Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional cartoon character created by E. C. Segar, Elzie Crisler Segar.Segar, Elzie (Crisler) – Encyclopædia Britannica Article
Britannica.com. Retrieved on March 29, 2013.Goulart, Ron, "Popeye", ''St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture''. Detroit: St. James Press, 2000. (Volume 4, pp. 87-8).Walker, Brian. ''The Comics: The Complete Collection''. New York: Abrams ComicArts, 2011. (pp. 188-9,191, 238-243) The character first appeared in the daily King Features Syndicate, King Features comic strip ''Thimble Theatre'' on January 17, 1929, and ''Popeye'' became the strip's title in later years. The character has also appeared in theatrical and television animated cartoons. Segar's ''Thimble Theatre'' strip was in its 10th year when Popeye made his debut, but the one-eyed sailor quickly became the main focus of the strip, and ''Thimble Theatre'' became one of King Features' most popular properties during the 1930s. After Segar died in 1938, ''Thimble Theatre'' was continued by several writers and artists, most notably Segar's assistant Bud Sagendorf. The strip continues to appear in first-run installments in its Sunday edition, written and drawn by R.K. Milholland. The daily strips are reprints of old Sagendorf stories. In 1933, Max Fleischer adapted the ''Thimble Theatre'' characters into a series of ''Popeye the Sailor (film series), Popeye the Sailor'' theatrical cartoon shorts for Paramount Pictures. These cartoons proved to be among the most popular of the 1930s, and Fleischer—and later Paramount's own Famous Studios—continued production through 1957, these productions included Allied propaganda during the Second World War. These cartoon shorts are now owned by Turner Entertainment and distributed by its sister company Warner Bros. Over the years, Popeye has also appeared in comic books, television cartoons, video games, hundreds of advertisements, peripheral products ranging from spinach to candy cigarettes, and the Popeye (film), 1980 live-action film directed by Robert Altman and starring Robin Williams as Popeye. Charles M. Schulz said, "I think ''Popeye'' was a perfect comic strip, consistent in drawing and humor". In 2002, ''TV Guide'' ranked Popeye number 20 on its "50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time" list.

Fictional character and story

Popeye's story and characterization vary depending on the medium. Originally, Popeye got "luck" from rubbing the head of the Whiffle Hen; by 1932, he was instead getting "strength" from eating spinach. Swee'Pea is Popeye's ward in the comic strips, but he is often depicted as belonging to Olive Oyl in cartoons. There is no absolute sense of continuity in the stories, although certain plot and presentation elements remain mostly constant, including purposeful contradictions in Popeye's capabilities. Popeye seems bereft of manners and uneducated, yet he often comes up with solutions to problems that seem insurmountable to the police or the scientific community. He has displayed Sherlock Holmes-like investigative prowess, scientific ingenuity, and successful diplomatic arguments. In the animated cartoons his pipe also proves to be highly versatile. Among other things, it has served as a cutting torch, jet engine, propeller, periscope, musical instrument, and a whistle with which he produces his trademark toot. He also eats spinach through his pipe, sometimes sucking in the can along with the contents. Since the 1970s, Popeye is seldom depicted using his pipe to smoke tobacco. Popeye's exploits are also enhanced by a few recurring plot elements. One is the love triangle among Popeye, Olive, and Bluto (sometimes called Brutus), and Bluto's endless machinations to claim Olive at Popeye's expense. Another is his near-saintly perseverance in overcoming any obstacle to please Olive, who often (if temporarily) renounces Popeye for Bluto.

''Thimble Theatre'' and ''Popeye'' comic strips

Segar's ''Thimble Theatre'' debuted in the ''New York Journal-American, New York Journal'' on December 19, 1919. The paper's owner, William Randolph Hearst, also owned King Features Syndicate, which syndicated the strip. ''Thimble Theatre'' was intended as a replacement for ''Midget Movies'' by Ed Wheelan (Wheelan having recently resigned from King Features).Clark, Alan and Laurel. ''Comics: An Illustrated History''. London, Green Wood Publishing, 1992. (p.54) While initially failing to attract a large audience, the strip nonetheless increasingly accumulated a modest following as the 1920s continued. At the end of its first decade, the strip resultantly appeared in over a dozen newspapers and had acquired a corresponding Sunday strip (which had debuted on January 25, 1925 within the Hearst-owned ''New York Journal-American, New York American'' paper). OriginalThimbleTheatreCast

''Thimble Theatre's'' first main characters were the lanky, long-nosed slacker Harold Hamgravy (rapidly shortened to simply "Ham Gravy") and his headstrong, neurotic girlfriend Olive Oyl. In its earliest weeks, the strip featured the duo, alongside a rotating cast of primarily one-shot characters, acting out various stories and scenarios in a parodic theatre, theatrical style (hence the strip's name). As its first year progressed, however, numerous elements of this premise would be relinquished (including the recurring character "Willie Wormwood", introduced as a parody of melodrama villainy), soon rendering the strip a series of episodic comic anecdotes depicting the daily life and dysfunctional romantic exploits of Ham Gravy and Olive Oyl. It could be classified as a gag-a-day comic in those days. In mid-1922, Segar began to increasingly engage in lengthier (often months-long) storylines; by the end of the following year, the strip had effectively transitioned fully into a comedy-adventure fiction, adventure style focalizing Ham, Olive, and Olive's ambitious-but-myopic brother Castor Oyl, initially a minor character yet arguably the protagonist of the strip by 1924. Castor and Olive's parents Cole and Nana Oyl also made frequent appearances. By the late 1920s, the strip had likewise acquired a number of notable characters beyond the sphere of Ham Gravy and the Oyl family, including Castor Oyl's wife Cylinda (to whom he was married from 1926 to 1928), her wealthy, misanthropic father Mr. Lotts and Castor's Cockfighting, fighting cockerel Blizzard, all of whom had vanished or more explicitly exited the strip by the close of 1928. Popeye first appeared in the strip on January 17, 1929, as a minor character. He was initially hired by Castor Oyl and Ham Gravy to crew a ship for a voyage to Dice Island, the location of a casino owned by the crooked gambler Fadewell. Castor intended to break the bank at the casino using the unbeatable good luck conferred by stroking the hairs on the head of Bernice the Whiffle Hen. Weeks later, on the trip back, Popeye was shot many times by Jack Snork, a stooge of Fadewell's, but survived by rubbing Bernice's head. After the adventure, Popeye left the strip, but, owing to reader reaction, he was brought back after an absence of only five weeks. Ultimately, the Popeye character became so popular that he was given a larger role by the following year, and the strip was taken up by many more newspapers as a result. Initial strips presented Olive as being less than impressed with Popeye, but she eventually left Ham to become Popeye's girlfriend, precipitating Ham's exit as a regular in mid-1930. Over the years, however, she has often displayed a fickle attitude towards the sailor. Initially, Castor Oyl continued to come up with get-rich-quick schemes and enlisted Popeye in his misadventures. By 1932, however, he settled down as a detective and later on bought a ranch out west. Castor's appearances have resultantly become sparser over time. As Castor faded from the strip, J. Wellington Wimpy, a soft-spoken and eloquent yet cowardly hamburger-loving moocher who would "gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today" was introduced into the Sunday strip, which he had evolved into a prominent fixture of by late 1932. After first appearing in the daily strip in March 1933, Wimpy became a full-time major character alongside Popeye and Olive. In July 1933, Popeye received a foundling baby in the mail whom he adopted and named Swee'Pea. Other regular characters introduced into the strip following its retool in 1930 were George W. Geezil, an irascible shoemaking, cobbler who spoke in a heavily affected accent and habitually attempted to murder or wish death upon Wimpy, Rough-House, the temperamental owner of a budget diner (and resultant long-suffering foil to Wimpy), Eugene the Jeep, a yellow, vaguely doglike animal from Africa with magic in fiction, magical powers, the Sea Hag, a terrible pirate and the last witch on Earth, Alice the Goon, a monstrous creature who entered the strip as the Sea Hag's henchwoman and continued as Swee'Pea's babysitter, the hapless, perpetually anxious King Blozo, Popeye's lecherous, superannuated father Poopdeck Pappy and Toar, an ageless, dim-witted caveman. Segar's strip was quite different from the theatrical cartoons that followed. The stories were more complex (often spanning months), with many characters that never appeared in the cartoons (among them King Blozo, Toar and Rough-House). Spinach usage, a trait introduced in July 1931, was comparatively infrequent, and Bluto appeared within only one story arc. Segar signed some of his early Popeye comic strips with a cigar, his last name being a homophone of "cigar" (pronounced SEE-gar). Comics historian Brian Walker stated: "Segar offered up a masterful blend of comedy, fantasy, satire and suspense in ''Thimble Theater Starring Popeye''". Owing to Popeye's increasingly high profile, ''Thimble Theatre'' became one of King Features' most popular strips during the 1930s. A poll of adult comic strip readers in the April 1937 issue of ''Fortune (magazine), Fortune'' magazine voted ''Popeye'' their second-favorite comic strip (after ''Little Orphan Annie''). By 1938, ''Thimble Theatre'' was running in 500 newspapers, and over 600 licensed "Popeye" products were on sale. The success of the strip meant Segar was earning $100,000 a year at the time of his death. The strip continued after Segar's death in 1938; a series of artists performed the work. Following an eventual name change to ''Popeye'' in the 1970s, the comic remains one of the longest-running strips in syndication today.

Toppers

''Thimble Theatre'' had a number of topper (comic strip), topper strips on the Sunday page during its run; the main topper, ''Sappo'', ran for 21 years, from February 28, 1926, to May 18, 1947. (''Sappo'' was a revival of an earlier Segar daily strip called ''The Five-Fifteen'', aka ''Sappo the Commuter'', which ran from February 9, 1921, to February 17, 1925.) For seven weeks in 1936, Segar replaced ''Sappo'' with ''Pete and Pansy – For Kids Only'' (Sept 27 - Nov 8, 1936). There were also a series of topper panel strips that ran next to ''Sappo''. Segar drew one of them, ''Popeye's Cartoon Club'' (April 8, 1934 – May 5, 1935). The rest were produced by Joe Musial and Bud Sagendorf: ''Wiggle Line Movie'' (September 11 – November 13, 1938), ''Wimpy's Zoo's Who'' (November 20, 1938 – December 1, 1940), ''Play-Store'' (December 8, 1940 – July 18, 1943), ''Popeye's Army and Navy'' (July 25 – September 12, 1943), ''Pinup Jeep'' (September 19, 1943 - April 2, 1944), and ''Me Life by Popeye'' (April 9, 1944-?).

Artists after Segar

Following Segar's illness and eventual death in 1938 (with his final ''Thimble Theatre'' strip appearing October 2 of that year), numerous people were hired to draw and write the strip. Tom Sims, the son of a Coosa River channel-boat captain, acted as the writer for ''Thimble Theatre'' beginning in August 1938 and established the ''Popeye the Sailorman'' spin-off. Doc Winner, who had previously filled in for Segar between January and May 1938, initially acted as Sims' artist, with Bela Zaboly succeeding him by December 1939. In 1954, Sims relinquished writing duties on the daily strip to Ralph Stein, who would continue to collaborate with Zaboly until both the daily and Sunday strips were taken over by Bud Sagendorf in 1959. Sagendorf wrote and drew the daily strip until 1986, and continued to write and draw the Sunday strip until his death in 1994. Sagendorf, who had been Segar's assistant, made a definite effort to retain much of Segar's classic style, although his art is instantly discernible. Sagendorf continued to use many obscure characters from the Segar years, especially O. G. Wotasnozzle and King Blozo. Sagendorf's new characters, such as the Thung, also had a very Segar-like quality. What set Sagendorf apart from Segar more than anything else was his sense of pacing. Where plotlines moved very quickly with Segar, it sometimes took an entire week of Sagendorf's daily strips for the plot to be advanced even a small amount. From 1986 to 1992, the daily strip was written and drawn by Bobby London, who, after some controversy, was fired from the strip for a story that could be taken to satirize abortion. London's strips put Popeye and his friends in updated situations, but kept the spirit of Segar's original. One classic storyline, titled "The Return of Bluto", showed the sailor battling every version of the bearded bully from the comic strip, comic books, and animated films. The Sunday edition of the comic strip was drawn by Hy Eisman, from 1994 to 2022. Following Eisman's retirement, the Sunday strip was taken over by R.K. Milholland, who had previously contributed ''Popeye'' cartoons to the web-only feature ''Popeye's Cartoon Club'' in 2019 and 2020. The daily strip has featured reruns of Sagendorf's strips since London's firing. On January 1, 2009, 70 years since the death of his creator, Segar's comic strips (though not the various films, TV shows, theme music and other media based on them) became public domain in most countries, but remain under copyright in the US. Because Segar was an employee of King Features Syndicate when he created the ''Thimble Theatre'' strip, it is treated as a work for hire under US copyright law. Works for hire are protected for 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter. As of 2022, ''Thimble Theatre'' comic strips from 1919 through 1926 have entered the public domain, none of which feature Popeye. Even after the strips enter the public domain, trademarks regarding Popeye remain with King Features, as trademarks do not expire unless they cease to be used, and King Features has used the trademark continuously since the character's debut.

Reprints

* ''Popeye the Sailor'', Woody Gelman, Nostalgia Press, 1971, reprints three daily stories from 1936. * ''Thimble Theatre'', Hyperion Press, 1977, , reprints daily from September 10, 1928, missing 11 dailies which are included in the Fantagraphics reprints. * ''Popeye: The First Fifty Years'' by Bud Sagendorf, Workman Publishing, 1979 , the only Popeye reprint in full color. * ''The Complete E. C. Segar Popeye'', Fantagraphics, 1980s, reprints all Segar Sundays featuring Popeye in four volumes, all Segar dailies featuring Popeye in seven volumes, missing four dailies which are included in the Hyperion reprint, November 20–22, 1928, August 22, 1929. * ''Popeye: The 60th Anniversary Collection'', Hawk Books Limited, 1989, featuring reprints, a selection of strips, and stories from the first newspaper strip in 1929 onwards, along with articles on Popeye in comics, books, collectables, etc. * ''E. C. Segar's Popeye'', between 2006 and 2011, Fantagraphics Books published six oversized hardcover volumes, reprinting all dailies and Sundays (in color, along with ''Sappo'') featuring Popeye, plus various extras. ** Vol. 1: ''I Yam What I Yam'' – covers September 1928 - December 1930 (dailies) and March 1930 - February 1931 (Sundays) (November 22, 2006, ) ** Vol. 2: ''Well Blow Me Down!'' – covers December 1930 - June 1932 (dailies) and March 1931 - October 1932 (Sundays) (December 19, 2007, ) ** Vol. 3: ''Let's You and Him Fight!'' – covers June 1932 - December 1933 (dailies) and October 1932 - November 1933 (Sundays) (November 15, 2008, ) ** Vol. 4: ''Plunder Island'' – covers December 1933 - July 1935 (dailies) and December 1933 - April 1935 (Sundays) (December 22, 2009, ) ** Vol. 5: ''Wha's a Jeep'' – covers July 1935 - December 1936 (dailies) and April 1935 - September 1936 (Sundays) (March 21, 2011, ) ** Vol. 6: ''Me Li'l Swee'Pea'' – covers December 1936 - August 1938 (dailies) and September 1936 - October 1938 (Sundays) (November 15, 2011, ) * ''Thimble Theatre and the pre-Popeye comics of E.C. Segar'', Sunday Press Books, 2018 (ISBN ), an oversized collection of ''Thimble Theatre'' Sunday pages spanning from January 1925 to March 1930 (marking Popeye's earliest appearance in the strip's Sunday continuity), including the entirety of a two-year storyline (March 1928 to March 1930) featuring Castor Oyl and Hamgravy within a caricatured American West.

Comic books

There have been a number of Popeye comic books, from Dell (publisher), Dell, King Comics, Gold Key Comics, Charlton Comics and others, originally written and illustrated by Bud Sagendorf. In the Dell comics, Popeye became something of a crimefighter, thwarting evil organizations and Bluto's criminal activities. The new villains included the numerous Misermite dwarfs, who were all identical. Popeye appeared in the British ''TV Comic'' becoming the cover story in 1960 with stories written and drawn by "Chick" Henderson. Bluto was referred to as Brutus and was Popeye's only nemesis throughout the entire run. A variety of artists have created ''Popeye'' comic book stories since then; for example, George Wildman drew Popeye stories for Charlton Comics from 1969 until the late 1970s. The Gold Key series was illustrated by Wildman and scripted by Bill Pearson (American writer), Bill Pearson, with some issues written by Nick Cuti. Popeye even had his own Manga series, published by Shōnen Gahōsha and done by Robotan and Marude Dameo creator Kenji Morita, that ran from 1961 to 1965. In 1988, Ocean Comics released the ''Popeye Special'' written by Ron Fortier with art by Ben Dunn. The story presented Popeye's origin story, including his given name of "Ugly Kidd" and attempted to tell more of a lighthearted adventure story as opposed to using typical comic strip style humor. The story also featured a more realistic art style and was edited by Bill Pearson, who also lettered and inked the story as well as the front cover. A second issue, by the same creative team, followed in 1988. The second issue introduced the idea that Bluto and Brutus were actually twin brothers and not the same person, an idea also used in the comic strip on December 28, 2008, and April 5, 2009. In 1999, to celebrate Popeye's 70th anniversary, Ocean Comics revisited the franchise with a one-shot comic book, ''The Wedding of Popeye and Olive Oyl'', written by Peter David. The comic book brought together a large portion of the casts of both the comic strip and the animated shorts, and Popeye and Olive Oyl were finally wed after decades of courtship. However, this marriage has not been reflected in all media since the comic was published. In 1989, a special series of short ''Popeye'' comic books were included in specially marked boxes of Instant Quaker Oatmeal, and Popeye also appeared in three TV commercials for Quaker Oatmeal, which featured a parrot delivering the tag line "Popeye wants a Quaker!" The plots were similar to those of the films: Popeye loses either Olive Oyl or Swee'Pea to a musclebound antagonist, eats something invigorating, and proceeds to save the day. In this case, however, the invigorating elixir was not his usual spinach, but rather one of four flavors of Quaker Oatmeal (a different flavor was showcased with each mini-comic). The comics ended with the sailor saying, "I'm Popeye the Quaker Man!", which offended members of the Religious Society of Friends (a.k.a. Quakers). The Quaker Oatmeal company apologized and removed the "Popeye the Quaker Man" reference from commercials and future comic book printings. In 2012, writer Roger Langridge teamed with cartoonists Bruce Ozella, Ken Wheaton, and Tom Neely (among others) to revive the spirit of Segar in IDW's 12-issue comic book miniseries, ''Popeye'', Critic PS Hayes reviewed: In late 2012, IDW began reprinting the original 1940s–1950s Sagendorf Popeye comic books under the title of ''Classic Popeye''.

Webcomics

In January 2019, in celebration of its 90 years of character, King Feature Syndicate launched the webcomic ''Popeye's Cartoon Club''. In a series of Sunday-format comics, a wide assortment of artists depicted the characters in their own styles in one comic each, including Alex Hallatt, Erica Henderson, Tom Neely, Roger Langridge, Larry deSouza, Robert Sikoryak, Jeffrey Brown (cartoonist), Jeffrey Brown, Jim Engel, Liniers (cartoonist), Liniers, Jay Fosgitt, Carol Lay, and Randy Milholland. At the end of the year, Milholland's ''Cartoon Club'' comic was declared the number one comic of the year on King Features' website, Comics Kingdom. From February through April 2020, ''Cartoon Club'' ran an additional five comics by Milholland. From May 28 through July 6, 2020, ''Popeye's Cartoon Club'' ran daily comics from Randy Milholland, making Milholland the first person to write a daily-update ''Popeye'' comic for King Features since 1994.

Theatrical animated cartoons

In November 1932, King Features signed an agreement with Fleischer Studios to have Popeye and the other ''Thimble Theatre'' characters begin appearing in a series of animated cartoons released by Paramount Pictures. The first cartoon in the series was released in 1933, and ''Popeye'' cartoons remained a staple of Paramount's release schedule for nearly 25 years. William "Billy" Costello, William Costello was the original voice of Popeye, a voice that was replicated by later performers, such as Jack Mercer and even Mae Questel. Many of the ''Thimble Theatre'' characters, including Wimpy, Poopdeck Pappy, and Eugene the Jeep, eventually made appearances in the Paramount cartoons, though Olive Oyl's extended family and Ham Gravy were mostly absent. Thanks to the animated-short series, Popeye became even more of a sensation than he had been in comic strips, and by 1938, polls showed that the sailor was Hollywood's most popular cartoon character. Although Segar may have used spinach as a prop a few times, it was Max Fleischer who realized its potential as a trademark. In every Popeye cartoon, the sailor is invariably put into what seems like a hopeless situation, upon which (usually after a beating), a can of spinach becomes available, and Popeye quickly opens the can and consumes its contents. Upon swallowing the spinach, Popeye's physical strength immediately becomes superhuman, and he is easily able to save the day, and very often rescue Olive Oyl from a dire situation. It did not stop there, as spinach could also give Popeye the skills and powers he needed, as in ''The Man on the Flying Trapeze'', where it gave him acrobatic skills. In May 1942, Paramount Pictures assumed ownership of Fleischer Studios, fired the Fleischers and began reorganizing the studio, which they renamed Famous Studios. The early Famous-era shorts were often World War II-themed, featuring Popeye fighting Nazi Germans and Empire of Japan, Japanese soldiers, most notably the 1942 short ''You're a Sap, Mr. Jap''. In late 1943, the ''Popeye'' series began to be produced in Technicolor, beginning with ''Her Honor the Mare.'' Famous/Paramount continued producing the ''Popeye'' series until 1957, with ''Spooky Swabs'' being the last of the 125 Famous shorts in the series. Paramount then sold the ''Popeye'' film catalog to Associated Artists Productions, which was bought out by United Artists in 1958. Through various mergers, the rights are currently controlled by WarnerMedia's Turner Entertainment. In 2001, Cartoon Network, under the supervision of animation historian Jerry Beck, created a new incarnation of ''The Popeye Show''. The show aired the Fleischer and Famous Studios ''Popeye'' shorts in versions approximating their original theatrical releases by editing copies of the original opening and closing credits (taken or recreated from various sources) onto the beginnings and ends of each cartoon, or in some cases, in their complete, uncut original theatrical versions direct from such prints that originally contained the front-and-end Paramount credits. The series aired 135 ''Popeye'' shorts over 45 episodes, until March 2004. ''The Popeye Show'' continued to air on Cartoon Network's spin-off network Boomerang (TV network), Boomerang. While many of the Paramount ''Popeye'' cartoons remained unavailable on video, a handful of those cartoons had fallen into public domain and were found on numerous low budget VHS tapes and later DVDs. When Turner Entertainment acquired the cartoons in 1986, a long and laborious legal struggle with King Features kept the majority of the original Popeye shorts from official video releases for more than 20 years. King Features instead opted to release a DVD boxed set of the 1960s made-for-television ''Popeye the Sailor (TV series), Popeye the Sailor'' cartoons, to which it retained the rights, in 2004. In the meantime, home video rights to the Associated Artists Productions library were transferred from CBS/Fox Video to MGM Home Entertainment, MGM/UA Home Video in 1986, and eventually to Warner Home Video in 1999. In 2006, Warner Home Video announced it would release all of the ''Popeye'' cartoons produced for theatrical release between 1933 and 1957 on DVD, restored and uncut. Three volumes were released between 2007 and 2008, covering all of the black-and-white cartoons produced from 1933 to 1943. In December 2018, a fourth volume featuring the first 14 color shorts from 1943 to 1945 was released on DVD and Blu-ray from Warner Home Video through the Warner Archive Collection.

