''Pseudomyrmex'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of stinging, wasp-like
ants in the
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...
Pseudomyrmecinae
Pseudomyrmecinae is a small subfamily of ants containing only three genera of slender, large-eyed arboreal ants, predominantly tropical or subtropical in distribution. In the course of adapting to arboreal conditions (unlike the predominantly ...
. They are large-eyed, slender ants, found mainly in
tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
and
subtropical
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north a ...
regions of the
New World
The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. ...
.
Distribution and habitat
''Pseudomyrmex'' is predominantly
Neotropical
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In bioge ...
in distribution, but a few species are known from the
Nearctic
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...
region.
Most species are generalist twig nesters, for instance, ''
Pseudomyrmex pallidus'' may nest in the hollow stems of dead grasses, twigs of
herbaceous plants
Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials.
Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous"
The fourth edition of ...
, and in dead, woody twigs.
However, the genus is best known for several species that are obligate
mutualists with certain species of ''
Acacia
''Acacia'', commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa and Australasia. The genus nam ...
''. Other species have evolved obligate mutualism with other trees; for example ''Pseudomyrmex triplarinus'' is obligately dependent on any of a few trees in the genus ''
Triplaris''.
[Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007)]
Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte ''Triplaris americana''?.
''Acta Oecologica'' 32(1) 112–18.
Species
* ''
Pseudomyrmex acanthobius''
(Emery, 1896)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex adustus''
(Borgmeier, 1929)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex alternans''
(Santschi, 1936)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex alustratus''
Ward, 1989
* ''
Pseudomyrmex alvarengai''
Kempf, 1961
* ''
Pseudomyrmex antiguanus''
(Enzmann, 1944)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex antiquus''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex apache''
Creighton, 1953
* ''
Pseudomyrmex atripes''
(Smith, 1860)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex avitus''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex baros''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex beccarii''
(Menozzi, 1935)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex boopis''
(Roger, 1863)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex browni''
Kempf, 1967
* ''
Pseudomyrmex brunneus''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex caeciliae''
(Forel, 1913)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex championi''
(Forel, 1899)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex cladoicus''
(Smith, 1858)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex colei''
(Enzmann, 1944)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex concolor''
(Smith, 1860)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex coronatus''
(Wheeler, 1942)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex coruscus''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex cretus''
Ward, 1989
* ''
Pseudomyrmex cubaensis''
(Forel, 1901)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex curacaensis''
(Forel, 1912)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex dendroicus''
(Forel, 1904)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex denticollis''
(Emery, 1890)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex depressus''
(Forel, 1906)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex distinctus''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex duckei''
(Forel, 1906)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex eduardi''
(Forel, 1912)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex ejectus''
(Smith, 1858)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex elongatulus''
(Dalla Torre, 1892)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex elongatus''
(Mayr, 1870)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex endophytus''
(Forel, 1912)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex ethicus''
(Forel, 1911)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex euryblemma''
(Forel, 1899)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex excisus''
(Mayr, 1870)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex extinctus''
(Carpenter, 1930)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex faber''
(Smith, 1858)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex fervidus''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex fiebrigi''
(Forel, 1908)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex filiformis''
(Fabricius, 1804)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex flavicornis''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex flavidulus''
(Smith, 1858)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex gebellii''
(Forel, 1899)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex gibbinotus''
(Forel, 1908)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex godmani''
(Forel, 1899)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex goeldii''
(Forel, 1912)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex gracilis
''Pseudomyrmex gracilis'', also known as the graceful twig ant, Mexican twig ant, slender twig ant, or elongated twig ant, is a large, slender species native to Mexico and arid parts of the US. The workers are about in length and generally was ...
''
(Fabricius, 1804)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex haytianus''
(Forel, 1901)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex hesperius''
Ward, 1993
* ''
Pseudomyrmex holmgreni''
(Wheeler, 1925)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex incurrens''
(Forel, 1912)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex ita''
(Forel, 1906)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex janzeni''
Ward, 1993
* ''
Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli''
(Emery, 1890)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex laevifrons''
Ward, 1989
* ''
Pseudomyrmex laevigatus''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex laevivertex''
(Forel, 1906)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex leptosus''
Ward, 1985
* ''
Pseudomyrmex lynceus''
(Spinola, 1851)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex macrops''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex maculatus''
(Smith, 1855)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex major''
(Forel, 1899)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex malignus''
(Wheeler, 1921)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex mandibularis''
(Spinola, 1851)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex mixtecus''
Ward, 1993
* ''
Pseudomyrmex monochrous''
(Dalla Torre, 1892)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex nexilis''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex niger''
(Donisthorpe, 1940)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex nigrescens''
(Forel, 1904)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex nigrocinctus''
(Emery, 1890)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex nigropilosus''
(Emery, 1890)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex oculatus''
(Smith, 1855)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex oki''
(Forel, 1906)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex opaciceps''
Ward, 1993
* ''
Pseudomyrmex opacior''
(Forel, 1904)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex oryctus''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex osurus''
(Forel, 1911)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex pallens''
(Mayr, 1870)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex pallidus''
(Smith, 1855)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex particeps''
Ward, 1993
* ''
Pseudomyrmex pazosi''
(Santschi, 1909)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex peperi''
(Forel, 1913)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex perboscii''
(Guerin-Meneville, 1844)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex peruvianus''
(Wheeler, 1925)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex phyllophilus''
(Smith, 1858)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex pictus''
(Stitz, 1913)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex pisinnus''
Ward, 1989
* ''
Pseudomyrmex prioris''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex pupa''
(Forel, 1911)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex reconditus''
Ward, 1993
* ''
Pseudomyrmex rochai''
(Forel, 1912)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex rufiventris''
(Forel, 1911)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex rufomedius''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex salvini''
(Forel, 1899)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex santschii''
(Enzmann, 1944)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex satanicus''
(Wheeler, 1942)
* †''
Pseudomyrmex saxulum''
LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015
* ''
Pseudomyrmex schuppi''
(Forel, 1901)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex seminole''
Ward, 1985
* ''
Pseudomyrmex sericeus''
(Mayr, 1870)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex simplex''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex simulans''
Kempf, 1958
* ''
Pseudomyrmex solisi''
(Santschi, 1916)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex spiculus''
Ward, 1989
* ''
Pseudomyrmex spinicola''
(Emery, 1890)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex squamifer''
(Emery, 1890)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex subater''
(Wheeler, 1914)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex subtilissimus''
(Emery, 1890)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex succinus''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex tachigaliae''
(Forel, 1904)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex tenuis''
(Fabricius, 1804)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex tenuissimus''
(Emery, 1906)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex terminalis''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex termitarius''
(Smith, 1855)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex thecolor''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex triplaridis''
(Forel, 1904)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex triplarinus''
(Weddell, 1850)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex unicolor''
(Smith, 1855)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex urbanus''
(Smith, 1877)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex veneficus''
(Wheeler, 1942)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex venustus''
(Smith, 1858)
* †''
Pseudomyrmex vicinus''
Ward, 1992
* ''
Pseudomyrmex viduus''
(Smith, 1858)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex villosus''
Ward, 1989
* ''
Pseudomyrmex voytowskii''
(Enzmann, 1944)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex weberi''
(Enzmann, 1944)
* ''
Pseudomyrmex wheeleri''
(Enzmann, 1944)
References
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1156280
Pseudomyrmecinae
Ant genera
Hymenoptera of South America
Hymenoptera of North America
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot