Qāḍī Sayyid Rāfiʿ Muḥammad Dasondhi ( ur, ; died ca 1090 AH/1679 AD) was a scholar of repute from Sakras, District Gurgaon (now in

Nuh district Nuh district (formerly known as Mewat district) is one of the 22 districts in the Indian state of Haryana. There are four sub-divisions in this district: Nuh, Ferozepur Jhirka, Punahana, and Taoru. It has an area of and had a population of 1. ...

, Haryana). He belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat.

Biography

Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad (alias Qazi Dasondhi) was a scholar of repute from Sakras, District Gurgaon (

Haryana Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land a ...

). He belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat. His copies of many judgments as Islamic lawyer were preserved in the Library of

Hakim Syed Karam Husain Hakim Syed Muhammad Karam Hussain (1870–25 June 1953) ( ur, ) was an Unani practitioner from Tijara, Alwar. Biography Education After initial education from his hometown 'Tijara', he moved to Meerut at the age of 14 years. In Meerut, he to ...

Tijara Tijara is a city and a municipality in Alwar district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. Tijara comes under the NCR area and is situated 48 km to the northeast of Alwar. The nearest railway station to Tijara is Khairthal. Bhiwadi is a census ...

Alwar Alwar (Pronunciation: �lʋəɾ is a city located in India's National Capital Region and the administrative headquarters of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan. It is located 150 km south of Delhi and 150 km north of Jaipur. ...

Family history

After the Changez khan's massacre in Iran (

Destruction under the Mongol Empire The Mongol conquests of the 13th century resulted in widespread and well-documented destruction. The Mongol army conquered hundreds of cities and villages and killed millions of people. One estimate is that about 11% of the world's population wa ...

), his family members migrated from Mashhad (

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

) to Sabzwar and then to India via Gardēz (

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

) during the reign of Sultan Shams-ud-din

Iltutmish Shams ud-Din Iltutmish ( fa, شمس الدین ایلتتمش; died 30 April 1236, ) was the third of the Mamluk dynasty (Delhi), Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid Empire, Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sove ...

(1211–1235). In

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

, this family was acclaimed later on as Gardēzī Sadaat and received many honorific titles from

Mughal emperors The Mughal emperors ( fa, , Pādishāhān) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled ...

. According to Akhbarul Akhyar by Shaikh Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi, the two brothers Mir Syed Shahabuddin and Mir Syed Shamsuddin Daod who belonged to

Gardezi Sadaat ''Sayyid'' (, ; ar, سيد ; ; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: ; feminine: ; ) is a surname of people descending from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, sons of Muhamma ...

came to

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders ...

during

times. The family of Mir Syed Shahabuddin was settled in Manikpur while the family of Mir Syed Shamsuddin Daod stayed at the region of Mewat. From the family of Manikpur, Raji Hamid Shah (caliph Shaikh Hisamuddin Manikpuri) was a famous scholar. The Lineal descendant of both these brothers in Mewat and Manikpur are remembered as

. According to Tarikhul Aimma fi Zikr Khulafai Ummah by Mir Mahboob Ali, "some family members of Syed Shamsuddin Daod were settled in Sabzwar, and hence also known as Syed Sabzwari". In relation to Gardez, Sultan Iltumish knew the family of Mir Syed Shamsuddin very well especially his father 'Mir Zainuddin' from Gardez. Sultan allowed to marry his sister with Mir Syed Shamsuddin. After the demise of his sister, his daughter got married with Mir Syed Shamsuddin. In this way, Mir Syed Shamsuddin enjoyed the royal courtship and remained with Sultan Iltumish. He had two sons Mir Imaduddin and Mir Azduddin. Mir Syed Shamsuddin died either during the reign of Nasiruddin Mahmud or in the period of

Ghiyas ud din Balban Ghiyas ud din Balban (1216–1287, reigned: 1266–1287) ( ur, ); (Hindi: ग़ियास उद-दीन बलबन); ( IAST: ''Ghiyās ud-Dīn Balban'') was the ninth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi. Ghiyas ud Din was the ''reg ...

. Because of close association with Sultan Iltumish, his family members were sent to jail during the reign of Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji and then

Alauddin Khalji Alaud-Dīn Khaljī, also called Alauddin Khilji or Alauddin Ghilji (), born Ali Gurshasp, was an emperor of the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent. Alauddin instituted a number of significant administrativ ...

. When Alauddin Khalji killed his uncle Jalaluddin Khalji in 1295 AD/ 695 AH, many prisoners ran away from the jails and many were killed. In this mayhem and confusion, Mir Imaduddin with his nephew Burhanuddin ran away and fled

to Ranthambore with Muhammad Shah, a rebel general of Sultan Alauddin Khalji in 1299 AD. At that time, Hammir Dev Chauhan was the king of

Ranthambore Fort Ranthambore Fort lies within the Ranthambore National Park, near the city of Sawai Madhopur in Sawai Madhopur district of Rajasthan, India. the park being the former hunting grounds of the Maharajahs of Jaipur until the time of India's Ind ...

. During the attack of

in 701AH/1301AD, both Mir Imaduddin and Burhanuddin were martyred and buried near the gate of

After Mir Imaduddin’s martyr, his family members including his son Syed Shamsuddin Sani (alias Syed Chajju Jagat Jaut) remained in Ranthambore for few more decades. According to Tarikh-i-Firuz_Shahi by

Ziauddin Barani Ziauddin Barani (1285–1358 CE) was a Muslim political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate located in present-day Northern India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firuz Shah's reign. He was best known for composing the ''Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi'' (also c ...

, the families that belonged in the period of Sultan

and remained in the period of

were also from ancestors of Syed Chajju. The name of Syed Chajju Gardezi is found in many books and journals. It is said that the Islamic mystic saints played a very important part towards the evolution of a common language, known as Hindustani. We get genuine specimens and authentic evidence of the linguistic assimilation in the religious literature of medieval India. This is evident in Indian names like ...Syed Chajju Gardezi The history during and after Syed Chajju Gardezi alias Chajju Jagat Jaut is not very distinguishable and traceable. According to

, the family of Syed Chajju were later on bestowed with vast lands by many kings near the areas of Mewat in return for their great services. Apart from Sakras ( Mewat), some members of Mir Imaduddin and Mir Burhanuddin were also settled in

Gujarat Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...

and

Deccan The large Deccan Plateau in southern India is located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, and is loosely defined as the peninsular region between these ranges that is south of the Narmada river. To the north, it is bounded by the ...

. From the Gujarat family, Qazi Mahmood (846 AH / 1442 AD – 925 AH / 1519 AD) got a reputation as scholar about whom Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi (d.1642 c.e.) mentioned in his manuscript as a great 'Sufi Shaikh' of Gujarat. Qazi Mahmood lived a good life during the Sultanate period of Gujarat at Ahmedabad at the times of Sultan Shams-ud Din Muzaffar Shah II (son of Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I). From Ahmedabad, he shifted to his native place 'Sarpore' (Gujarat) in 920 AH / 1514 AD where he lived till death. Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad (alias Qazi Dasondhi) was the great great grandson of Syed Shamsuddin Sani (alias Syed Chajju Jagat Jaut).

Marriages, children and in-laws

Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad was married to Latifun Nisan, the elder daughter of Husain Mohammad ibn Mohammad Jamal. With Latifun Nisan, he had five sons – Mohammad Baqar, Qazi Syed Inayatullah, Mohammad Asadullah, Mohammad Atiqullah Shaheed, Mohammad Rizqullah Shaheed and one daughter Bibi Rasti. Mohammad Baqar was married to Sultan Bibi from

Palwal Palwal is a city and a municipal council. It is the headquarters of Palwal district, the 21st district of Haryana state in northern India. It is a centre of the cotton trade in the area. It is also a part of National Capital Region. Etymo ...

, while Mohammad Asadullah was married to the daughter of Fatehullah of Sakras (

), Mohammad Atiqullah was married to Mehtab Bibi, daughter of Mohammad Khaliq ibn Mohammd Qaim ibn Fateh Mohammad ibn Mohammad Adam. Mohammad Atiqullah and Mohammad Rizqullah got

martyrdom A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an externa ...

(

Shaheed ''Shaheed'' ( , , ; pa, ਸ਼ਹੀਦ) denotes a martyr in Islam. The word is used frequently in the Quran in the generic sense of "witness" but only once in the sense of "martyr" (i.e. one who dies for his faith); ...

) during Sipâhigiri. Bibi Rasti (died

Dhu al-Qi'dah Dhu al-Qa'dah ( ar, ذُو ٱلْقَعْدَة, ', ), also spelled Dhu al-Qi'dah or Zu al-Qa'dah, is the eleventh month in the Islamic calendar. It could possibly mean "possessor or owner of the sitting and seating place" - the space occupied w ...

