Princess Tenagnework

Princess Tenagnework Haile Selassie, GBE baptismal name Fikirte Mariam (12 January 1912 – 6 April 2003), of Ethiopia was the eldest child of Emperor Haile Selassie and Empress Menen Asfaw.

Early life

Born in the city of Harar, Princess Tenagnework received her title upon her father's succession to the imperial throne in November 1930. Princess Tenagnework was first married to ''Ras'' Desta Damtew, a member of the prominent aristocratic Addisge clan. ''Ras'' Desta and Princess Tenagnework were the parents of two sons, Amha and Iskinder Desta (later Rear Admiral), and four daughters, Princesses Aida Desta, Seble Desta, Sophia Desta and Hirut Desta. ''Ras'' Desta Damtew was appointed Governor-General, first of Kaffa and Limu, and then of Sidamo.

In 1935, following the invasion of Ethiopia by Italy, the imperial family was forced to flee into exile at Fairfield House, Bath in England. However, ''Ras'' Desta remained behind to command the imperial forces fighting in the south of the country. ''Ras'' Desta was captured and summarily executed by the fascist forces. While in exile, Princess Tenagnework gave birth to ''Emebet'' Tsige Mariam (Mary) during a brief union with ''Ato'' Abebe Retta, who later served in ambassadorial and other roles in the post-war imperial government, and would eventually become president of the Imperial Senate after their separation.

Government career

In 1941, with British assistance, Emperor Haile Selassie was restored to his throne, and Princess Tenagnework and her children returned to Ethiopia. Unfortunately, her elder son, Amha Desta, died shortly before the return. Princess Tenagnework would eventually marry Betwoded (later Ras) Andargachew Messai, who had formerly served as "Afe-Mesfin" and representative for the underage Prince Makonnen in his Duchy of Harar. They were married at the Miskea Hazunan Medhane Alem Church ("Church of the Savior of the World, Consoler of the Bereaved") in September 1944. Bitwoded Andargachew was then appointed Governor-General of Begemder and Semien Provinces, and the couple were based in Gondar.

The couple then served as the Vice-Roy and Vice-Rein of Eritrea, representing the Emperor there when the former Italian colony was federated to Ethiopia in 1951. Bitwoded Andargachew served in many other governmental posts. He was elevated to the title of Ras, served as Minister of the Interior, and was made an Imperial Senator and a Crown Councilor. Princess Tenagnework and Ras Andargatchew Messai were the parents of a daughter, Mentewab Andargachew, who died in childhood. After the death of her mother, Empress Menen Asfaw in 1961, Princess Tenagnework became the most visible and foremost woman at the imperial court and played an ever-increasing advisory role to the monarch.

The princess was often described as the child most like her father in temperament and character. A strong personality credited with mostly conservative views, she was widely regarded as a guardian of the institution of the monarchy. She was perceived as a leader of the traditionalist element within the nobility, which was seen as opposing constitutional and land tenure reform.

Imprisonment

Princess Tenagnework and the rest of the imperial family were arrested on 11 September 1974, the day before Emperor Haile Selassie was formally deposed by the Derg. After a brief time when the family were kept under house arrest at the home of the late Duke of Harar, they were then moved to the Akaki Prison, also known as "Alem Bekagn" which translates to "I have had enough of this world". Princess Tenagnework and the other royal women were kept in the separate women's section of the prison, and Princess Tenagnework received the distinction of being listed as "Prisoner #1" in all Ethiopia. On 23 November 1974, the Derg executed sixty-one former officials of the imperial government without trial. Among the many relatives, friends and associates of the Princess to die at this time, was her remaining son, Rear Admiral Iskinder (Alexander) Desta.

The Princess was allowed a final visit with her father only a few days before his death in August 1975. That same year her daughter Tsige Mariam Abebe Retta had committed suicide by slitting her throat. Her niece Princess Ijigayehu Asfaw Wossen also died in that year under imprisonment due to untreated illness. Princess Tenagnework’s husband, Ras Andargachew Messai, who had been outside Ethiopia when the monarchy fell, died after a long illness in London a few years later (16 August 1981).

After an imprisonment of fifteen years, the women of the imperial family were freed in 1989. A year later, the imprisoned males of the family were also released. After living in Addis Ababa quietly for a little over a year, Princess Tenagnework and a few of the other members of the imperial family were allowed to depart into exile. Princess Tenagnework travelled to London and from there joined her only surviving brother, Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen in the Virginia suburbs of Washington DC.

Later life

Princess Tenagnework settled in her second exile, in the Virginia suburbs of Washington D.C. to be near her only surviving sibling, Amha Selassie (Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen). The imperial family was living mostly in the Washington area and in London at the time. The death of her brother in 1997 deeply affected her, and her health began to decline. She returned permanently to Ethiopia in 1999. On 5 November 2000, Emperor Haile Selassie was reburied at Holy Trinity Cathedral with much pomp conducted by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The Princess attended the burial, which was refused state funeral status by the EPRDF government.

Princess Tenagnework died in Addis Ababa on 6 April 2003. On 13 April, a funeral mass for the Princess was led by Abune Paulos, Patriarch of the Ethiopian Church, and was attended by most of the other hierarchs of the Ethiopian Church. Much of the old Ethiopian nobility and many members of the general public attended. She was buried in the crypt of Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa near the graves of her family.

Patronages

* President of the Ethiopian Women's Charitable Works Association (1941-1974).
* Patron of the Sebeta School and Center for the Blind.

Honours

National dynastic honours

* House of Solomon: Knight Grand Collar of the Imperial Order of Solomon
* House of Solomon: Knight Grand Cordon of the Imperial Order of the Seal of Solomon
* House of Solomon: Knight Grand Cordon with Collar of the Imperial Order of the Queen of Sheba
* House of Solomon: Recipient of the Refugees Medal
* House of Solomon: Recipient of the Emperor Haile Selassie I Coronation Medal
* House of Solomon: Recipient of the Silver Anniversary Medal of Emperor Haile Selassie I and Empress Menen
* House of Solomon: Recipient of the Emperor Haile Selassie I Ruby Jubilee and 75th Birthday Medal

Foreign honours

* : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
* : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog
* : Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honour
* Greek Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Beneficence
* : Paulownia Dame Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown
* : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
* : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav
* : Honorary Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire

Ancestry

References

External links

Obituary of Princess Tenagnework
at ''The Times''
Biography of Princess Tenagnework, with photographs

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tenagnework
1912 births
2003 deaths
People from Harari Region
Ethiopian Royal Family
Ethiopian princesses
Burials at Holy Trinity Cathedral (Addis Ababa)
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog
Grand Crosses of the Order of Beneficence (Greece)
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Order of the Precious Crown members
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown
Honorary Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Haile Selassie
Daughters of emperors