This is a list of prices of

chemical element A chemical element is a species of atoms that have a given number of protons in their nuclei, including the pure substance consisting only of that species. Unlike chemical compounds, chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler sub ...

s. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison. As of 2020, the most expensive non- synthetic element by both mass and volume is

rhodium Rhodium is a chemical element with the symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a very rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion-resistant transition metal. It is a noble metal and a member of the platinum group. It has only one naturally occurring i ...

. It is followed by caesium,

iridium Iridium is a chemical element with the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, it is considered the second-densest naturally occurring metal (after osmium) with a density of ...

and

palladium Palladium is a chemical element with the symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself na ...

by mass and iridium,

gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile me ...

and

platinum Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Its name originates from Spanish , a diminutive of "silver". Pla ...

volume Volume is a measure of occupied three-dimensional space. It is often quantified numerically using SI derived units (such as the cubic metre and litre) or by various imperial or US customary units (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). Th ...

. Of those elements, rhodium, caesium and gold have only one stable

isotope Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numb ...

(, and respectively), iridium has two ( & ) whereas palladium and platinum both have several. Carbon in the form of

diamond Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, ...

can be more expensive than rhodium. Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars. While the difficulty of obtaining macroscopic samples of synthetic elements in part explains their high value, there has been interest in converting base metals to gold ( Chrysopoeia) since ancient times, but only deeper understanding of nuclear physics has allowed the actual production of a tiny amount of gold from other elements for research purposes as demonstrated by

Glenn Seaborg Glenn Theodore Seaborg (; April 19, 1912February 25, 1999) was an American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, discovery and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned him a share of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His work i ...

. However, both this and other routes of synthesis of precious metals via

nuclear reaction In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, a nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei, or a nucleus and an external subatomic particle, collide to produce one or more new nuclides. Thus, a nuclear reaction must cause a transformatio ...

s is orders of magnitude removed from economic viability.

Chlorine Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine i ...

, sulfur and

carbon Carbon () is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—its atom making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon mak ...

(as coal) are cheapest by mass.

Hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic ...

nitrogen Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at se ...

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as ...

and chlorine are cheapest by volume at atmospheric pressure. When there is no public data on the element in its pure form, price of a

compound Compound may refer to: Architecture and built environments * Compound (enclosure), a cluster of buildings having a shared purpose, usually inside a fence or wall ** Compound (fortification), a version of the above fortified with defensive struc ...

is used, per mass of element contained. This implicitly puts the value of compounds' other constituents, and the cost of extraction of the element, at zero. For elements whose radiological properties are important, individual

s and isomers are listed. The price listing for radioisotopes is not exhaustive.

Notes

References

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United States Department of Energy The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and manages the research and development of nuclear power and nuclear weapons in the United Stat ...

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United States Geological Survey The United States Geological Survey (USGS), formerly simply known as the Geological Survey, is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, ...

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Kluwer Academic Publishers Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in ...

, language=en , doi=10.1007/0-306-47112-4_98 , isbn=978-0-306-46567-3 {{Cite web , first=Karen , last=Fan , date=2007 , title=Price of Liquid Nitrogen , editor-first=Glenn , editor-last=Elert , work=The Physics Factbook , url=https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2007/KarenFan.shtml , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723072752/https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2007/KarenFan.shtml , archive-date=2019-07-23 , url-status=live {{Cite web , title=Hydrofluoric Acid Market Remained Largely Stable This Week (Dec 1-7, 2017) , date=7 December 2017 , url=https://www.echemi.com/cms/9883.html , website=Echemi , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331083049/https://www.echemi.com/cms/9883.html , archive-date=2020-03-31 , url-status=live {{Cite encyclopedia , last1=Häussinger , first1=Peter , last2=Glatthaar , first2=Reinhard , last3=Rhode , first3=Wilhelm , last4=Kick , first4=Helmut , last5=Benkmann , first5=Christian , last6=Weber , first6=Josef , last7=Wunschel , first7=Hans-Jörg , last8=Stenke , first8=Viktor , last9=Leicht , first9=Edith , last10=Stenger , first10=Hermann , chapter=Noble Gases , doi=10.1002/14356007.a17_485 , date=15 March 2001 , encyclopedia=

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' is a major reference work related to industrial chemistry by Chemist Fritz Ullmann, first published in 1914, and exclusively in German as "Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie" until 1984. Hist ...