1147 AH / 1734 AD) was married to Qazi Ghulam Mustafa, who was honoured with the title of 'Nawab Kar Talab Khan' By

Bahadur Shah I Bahadur Shah I (14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712), also known as Muhammad Mu'azzam and Shah Alam I. was the eighth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1707 until his death in 1712. In his youth, he conspired to overthrow his father Aurangzeb, t ...

.Tazkirat us-Salatin Chaghta – A Mughal Chronicle of Post Aurangzeb Period (1707–1724) by Muhammad Hadi Kamwar Khan; edited Persian text and with an Introduction by Muzaffar Alam (1980), Centre of Advanced Study, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.) -202001, India Nawab Kar Talab Khan was a noble and

Emir Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or cer ...

during the reign of

Shah Alam Shah Alam () is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia and situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor ...

. Shah Alam also honoured him various awards and

Khalat A khalat ( fa, خلعت / ALA-LC: ''xalat''), also known as khelat ( bn, খেলাত), is a loose, long-sleeved outer silk or cotton robe common in Central Asia and South Asia and worn both by men and women, although in differing styles. ...

including Mansab Do Hazari (2,000), zaat wa sowar. He died on 2

Muharram Muḥarram ( ar, ٱلْمُحَرَّم) (fully known as Muharram ul Haram) is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months of the year when warfare is forbidden. It is held to be the second holiest month after ...

1129 AH/1716 and buried in

Ferozepur Jhirka Ferozepur Jhirka, also known as Ferojpur Jhirka, is a town, near Nuh city in Nuh district in the state of Haryana, India. History Ferozepur Jhirka was founded in 1419 by Wali (patriarch) of Mewat, Khanzada Feroz Khan who styled himself as R ...

. An epitaph from Ferozepur Jhirka, places the death of Kartalab Khan Bahadur, son of Shaikh Muhammad Asaf in AH 1123 (AD 1711). Khan Zaman Khan Ali Asghar was the son of Bibi Rasti and 'Nawab Kar Talab Khan' Qazi Ghulam Mustafa. Nawab Khan Zaman Khan Bahadur Ghalib Jung 'Ali Asghar' was

Mansabdar The Mansabdar was a military unit within the administrative system of the Mughal Empire introduced by Akbar. The word ''mansab'' is of Arabic origin meaning rank or position. The system determined the rank and status of a government official an ...

Punj Hazari (5,000)

and was posted first as

Faujdar Faujdar is a term of pre-Mughal origins. Under the Mughals it was an office that combined the functions of a military commander along with judicial and land revenue functions. In pre-Mughal times, the term referred to a military officer but d ...

at Moazamabad; Khidmat Daroghgi Topkhana, a store of

Armory (military) An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostl ...

Multan Multan (; ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, on the bank of the Chenab River. Multan is Pakistan's seventh largest city as per the 2017 census, and the major cultural, religious and economic centre of southern Punjab. Multan is one of the old ...

; Naib Subahdar at

Azimabad Azimabad ( hi, अज़ीमाबाद, ur, ) was the name of modern-day Patna during the eighteenth century, prior to the British Raj. Today, Patna is the capital of Bihar, a state in North India. In ancient times, Patna was known as Pata ...

(Patna); and then Subahdar at

Awadh Awadh (), known in British historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a region in the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before independence known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It is synonymous with the Kośāla region of ...

during the reign from

Farrukhsiyar Farrukhsiyar or Farrukh Siyar () (20 August 16839 April 1719) was the tenth emperor of the Mughal Empire from 1713 to 1719. He rose to the throne after assassinating his uncle, Emperor Jahandar Shah. Reportedly a handsome man who was easily ...

Muhammad Shah Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar; 7 August 1702 – 26 April 1748) was the 13th Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the ...

. The fort at

was built by him. He died in Shahjahanbad (Delhi) on 4 Zil Haj 1155 AH/30 January 1743Later Moghuls and Urdù literature by Iqtida Hasan, 1995, 319 pages After the death of Latifun Nisan, Syed Rafi Mohammad remarried to Kafia, daughter of Khan Mohammad of

and sister of Husain Mohammad. From Kafia, he had two sons Mir Imamudin and Mir Amanullah and two daughters Sahib Daulat (married to Barkhurdar Khan II alias Islam Khan V and Mah Bibi (married to Noorul Haq ibn Mian Abdur Rahman of

). Barkhurdar Khan II alias Islam Khan V (died 21 Safar 1147 AH / 1734 AD) was the son of Barkhurdar Khan I and great-grandson of

Islam Khan I Shaikh Alauddin Chisti (1570–1613; known as Islam Khan Chisti) was a Mughal general and the Subahdar of Bengal. He transferred the capital of Bengal from Rajmahal to Dhaka and renamed it Jahangirnagar. He was awarded the titular name of Isla ...

