This is a survey of the postage stamps and

postal history Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is att ...

of Montenegro.

Early postal history

During the first part of the 19th century private letters from Montenegro are very rare. It is mainly official and ecclesiastical letters carried by couriers that are to be found.The Postal History of Montenegro 1799–1916
Retrieved 17 October 2009

Austrian post offices

In 1854 an Austrian Post Office, operated by Österreichischer Lloyd, was opened in Antivari, then in the Ottoman Empire, now known as

Bar Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar * Chocolate bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud * Bar (u ...

; this office was closed in 1878 when the town was returned to Montenegro. The stamps used during this period were the issues for Austrian post offices in the Ottoman Empire.

First stamps of Montenegro

The first stamps to be issued by Montenegro were in 1874 which coincided with the opening of the first post office for public use. The design of the stamps had a bust of

Prince Nicholas Nicholas Teo () is a Malaysian Chinese singer under Good Tengz Entertainment Sdn Bhd. (Malaysia) Career Pre debut Before returning to Malaysia, Nicholas was studying in Taiwan, where he won the Best Singer in a competition among all the Tai ...

. In 1893 seven different values of the existing stamps were overprinted to commemorate the 400th Anniversary of introduction of printing into Montenegro. In 1896 a range of 12 stamps were issued for the bicentenary of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty. 1902 saw the introduction of new currency and new stamps with a new design and a new bust of Prince Nicholas. Montenegro was one of the few European countries to issue a stamp for the ''

Avis de réception Avis is Latin for bird and may refer to: Aviation *Auster Avis, a 1940s four-seat light aircraft developed from the Auster Autocrat (abandoned project) *Avro Avis, a two-seat biplane *Scottish Aeroplane Syndicate Avis, an early aircraft built by ...

'' service. StampMontenegro1893Michel9II.jpg, An 1874 stamp of Montenegro commemorating the 400th Anniversary of introduction of printing StampMontenegro1895Michel21.jpg, An 1895 Avis de Réception stamp Stamp Montenegro 1896 50n.jpg, An 1896 stamp of Montenegro marking the bicentenary of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty

Twentieth century

In 1905 a new Constitution was passed in Montenegro and this resulted in existing stamps being overprinted to commemorate the event. Another change in currency in 1907 produced new stamps with another design incorporating the bust of Prince Nicholas. On the 50th anniversary of the reign of Prince Nicholas, in 1910, he was crowned

King of Montenegro King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

and the principality was proclaimed a kingdom. This resulted in a new range of stamps being issued to commemorate this event. In 1912 a new set of definitive stamps incorporating the bust of King Nicholas was issued.

Austro-Hungarian occupation

March 1917 overprint

Austria-Hungary occupied Montenegro in 1915. Austro-Hungarian military stamps were overprinted and issued in 1917. Only 2 stamps were officially issued by Austria-hungary during World War I on 1 March 1917: 10 heller and 15 heller ''Feldpostmarken'' with a double vertical overprint K.u.K. Milit.-Verwaltung Montenegro. The general public, however, used stamps of Austria during the occupation.

Non-official overprint

Stamps with horizontal Montenegro overprint are not official ''nicht verausgabte'', and were printed for the first anniversary of Austrian troops occupationFerchenbauer, p.398. File:StampAustro-Hungary(Montenegro)1917Michel2.jpg, Overprinted 15-heller Austro-Hungarian military stamp File:Stamp Austria Feldpost Montenegro-II.jpg, Non-issued Montenegro overprint in 1917

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

On 13 November 1918 Montenegro was united with Serbia. In 1922 it became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Then in 1929 this became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

WWII

Montenegro was occupied by Italy in 1941. The Protectorate of Montenegro was established and issued stamps until 1943. After the withdrawal of Italy from the war, the territory of Montenegro was occupied by Germany in September 1943.

''Kotor'' issues

In April 1941, Kotor and the adjacent territories of the Montenegrin coast were annexed and incorporated into Italy as the Province of Cattaro of the Governorate of Dalmatia. After Italy surrendered to the

Allies An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...

, the territory of the province of Cattaro was occupied by German troops in September 1943. Stamps were issued under the German military administration for Kotor in 1944. File:StampMontenegro(it)1941Michel1.jpg, A Yugoslav stamp overprinted for Montenegro under Italian occupation File:StampMontenegro(it)1943Michel54.jpg, Stamp of Montenegro under Italian occupation File:StampMontenegro(germ)1943Michel4.jpg, A Yugoslav stamp overprinted "Deutsche / Militär- / Verwaltung / Montenegro" ("German Military Administration of Montenegro") for Montenegro under German occupation File: StampKotor1944Michel7.jpg, A Yugoslav stamp overprinted for Kotor under German occupation

Post war

After 1944 Montenegro became part of the

federal republic A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means: "a country that is governed by elected representatives ...

of Yugoslavia and then the Union of

Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...

in 2003.

Modern Montenegro

Stamps for Montenegro again resumed issuing in 2005. Montenegro declared independence on 3 June 2006.

Postal stationery

The postal stationery issued by Montenegro used the same designs as those used for stamps. Postcards were first issued in 1888, envelopes and newspaper wrappers in 1893, and lettercards in 1894. The design of all these was the bust of Prince Nicholas as first used for stamps in 1874. Higgins & Gage World Postal Stationery Catalog In 1893, only envelopes and postcards were overprinted to commemorate the 400th anniversary of introduction of printing into Montenegro. In 1896 all the different items of stationery were issued for 200th anniversary of Petrovich Niegush Dynasty. The 1902 new stamp design of the bust of Prince Nicholas was also employed on all the items of postal stationery. In 1906, envelopes, lettercards and postcards were overprinted to commemorate the granting of the constitution. The 1907 and 1912 (in 1913) stamp designs were also used on all four items of postal stationery.

References

External links

Montenegro
at the ''Encyclopedia of Postal History''
Montenegro Post
{{PostalhistoryEurope Austria–Montenegro relations Philately of Montenegro Philately of Austria Military history of Austria-Hungary