, editor-first=Barbara , editor-last=Elvers , display-editors=etal , edition=7th , publisher=Wiley-VCH , language=en , isbn=978-3-527-32943-4 , volume=24 , at=sec. 9. {{Cite web , title=Sodium , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250465 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203231942/https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250465 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite report , date=22 January 2020 , title=Preismonitor , url=https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Min_rohstoffe/Produkte/Preisliste/pm_19_12.pdf , publisher= Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources , language=de , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125021323/https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Min_rohstoffe/Produkte/Preisliste/pm_19_12.pdf , archive-date=2020-01-25 , url-status=live {{Cite web , date=15 October 2013 , title=Liquid Chlorine Demands Goes Up with Substantial Price Hike , url=http://en.cnagri.com/news/insight/20131015/297722.html , website=CnAgri , publisher=Beijing Orient Agribusiness Consultant , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114154522/http://en.cnagri.com/news/insight/20131015/297722.html , archive-date=2020-01-14 , url-status=live {{Cite web , title=Agreement Information 6238 , url=https://www.unlv.edu/purchasing/agreements6238 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221153502/https://www.unlv.edu/purchasing/agreements6238 , archive-date=2019-12-21 , url-status=dead , publisher=

University of Nevada, Las Vegas The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada. The campus is about east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes th ...

{{Cite web , title=Potassium , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250280 , website=price.metal.com , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203211556/https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250280 , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Calcium 98.5% , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250322 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203212051/https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250322 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Titanium Sponge , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201211080001 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203230442/https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201211080001 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Vanadium , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250299 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203230651/https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250299 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title= Tang Shan(Pig Iron) , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Pig-Iron/201808140002 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203202438/https://price.metal.com/spots/Pig-Iron/201808140002 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Germanium Ingot , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Indium-Germanium-Gallium/201102250090 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203230853/https://price.metal.com/spots/Indium-Germanium-Gallium/201102250090 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Arsenic Metal , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250593 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203231026/https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250593 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Current prices of strategic metals , date=July 2019 , url=https://en.institut-seltene-erden.de/current-prices-of-strategic-metals/ , publisher=Institute of Rare Earths and Metals , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114170535/https://en.institut-seltene-erden.de/current-prices-of-strategic-metals/ , archive-date=2020-01-14 , url-status=live {{Cite web , title=Zirconium Sponge , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250232 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203232234/https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250232 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Niobium , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250606 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203220140/https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250606 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite book , author=National Research Council , author-link=National Research Council (United States) , date=2009 , chapter=6. Molybdenum-99/Technetium-99m Production Costs , title=Medical Isotope Production without Highly Enriched Uranium , chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK215132/ , publisher=The National Academies Press , publication-place=Washington, D.C. , doi=10.17226/12569 , pmid=25009932 , isbn=978-0-309-13039-4 {{Cite book , first=C. R. , last=Hammond , editor-first=David R. , editor-last=Lide , chapter=The Elements , title=Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds , date=2004 , work= CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , isbn=978-0849304859 , edition=85th , publisher= CRC Press , pages=4-3–4-36 {{Cite book , first=C. R. , last=Hammond , editor-first=W. M. , editor-last=Haynes , editor-first2=David R. , editor-last2=Lide , editor-first3=Thomas J. , editor-last3=Bruno , chapter=The Elements , title=Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds , date=2016 , work= CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , isbn=978-1498754286 , edition=97th , publisher= CRC Press , pages=4-3–4-42 {{Cite web , title=Ruthenium , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Precious-Metals/201102250083 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203201134/https://price.metal.com/spots/Precious-Metals/201102250083 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , first=Michael , last=Greenfield , date=2 August 2019 , title=Iodine prices hold firm although sellers' report higher deal values , url=https://www.indmin.com/Article/3887037/Iodine/Iodine-prices-hold-firm-although-sellers-report-higher-deal-values.html , website=

Industrial Minerals Industrial resources (minerals) are geological materials which are mined for their commercial value, which are not fuel (fuel minerals or mineral fuels) and are not sources of metals (metallic minerals) but are used in the industries based on th ...