. Barkhurdar Khan II was

Punj Hazari (5,000) and also entitled 'Islam Khan' by Shah Alam and had Mansab 'Darogha Dīwān-e-Khās' (Superintendent of the Diwan-i-Khas) and

-e Fakhra and

-e Barani. He was 'Mir Atash' (the 'master gunner') to Bahadur Shah I before retirement from court, but was restored to his rank of 5,000 (3,000 horse), and appointed Mir Tuzak Awwal (chief Mir Tuzak / quarter-master general). Sahib Daulat and Barkhurdar II had two sons – elder son Ghulam Baqi aka Maddan was also entitled 'Barkhurdar Khan' (Barkhurdar III), while his younger son Ghulam Mohammad aka Saddan was killed (

martyred A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an externa ...

) during the fight between the English forces and

Shuja-ud-Daula Shuja-ud-Daula (b. – d. ) was the Subedar and Nawab of Oudh and the Vizier of Delhi from 5 October 1754 to 26 January 1775. Early life Shuja-ud-Daula was the son of the Mughal Grand Vizier Safdarjung chosen by Ahmad Shah Bahadur. Unlik ...

in 1765.

Legacy and descendants

* Mohammad Baqar had three daughters. The elder daughter Khairun Nisan was married to Mohammad Ikram son of Sultan Mohammad aka Qazi Mian of

. Qazi Mian (Sultan Mohammad) was married to Al-Huda, daughter of Mohammad Arif ibn Hussain Mohammad. The second daughter of Mohammad Baqar, Khaliq Bandi was married to Mohammad Muqtada son of Qazi Ghulam Murtaza of Tijara. The third daughter, Shaista was married to Masahib Ali son of Mohammad Atiqullah. Khairun Nisan had one son Abu Ishaq and one daughter Noorun Nisan, who was married to Mohammad Mureed son of Qazi Syed Hayatullah, while Khaliq Bandi had one son, Karimuddin. * Qazi Syed Inayatullah was married to Bibi Rasheedi, daughter of Durwesh Mohammad ibn Qazi Dost Mohammad of Pinangwan. All the grandchildren of Qazi Syed Inayatullah like forefathers lived in Sakras (Haryana) for around 500 years and were famous as

Qadi A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...

family or 'Sadaat-e Sakras'.

was the direct descendant of Qazi Syed Inayatullah. * Mohammad Asadullah had one son, Nasiruddin and three daughters Hafizah, Zarifah and Khadijah (married to Mohammad Azim, son of Mohammad Taqi ibn Abdul Hadi of

). Aminuddin was the son of Nasiruddin. * Mohammad Atiqullah had one son, Masahib Ali who was married to his cousin Shaista. * Mohammad Rizqullah died in an adulthood while

Spahi Spahis () were light-cavalry regiments of the French army recruited primarily from the indigenous populations of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. The modern French Army retains one regiment of Spahis as an armoured unit, with personnel now ...

giri. He was not married. * Mir Amanullah was married to Bibi Tajunnisan, daughter of Abdul Hai ibn Noor Munnawar ''Nirkhi''. * Mir Imamuddin was married to Bibi Mendu, daughter of Mohammad Shuja of

Notes

The father of Latifun Nisan, Husain Mohammad was the son of Mohammad Jamal ibn Mohammad Adam ibn Zainuddin ibn Moinuddin ibn Qazi Fatehullah of

. The second son of Mohammad Jamal was Mohammad Fazil, who had four sons – Farzullah, Mohammad Faiz, Fakhrullah and Umarullah. Apart from Moinuddin, Qazi Fatehullah had another son namely, Qazi Abdullah. The descendants of Qazi Abdullah were mostly “ Qazi” of cities while Moinuddin family adopted the profession as technical writer of rules and regulations (Nirkh Nawesi). It is interesting that different communities had different Nirkh in similar cases. Hence the son of Moinuddin (apart from Zainuddin), Ainuddin and his grand sons – Mohammad Talib, Noor Munnawar Nirkhi, Ataullah Nirkhi were all had profession as 'Nirkh Nawesi'. The son of Ataullah Nirkhi, Abul Fazal was married to the daughter of Khan Zaman Khan Ali Asghar.

References