Original television cartoons

From the 1950s until the 1980s, Popeye has starred in 29 locally produced children's television programs. In 1960, King Features Syndicate commissioned a new series of cartoons titled ''Popeye the Sailor (TV series), Popeye the Sailor'', but this time for television syndication. Al Brodax served as executive producer of the cartoons for King Features. Jack Mercer, Mae Questel, and Jackson Beck returned for this series, which was produced by a number of companies, including Jack Kinney, Jack Kinney Productions, Rembrandt Films (William L. Snyder and Gene Deitch), Larry Harmon, Larry Harmon Productions, Halas and Batchelor, Paramount Cartoon Studios (formerly Famous Studios), and Southern Star Entertainment (formerly Southern Star Productions). The artwork was streamlined and simplified for the television budgets, and 220 cartoons were produced in only two years, with the first set of them premiering in the autumn of 1960, and the last of them debuting during the 1961–1962 television season. Since King Features had exclusive rights to these ''Popeye'' cartoons, 85 of them were released on DVD as a 75th anniversary ''Popeye'' boxed set in 2004. For these cartoons, Bluto's name was changed to "Brutus", as King Features believed at the time that Paramount owned the rights to the name "Bluto". Many of the cartoons made by Paramount used plots and storylines taken directly from the comic strip sequences – as well as characters like King Blozo and the Sea Hag. The 1960s cartoons have been issued on both VHS and DVD. Popeye, Olive Oyl, Swee'Pea and Wimpy were featured prominently in the cartoon movie "Popeye Meets the Man Who Hated Laughter", which debuted on October 7, 1972, as one of the episodes of ''The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie''. In this cartoon, Brutus also appears as a turban-wearing employee of the nemesis, Dr. Morbid Grimsby. On September 9, 1978, ''The All New Popeye Hour'' debuted on the CBS Saturday morning lineup. It was an hour-long animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera, Hanna-Barbera Productions, which tried its best to retain the style of the original comic strip (Popeye returned to his original costume and Brutus to his original name of Bluto), while complying with the prevailing content restrictions on violence. In addition to providing many of the cartoon scripts, Mercer continued to voice Popeye, while Marilyn Schreffler and Allan Melvin became the new voices of Olive Oyl and Bluto, respectively (Mae Questel actually auditioned for Hanna-Barbera to reprise her role as Olive Oyl, but was rejected in favor of Schreffler). ''The All New Popeye Hour'' ran on CBS until September 1981, when it was cut to a half-hour and retitled ''The Popeye and Olive Comedy Show''. It was removed from the CBS lineup in September 1983, the year before Jack Mercer's death. These cartoons have also been released on VHS and DVD. During the time these cartoons were in production, CBS aired ''The Popeye Valentine's Day Special – Sweethearts at Sea'' on February 14, 1979. In the UK, the BBC aired a half-hour version of ''The All New Popeye Show'', from the early-1980s to 2004. ''The All New Popeye Hour'' throughout parts of the 1980s contains segments on Popeye featuring Popeye's nephews (Pipeye, Peepeye, Pupeye, and Poopeye) in which were later advertised as PSAs on mostly independent and future Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox Television Networks (more commonly during the ''SuperStars'' campaign off of owned-and-operated stations, owned-and-operated Fox stations such as WFLD in Chicago, Illinois) that were originally produced for CBS's original program. Popeye briefly returned to CBS in 1987 for ''Popeye and Son'', another Hanna-Barbera series, which featured Popeye and Olive as a married couple with a son named Popeye Jr., who hates the taste of spinach, but eats it to boost his strength. Maurice LaMarche performed Popeye's voice; as Mercer had died in 1984. The show lasted for one season. USA Network later picked up reruns of the series after CBS's cancellation. In 2004, Lionsgate, Lions Gate Entertainment produced a Computer animation, computer-animated television special, ''Popeye's Voyage: The Quest for Pappy'', which was made to coincide with the 75th anniversary of Popeye. Billy West (voice actor), Billy West performed the voice of Popeye, describing the production as "the hardest job I ever did, ever" and the voice of Popeye as "like a buzzsaw on your throat". The uncut version was released on DVD on November 9, 2004; and was aired in a re-edited version on Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox on December 17, 2004, and again on December 30, 2005. Its style was influenced by the 1930s Fleischer cartoons, and featured Swee'Pea, Wimpy, Bluto (who is Popeye's friend in this version), Olive Oyl, Poopdeck Pappy, and the Sea Hag as its characters. On November 6, 2007, Lions Gate Entertainment re-released ''Popeye's Voyage'' on DVD with redesigned cover art.

Web series

On December 2, 2018, a Popeye web series named ''Popeye's Island Adventures'' produced by WildBrain subsidiary WildBrain Spark Studios was premiered on its official YouTube channel. With intent on drawing in a younger, contemporary audience, the new series has updated the Popeye characters to fit the times. For instance, Popeye grows his own spinach and has replaced his smoking pipe, pipe with a whistle. Bluto no longer sports a beard and focuses his time on stealing Popeye's spinach rather than his girlfriend. Olive Oyl is now a "strong, independent, and resourceful woman ... a shining example of feministic ideals that fans new and old will want to emulate."

Theme song

Popeye's theme song, titled "I'm Popeye The Sailor Man", composed by Sammy Lerner in 1933 for Fleischer's first Popeye the Sailor (film), ''Popeye the Sailor'' cartoon, has become forever associated with the sailor. "The Sailor's Hornpipe" has often been used as an introduction to Popeye's theme song. A cover of the theme song, performed by Face to Face (punk band), Face to Face, is included on the 1995 tribute album ''Saturday Morning: Cartoons' Greatest Hits (album), Saturday Morning: Cartoons' Greatest Hits'', produced by Ralph Sall for MCA Records. A jazz version, performed by Ted Kooshian's Standard Orbit Quartet, appears on their 2009 Summit Records release ''Underdog and Other Stories''. Playground song parody, parodies of the theme have become part of children's street culture around the world, usually interpolating "frying pan" or "garbage can" into the lyrics as Popeye's dwelling place and ascribing to the character various unsavory actions or habits that transform the character into an "Anti-Popeye", and changing his exemplary spinach-based diet into an inedible morass of worms, onions, fly, flies, tortillas and Nasal mucus, snot.

Other media

The success of Popeye as a comic-strip and animated character has led to appearances in many other forms. For more than 20 years, Stephen DeStefano has been the artist drawing Popeye for King Features licensing.

Radio

''Popeye'' was adapted to radio in several series broadcast over three different networks by two sponsors from 1935 to 1938. Popeye and most of the major supporting characters were first featured in a thrice-weekly 15-minute radio program, ''Popeye the Sailor'', which starred Detmar Poppen as Popeye, along with most of the major supporting characters—Olive Oyl (Olive Lamoy), Wimpy (Charles Lawrence), Bluto (Jackson Beck) and Swee'Pea (Mae Questel). In the first episode, Popeye adopted Sonny (Jimmy Donnelly), a character later known as Matey the Newsboy. This program was broadcast Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday nights at 7:15pm. September 10, 1935, through March 28, 1936, on the NBC NBC#Red and Blue Networks, Red Network (87 episodes), initially sponsored by Wheatena, a whole-wheat breakfast cereal, which routinely replaced the spinach references. Music was provided by Victor Irwin's Cartoonland Band. Announcer Kelvin Keech sang (to composer Lerner's "Popeye" theme) "Wheatena is his diet / He asks you to try it / With Popeye the sailor man." Wheatena paid King Features Syndicate $1,200 per week. The show was next broadcast Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 7:15 to 7:30pm on WCBS (AM), WABC and ran from August 31, 1936, to February 26, 1937 (78 episodes). Floyd Buckley played Popeye, and Miriam Wolfe portrayed both Olive Oyl and the Sea Hag. Once again, reference to spinach was conspicuously absent. Instead, Popeye sang, "Wheatena's me diet / I ax ya to try it / I'm Popeye the Sailor Man". The third series was sponsored by the maker of Popsicle (brand), Popsicles three nights a week for 15 minutes at 6:15 pm on CBS from May 2, 1938, through July 29, 1938. Of the three series, only 20 of the 204 episodes are known to be preserved.