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, volume=I , page=9.3 {{Cite web , title=Lanthanum , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Rare-Earth/201102250302 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203200635/https://price.metal.com/spots/Rare-Earth/201102250302 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Cerium , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Rare-Earth/201102250153 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203195413/https://price.metal.com/spots/Rare-Earth/201102250153 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Promethium , date=2003 , url=https://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/elements/61.html , website=Radiochemistry Society , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116014905/http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/elements/61.html , archive-date=2018-11-16 , url-status=live {{Cite book , first1=Stephen B. , last1=Castor , first2=James B. , last2=Hedrick , date=2006 , chapter=Rare Earth Elements , title=Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses , editor-first=Jessica Elzea , editor-last=Kogel , editor-first2=Nikhil C. , editor-last2=Trivedi , editor-first3=James M. , editor-last3=Barker , editor-first4=Stanley T. , editor-last4=Krukowski , publisher=

Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) is a professional association for mining and metallurgy, with over 145,000 members. It was founded in 1871 by 22 mining engineers in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Un ...

, isbn=978-0-87335-233-8 , edition=7th , oclc=62805047 , page=785 {{Cite web , title=Rhenium , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250036 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203211349/https://price.metal.com/spots/Other-Minor-Metals/201102250036 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite web , title=Iridium , date=3 February 2020 , url=https://price.metal.com/spots/Precious-Metals/201102250587 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20200203211034/https://price.metal.com/spots/Precious-Metals/201102250587 , website=price.metal.com , archive-date=2020-02-03 , url-status=dead , publisher= Shanghai Metals Market {{Cite report , first=Joseph , last=Gambogi , date=August 2016 , title=Thorium , url=https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/thorium-statistics-and-information , doi=10.3133/mybvi , doi-access=free , work= Minerals Yearbook 2012 , publisher=

, volume=I , page=76.3 {{Cite report , title=2018 Uranium Marketing Annual Report , date=May 2019 , url=https://www.eia.gov/uranium/marketing/ , publisher= U.S. Energy Information Administration , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217112144/https://www.eia.gov/uranium/marketing/ , archive-date=2020-02-17 , url-status=live , page=1 {{Cite web , url=https://science.osti.gov/nbl/Certified-Reference-Materials/Prices-and-Certificates/Plutonium-CRMs , title=Plutonium Certified Reference Materials Price Lists , date=20 June 2019 , publisher= U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information , language=en-US {{Cite web , first=Carey , last=Sublette , title=Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions: Section 6.0 Nuclear Materials , url=https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq6.html , date=20 February 1999 , website=The Nuclear Weapon Archive , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325210031/http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq6.html , archive-date=2020-03-25 , url-status=live {{Cite web , url=https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/h2a_production.html , title=DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program: DOE H2A Production Analysis , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306155800/http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/h2a_production.html , archive-date=2012-03-06 , url-status=live , website=Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Program , publisher=

{{Cite web , url=https://www.airproducts.com/products/Gases/gas-facts/physical-properties/physical-properties-deuterium.aspx , title=Physical Properties for Deuterium , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827215520/http://www.airproducts.com/products/Gases/gas-facts/physical-properties/physical-properties-deuterium.aspx , archive-date=2019-08-27 , publisher=

Air Products & Chemicals Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is an American international corporation whose principal business is selling gases and chemicals for industrial uses. Air Products' headquarters is in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley region of Pen ...

{{Cite web , title=DEUTERIUM OXIDE (D, 99%) , publisher=Cambridge Isotope Laboratories , url=https://shop.isotope.com/productdetails.aspx?itemno=DLM-4-99-PK , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616185359/https://shop.isotope.com/productdetails.aspx?itemno=DLM-4-99-PK , archive-date=2019-06-16 , url-status=live {{Cite journal , last=Stone , first=Richard , date=2016-04-22 , title=U.S. goes shopping in Iran's nuclear bazaar, will buy heavy water for science , url=https://www.science.org/content/article/us-goes-shopping-iran-s-nuclear-bazaar-will-buy-heavy-water-science , journal=Science , doi=10.1126/science.aaf9962 , issn=0036-8075 , doi-access=free {{Cite web , first=Phil , last=Kornbluth , date=31 August 2018 , title=BLM reaps surprising windfall from FY 2019 Crude Helium Auction , url=https://www.gasworld.com/blm-reaps-windfall-from-fy-2019-helium-auction/2015344.article , website=gasworld {{Cite report , first=Donald W. , last=Olson , date=January 2020 , title=Diamond, Industrial , url=https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/industrial-diamond-statistics-and-information , doi=10.3133/mybvi , doi-access=free , work= Minerals Yearbook 2016 , publisher=

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See also

Notes

References