dereliction in the 1970s, but was comprehensively rebuilt on instruction of Wolverhampton Council by local contractor Royle & Stanley between 1988 - 1991. The works resulted in the building providing rest facilities for bus drivers with a small cafe downstairs, and an enquiry bureau for West Midlands Travel Executive in a new build structure nearby (since demolished). Since the bus station was rebuilt in 2011, the Queen's Building has hosted a
Costa Costa may refer to: Biology * Rib (Latin: ''costa''), in vertebrate anatomy * Costa (botany), the central strand of a plant leaf or thallus * Costa (coral), a stony rib, part of the skeleton of a coral * Costa (entomology), the leading edge of th ...
. It became a grade II listed building in 1977 and is described by
English Heritage English Heritage (officially the English Heritage Trust) is a charity that manages over 400 historic monuments, buildings and places. These include prehistoric sites, medieval castles, Roman forts and country houses. The charity states that i ...
as "a reminder of Wolverhampton's importance as a railway centre".


References

{{reflist Buildings and structures in Wolverhampton Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849 London and North Western Railway Great Western Railway Grade II listed buildings in the West Midlands (county) Rail transport in Wolverhampton Bus transport in the West Midlands (county) 1849 establishments in England