Feature films

''Popeye'' (1980)

Director Robert Altman used the character in ''Popeye (film), Popeye'', a 1980 live-action musical feature film, starring Robin Williams as Popeye. A co-production of Paramount Pictures and Walt Disney Productions, the movie was filmed almost entirely on Malta, in the village of Mellieħa on the northwest coast of the island. The set is now a tourist attraction called Popeye Village. The US box office earnings were double the film's budget, making it a financial success. However, the film received mostly negative reviews.

Canceled animated film

In March 2010, it was reported that Sony Pictures Animation was developing a 3D film, 3D computer-animated Popeye film, with Avi Arad producing it. In November 2011, Sony Pictures Animation announced that Jay Scherick and David Ronn, the writers of ''The Smurfs (film), The Smurfs'', are writing the screenplay for the film. In June 2012, it was reported that Genndy Tartakovsky had been set to direct the feature, which he planned to make "as artful and unrealistic as possible." In November 2012, Sony Pictures Animation set the release date for September 26, 2014, which was, in May 2013, pushed back to 2015. In March 2014, Sony Pictures Animation updated its slate, scheduling the film for 2016, and announcing Tartakovsky as the director of ''Hotel Transylvania 2'', which he was directing concurrently with ''Popeye''. On September 18, 2014, Tartakovsky revealed an "animation test" footage, about which he said, "It's just something that kind of represents what we want to do. I couldn't be more excited by how it turned out." In March 2015, Tartakovsky announced that despite the well-received test footage, he was no longer working on the project, and would instead direct ''Can You Imagine?'', which is based on his own original idea, but it too was cancelled. Nevertheless, Sony Pictures Animation stated the project still remains in active development. In January 2016, it was announced that T.J. Fixman would write the film. On May 11, 2020, it was announced that a ''Popeye'' movie is in development at King Features Syndicate with Genndy Tartakovsky coming back to the project. However, on July 21, 2022, Genndy has said the project was dead. An animatic for the movie was later leaked onto the internet on July 22, 2022.

Video and pinball games

* Nintendo created a widescreen Game & Watch called ''Popeye'' in 1981. The handheld electronic game, handheld game featured Popeye on a boat, and the aim was to catch bottles, pineapples, and spinach cans thrown by Olive Oyl while trying to avoid Bluto's boat. If Bluto hit Popeye on the head with his mallet or Popeye failed to catch an object three times, the game would end. * The Nintendo arcade game ''Donkey Kong (video game), Donkey Kong'' was originally conceived as a ''Popeye'' video game by Shigeru Miyamoto. However, due to licensing disagreements with King Features, this idea was scrapped but a similar character called Mario was used a substitute. * When ''Donkey Kong'' went on to enormous success, King Features agreed to license the characters to Nintendo to create a Popeye (video game), ''Popeye'' arcade game in 1982. It was later ported to the Commodore 64 home computer as well as various video game console, home game consoles: Intellivision, Atari 2600, Atari 8-bit family, ColecoVision, Nintendo Entertainment System, Famicom/NES, and Odyssey2, Odyssey². The goal was to avoid Bluto (referred to as "Brutus") and the Sea Hag while collecting items produced by Olive Oyl such as heart (symbol), hearts, musical notes, or the Letter (alphabet), letters in the word "help" (depending on the level). Hitting a can of spinach gave Popeye a brief chance to strike back at Brutus. Other characters such as Wimpy and Swee'Pea appeared in the game, but did not greatly affect gameplay. A board game based on the video game was released by Parker Brothers. * A table top Game & Watch style game was also released by Nintendo in 1983, which featured Popeye trying to rescue Olive while engaging in fisticuffs with Bluto. * Nintendo created another Popeye game for the Famicom, ''Popeye no Eigo Asobi'', in 1983. This was an educational game designed to teach Japanese children English words. * A different ''Popeye'' game was developed for the ZX Spectrum by Don Priestley and first released by DK'Tronics in 1985. The game achieved critical success due to its huge, colourful sprites; amongst the largest seen on the Spectrum platform. This distinct graphical style was due to King Features' insistence that any game had to include fair representations of the central cartoon characters. The game was ported to Commodore 64 and Amstrad CPC in 1986. After releasing the budget version of this game, Alternative Software developed another two licensed games, ''Popeye 2'' (1991) and ''Popeye 3: Wrestle Crazy'' (1992) on the same platforms. * Two Popeye games published by Sigma Enterprises were spawned for the Game Boy line, Game Boy. The first Game Boy ''Popeye (Game Boy), Popeye'' game, which was released exclusively in Japan in 1990, and ''Popeye 2'' in 1991. ''Popeye 2'' was also released in North America (1993) and Europe (1994) by Activision. * In 1994, Technos Japan released ''Popeye: Beach Volleyball'' for the Game Gear, and ''Popeye: Volume of the Malicious Witch Seahag'' (''Popeye: Ijiwaru Majo Shihaggu no Maki'') for the Japanese Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Famicom. A side scrolling adventure game that was mixed with a board game, the game never saw US release. It featured many characters from the ''Thimble Theatre'' series as well. In the game, Popeye had to recover magic in fiction, magical hearts scattered across the level to restore his frozen friends as part of a spell cast upon them by the Sea Hag in order to get revenge on Popeye. * Midway Games, Midway (under the ''Bally Technologies, Bally'' label) released ''Popeye Saves the Earth'', a SuperPin pinball game, in 1994. * A Sega Genesis ''Popeye'' game was planned but never released. * In 2003, Nova Productions released a strength tester called ''Popeye Strength Tester''. * In 2005, Bandai Namco released a Game Boy Advance video game called ''Popeye: Rush for Spinach''. * Released June 2007, the video game ''The Darkness (video game), The Darkness'' featured television set, televisions that played full-length films and television shows that had expired copyrights. Most of the cartoons viewable on the "Toon TV" channel are Famous Studios ''Popeye'' shorts. * In fall 2007, Namco Networks released the original Nintendo ''Popeye'' arcade game for mobile phones with new features including enhanced graphics and new levels. * In November 2021, independent developer ''Sabec LTD'' released what it called the "official ''Popeye'' game" for the Nintendo Switch, featuring a three-dimensional adaptation of the "classic arcade game."

