Pretty Baby (1978 film)

''Pretty Baby'' is a 1978 American historical drama film directed by Louis Malle, and starring Brooke Shields, Keith Carradine, and Susan Sarandon. The screenplay was written by Polly Platt. The plot focuses on a 12-year-old prostitute in the red-light district of New Orleans in 1917.

The title of the film is inspired by the Tony Jackson song "Pretty Baby", which is used in the soundtrack. Although the film was mostly praised by critics, it caused significant controversy due to its depiction of child prostitution and the nude scenes of Brooke Shields, who was 12 years old at the time of filming.

Plot

In 1917, during the last months of legal prostitution in Storyville, the red-light district of New Orleans, Louisiana, Hattie is a prostitute working at an elegant brothel run by the elderly, cocaine-sniffing Madame Nell. Hattie has given birth to a baby boy and has a 12-year-old daughter, Violet, who lives in the house. When photographer Ernest J. Bellocq comes with his camera, Hattie and Violet are the only people awake. He asks to be allowed to take photographs of the women. Madame Nell agrees only after he offers to pay.

Bellocq becomes a fixture in the brothel, photographing the prostitutes, mostly Hattie. His activities fascinate Violet, though she believes he is falling in love with her mother, which makes her jealous. Violet is a restless child, frustrated by the long, precise process Bellocq must go through to compose and take pictures.

Nell decides that Violet is old enough for her virginity to be auctioned off. After a bidding war among regulars, Violet is bought by an apparently quiet customer. Hattie, meanwhile, aspires to escape prostitution. She marries a customer and leaves for St. Louis without her daughter, whom her husband believes to be her sister. Hattie promises to return for Violet, once she's settled and has broken the news to the new spouse.

Violet runs away from the brothel after being punished for some hijinks. She appears on Bellocq's doorstep and asks him if he will sleep with her and take care of her. He initially says no, but then he takes her in and commences having a sexual relationship with the child. In many ways, their relationship resembles one between a parent and child, with Bellocq standing in for Violet's absent mother. Bellocq even buys Violet a doll, telling her that "every child should have a doll". Bellocq is entranced by Violet's beauty, youth, and photogenic face. She is frustrated by Bellocq's devotion to his photography and lack of care for her as a dependent, as much as he is frustrated by the reality that she is a child.

Violet eventually returns to Nell's after quarreling with Bellocq, but social reform groups are forcing the brothels of Storyville to close. Bellocq arrives to wed Violet, ostensibly to protect her from the larger world.

Two weeks after the wedding, Hattie and her husband arrive from St. Louis to collect Violet, claiming that her marriage is illegal without their consent. Bellocq does not want to let Violet go. Violet asks if he will go with her and her family. Upon hearing that she does in fact want to go with them, he lets her leave without him, realizing that schooling and a more conventional life will benefit her greatly.

Cast

Production

Following her acclaimed performance as a child prostitute in ''Taxi Driver'' (1976), the studio was keen on casting Jodie Foster as Violet. However, Malle rejected the idea as he thought the role should be played by a 12-year-old only, and Foster was 14.
Brooke Shields maintains that it was no big deal to shoot her nude scenes. "I did not experience any distress or humiliation," she writes. What she does remember was trying not to look as if "I'd just sucked on a lemon" before her on-screen kiss with 29-year-old Keith Carradine ("Keith was so kind," she writes) and being soundly slapped – on-screen and for real – by Susan Sarandon.

Film music

ABC Records released a soundtrack of the film's ragtime score, which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adaptation Score in the "Adaptation Score" category.

Content and rating

''Pretty Baby'' received an R rating in the United States, an X rating in the United Kingdom (18 following a change to the ratings system), and an R18+ rating in Australia, for nudity and sexual content. Continuing controversy over Shields's nude scenes resulted in the film being banned in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Saskatchewan until 1995. Gossip columnist Rona Barrett called the film "child pornography", and director Louis Malle was described as a "combination of '' Lolita''s Humbert Humbert and (by that point) controversial director Roman Polanski". In Argentina, the film, along with another of Paramount's recent releases ('' Looking for Mr. Goodbar''), was banned under the regime of Jorge Rafael Videla during that country's last civil/military dictatorship due in large part to the "pornographic" content that was present in both films. For five years, the film was also banned by the apartheid regime in South Africa.

In addition to the issue of child prostitution, the scenes involving a nude 12-year-old Brooke Shields were controversial.McMurran, Kristen
"Pretty Brooke"
, ''People'' (May 29, 1978). The BBFC originally censored two scenes for the film's cinema release in the UK to remove nudity, but the uncut version was released on DVD in 2006. This same uncut print is the basis of the Region 1 and Region 2 DVD editions worldwide.

Reception

Box office

''Pretty Baby'' earned $5.8 million in the United States.

Critical reception

The film received mostly positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 71% of 28 critics had given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 6.88/10."''Pretty Baby'' (1978)".
Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 20, 2020.

In his ''New York Times'' review Vincent Canby wrote: "Mr. Malle, the French director ... has made some controversial films in his time but none, I suspect, that is likely to upset convention quite as much as this one – and mostly for the wrong reasons. Though the setting is a whorehouse, and the lens through which we see everything is Violet, who ... herself becomes one of Nell's chief attractions, ''Pretty Baby'' is neither about child prostitution nor is it pornographic." Canby ended his review with the claim that ''Pretty Baby'' is "... the most imaginative, most intelligent, and most original film of the year to date."

Similarly, ''Chicago Sun-Times'' critic Roger Ebert, who gave the film three stars out of four, discussed how "... ''Pretty Baby'' has been attacked in some quarters as child porn. It's not. It's an evocation of a time and a place and a sad chapter of Americana."Ebert, Roger
"''Pretty Baby'',"
(June 1, 1978). He also praised Shields's performance, writing that she "... really creates a character here; her subtlety and depth are astonishing."

On the other hand, ''Variety'' wrote that "the film is handsome, the players nearly all effective, but the story highlights are confined within a narrow range of ho-hum dramatization." ''Mountain Xpress'' critic Ken Hanke, looking at the film from the perspective of 2003, said of ''Pretty Baby'': "It was once shocking and dull. Now it's just dull."

''The New York Times'' placed the film on its ''Best 1000 Movies Ever'' list.The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made.
''The New York Times'' via Internet Archive. Published April 29, 2003. Retrieved June 12, 2008.

Awards

The film won the Technical Grand Prize at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival.

References

External links

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Making of Pretty Baby: Photo Gallery

{{Louis Malle

1978 films
1978 directorial debut films
1978 drama films
1970s erotic drama films
1970s historical drama films
American erotic drama films
American historical drama films
1970s English-language films
Films about child prostitution
Films about prostitution in the United States
Films directed by Louis Malle
Films set in 1917
Films set in New Orleans
Films shot in New Orleans
Juvenile sexuality in films
Obscenity controversies in film
Paramount Pictures films
1970s American films