Parodies

* Parody versions of Popeye and Bluto make an appearance in Ex-Mutants, ''Solo Ex-Mutants'' #2 (Eternity Comics, 1988). * In EC Comics' original ''Mad'' comic book, the satire "Poopeye" had him set up to fight other comic characters, even defeating Superman in the end. * Popeye made a one-second appearance on an unfinished production ''Bring Me the Head of Charlie Brown'' by the California Institute of the Arts in 1986. He was seen punching Rocky Balboa in the face.

Marketing, tie-ins, and endorsements

From early on, Popeye was heavily merchandised. Everything from soap to razor blades to spinach was available with Popeye's likeness on it. Most of these items are rare and sought by collectors, but some merchandise is still produced. ;Games and toys * Mezco Toyz makes classic-style Popeye action figure, figures in two sizes. * KellyToys produces plush stuffed toy, stuffed Popeye characters. * Mattel produced a variety of Popeye related toys in the latter half of the 1950s. In 1957, the Popeye spinach can (which contains a trigger to reveal Popeye's head with a squeaker), and the Popeye crank guitar (which plays his theme song on a crank). Unlike most crank guitar models Mattel had made since 1956, Popeye's crank guitar also contains his pipe which a person using it would play the guitar as well with it. A year later in October 1958, Popeye would later have its own Mattel jack-in-the-box, which also plays his same tune as the guitar. In some models, the toy either comes with or without an update feature from the company's Popeye's spinach can toy. * In 1961, King Features Syndicate (popular for its television versions of Popeye at the time) animated a short Popeye commercial featuring Popeye, Olive, and Bluto about Popeye and Bluto's own bubble bath figurines (For the first time, Popeye and Bluto both fight for an item instead of Olive herself, and punch themselves on-time during the commercial. Both characters would later fight over a video game in Popeye's own ColecoVision game 22 years later). * In 2009, Popeye, Olive, and Bluto were used as (Happy Meal) toys in Brazil's Habib's fast-food company restaurants. ;Theaters Popeye (including Olive and Sweet Pea) appeared on former Dickinson Theatres gift-certificate advertisement trailers. Popeye is a former mascot of Dickinson Theatres, a decade before Dickinson Theatres went out of business. ;Restaurants * Wimpy's name was borrowed for the Wimpy (restaurant), Wimpy restaurant chain, one of the first international fast food restaurants featuring hamburgers, which they call "Wimpy Burgers". * The popular fast-food chain Popeyes was found on June 12, 1972, and is the second-largest "quick-service chicken restaurant group" followed up by Kentucky Fried Chicken. Only some Popeye references were featured in a few commercials throughout its early years including an advert in Latin America in the mid-2000s involving Wimpy choosing either Popeye's or Brutus' chicken and seafood. He ended up choosing Popeye's after seeing a scent leading to Popeye's place while Brutus was demonstrating his type of food to Wimpy. For the first time, the Jeep, Popeye's nephews (Pipeye, Pupeye, Peepeye, and Poopeye), Popeye's Pappy, and the sea-hag (including her bird) appeared in a commercial. When Olive walks past Brutus' place heading to Popeye's, Brutus holds up a sign reading "Pedacitos De Pechuga" which means "Chicken as food, small [chicken] breasts" in Spanish. * Wimpy both appeared on a Burger King Kids Club commercial and a 2004 Carl's Jr Guacamole Bacon Chicken Sandwich commercial featuring most clips from the King Features Syndicate series (both commercials) and a couple of Fleischer Studios, Fleischer (redrawn colorized) and Famous Studios clips (only on the Carls Jr. commercial, which also involves the Carl's Jr logo referencing the Paramount Pictures, Paramount spinning star with Popeye's (Famous Studios) head and pipe animation sped-up. ;Retail foods and beverages * Alma, Arkansas, Allen Canning Company produces its own line of spinach, called "Popeye Spinach", in various canned varieties. The cartoon Popeye serves as the mascot on the can. * In 1961, Buitoni Pasta marketed Popeye-shaped spinach macaroni. * Popeye appeared in a 1979 Dr Pepper commercial during the "Be a Pepper" campaign (possibly as a Popeye (film), tie-in for the movie), going so far as to modify his traditional catchphrase to "...and Popeye the Pepper-man"). * Since 1989, "Popeye's Supplements" has been a chain of Canadian Sports Nutrition Stores. * In 1987, Popeye appeared with Sonny the Cuckoo Bird in a three-part commercial for Cocoa Puffs cereal. Both Popeye (who eats Spinach in the commercial) and Sonny were crazy for Cocoa Puffs in the commercial, in which both characters sent themselves flying and landed on a pair of palm trees after being stuck on an island. * In 1989, Popeye (while trying to defeat Bluto or other materialistic creatures) endorsed Instant Quaker Oatmeal, citing it as a better food than spinach to provide strength. The commercials had the tagline "Can the spinach, I wants me Quaker Oatmeal!" or "Popeye wants a Quaker". The Religious Society of Friends (also known as the Quakers) was offended by the promotion, given the physical aggression from "Popeye the Quaker man" and also the excessive submissiveness of Olive Oyl. * In 1993, a foreign advert of Popeye's own Knorr (brand), Knorr's soup features a chase with Popeye, Olive, Bluto, and Sweet Pea, including a couple of kids at the time, watching a custom Popeye cartoon on the television set. Bluto (while holding Olive) chases around the kids after getting out of a CRT TV (unknown company, due to darkness), followed by Popeye (and Sweet Pea afterward). Bluto punched Popeye into the wall, forming a crooked Popeye-shaped wall, and making a picture frame that reads "POW!" to fall down to the floor. While Popeye wakes up from his hit, a little boy hands Popeye his soup, eats the entire plate filled with soup, and punches Bluto to the TV set (with jail cell bars covering the glass of the CRT TV). It also includes his theme at the end with Olive and Popeye referencing the kids while Bluto continues to hold on to jail bars in his mad expression wanting to get out until Sweet Pea turns off the CRT TV with a button on the television set. * In 1993, Popeye appeared in a few McCain Foods "1-2-3 Frites" fries adverts in Germany. Some of its ads include Popeye trying to push a homemade boat to shore, and Popeye working out with dumbbells. * In 1999, Popeye and Olive appeared on a Campbell Soup Company, Campbell's Chunky Prime Rib and Vegetables commercial. The commercial demonstrates Popeye seeing Olive getting stuck on railroad tracks while an incoming steam train comes by after Popeye's short nap. This was followed by Popeye finding the soup in the cabinet with cans of spinach, Popeye eating the soup, and saving Olive from an incoming steam locomotive, followed by his theme song with the Campbell's can on the side of his window. * In 2000, Popeye appeared in a foreign advert for La-Piara Iron Butter. * In 2001, Popeye (along with Bluto, Olive, and twin Wimpys) appeared in a television commercial for Minute Maid Orange juice. The commercial, produced by Leo Burnett Worldwide, Leo Burnett Co, showed Popeye and Bluto as friends, due to their having had Minute Maid Orange Juice that morning. The ad agency's intention was to show that even the notable enemies would be in a good mood after their juice, but some, including Robert Knight of the Culture and Family Institute, felt the commercial's intent was to portray the pair in a homosexual romantic relationship; even so, it is a suggestion that Minute Maid denies. Knight was interviewed by Stephen Colbert on Comedy Central's ''The Daily Show'' about this issue. * In 2005, Hana Farms Inc. produced Popeye-based juice boxes and bottles across Syria. It was unknown when they still produced the item. An advert survives online, involving Bluto kidnapping Olive in the top of a building while Popeye trying to save her. He has bottles and juice boxes all over him, in which Bluto makes fun of him. Bluto then throws 3 cans of spinach at Popeye. While ducking, Popeye still gets hit by one of the cans. Surprisingly, Popeye considers drinking one of his bottles, and Bluto then begins tackling Popeye. Popeye punched Bluto sending him flying, landing with a thump on the roof of another building. His thump went so hard that a large sign tipped over to the building where Popeye and Olive are. Olive, being frightened by the sign, accidentally falls off the building, but was saved by Popeye after holding on to an unlocated rope. * World Candies Inc. produced Popeye-branded "candy cigarettes", which were small sugar sticks with red dye at the end to simulate embers. They were sold in a small box, similar to a cigarette pack. The company still produces the item, but has since changed the name to "Popeye Candy Sticks" and has ceased putting the red dye at the end. * In 2013, McLean Design produced a packaging design using licensed characters and artwork for a Popeye branded energy drink. The drink is launching in the US with two flavors. ;Sports * Starting in 1940, Popeye became the mascot of Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Flamengo (Rio de Janeiro – Brazil), the most popular soccer team with almost 50 million fans around the world. The mascot of the soccer club is currently a cartoon vulture. Polikarpov I-16-Mosca

;Other * In the 1960s, Popeye made an appearance for Smart orange breakfast drink, animated by King Features Syndicate. * In 1979, salsa singer Adalberto Santiago releases Adalberto Santiago Featuring Popeye El Marino. Fania Records JM 536. * During the 1960s, Popeye appeared in advertising for Crown gasoline. * In connection with the 1980 film, real-life cameos of Popeye (while holding a piano) and Olive made an appearance in a 1983 Toyota Corolla commercial in the United States. * In 1983, Popeye, Olive, and Bluto appeared on a Dutch (English dubbed) PSA advert for milk, simply titled "Milk the white engine" (animated by King Features Syndicate). The advert begins with Popeye and Bluto heading to Olive's house, singing "Oh My Darling, Clementine". Bluto knocks Popeye down a manhole, after which he and Olive go for a picnic. During the picnic, Bluto asks Olive for a kiss, to which she replies that she is "still going steady with Popeye". Angered at this, Bluto kisses Olive, who slaps him and calls for help. Popeye tries to arrive at the scene, but Bluto calls Popeye a "pickle herring", grabs him and forms a bow and arrow, and sends him flying into a tree. He lands next to some milk, notices it and drinks the entire carton. Bluto is shockingly confused about what Popeye is doing, saying, "He's drinking milk?" As for the reward, Popeye denies Bluto's question (on Popeye "making a mistake" once he drinks milk) and punches him up in the sky, forming fireworks. * Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Popeye appeared on 3 different adverts in Japan. In 1986, he first appeared on an ad for Hitachi refrigerators. Popeye was looking for Spinach with his telescope until a demonstrator, a lady, forced Popeye to rush to a refrigerator. A drawer of vegetables including Spinach was shown inside, Popeye eating the Spinach and begins dancing. In 1989, Popeye and Olive appeared on an ad for Suzuki containing them driving a car, parking at a nearby park, and watched the sunset outside of the car. Unfortunately, both characters do not appear in the ad until right after they parked the car. And lastly, Popeye once again appeared on an ad for Shoyu Soy Sauce a few years later along with Olive, Bluto, Wimpy, and the Jeep to name a few, waiting for food while Popeye makes a quick dinner. For the first time, rare characters such as Nana Oyl and Castor Oyl appeared in a commercial or advert. * In 1986, Popeye and Bluto appeared on 3 foreign adverts out of Atlantic Petroleum Ultramo motor oil, with 2 adverts featuring Olive. All 3 adverts have Bluto causing trouble to Popeye's vehicle(s), followed by Popeye giving the car the motor oil, and revenging Bluto entirely. All 3 adverts were animated by King Features Syndicate. * In 1987, Stabur Graphics commissioned artist Will Elder to paint "Popeye's Wedding" as oil on masonite. Released was a stamped, numbered, and signed Limited Edition lithograph, an edition size of 395. The lithograph shows Popeye and Olive Oyl in front of the preacher (Popeye slipping a lifesaver-ring onto Olive's finger) along with Nana Oyl, Alice the Goon, Swee'Pea (cradled in Popeye's free arm), Wimpy, Granny, Eugene the Jeep, and Brutus (holding a large cauldron of steaming, cooked rice). Twenty-one other characters watch from the pews. The litho is titled "Wit Dis Lifesaver, I Dee Wed!" and is pictured on page 83 of the book "Chicken Fat" by Will Elder (Fantagraphics, 2006). * In 1987, Popeye made a cameo appearance on a radio commercial on New England-based The Timberland Company. * A parody commercial aired on an unknown amount of radio stations in 1988 (proportionally on "morning zoo" concepts) involving a "new" fake television series on Sunday mornings involving Popeye entitled "Popeye The Holy Man". * In 1989 due to his 70th anniversary, independent television stations began airing a Popeye hotline for children, along with a premium-rate telephone number, announcing that his 70th anniversary is "around the corner". The call mostly contains characters telling children their adventures, and for special events, presents will be given to children for special support for Popeye's 70th birthday. The commercial survives online, with all clips featuring the King Features Syndicate television series. * In 1990, Popeye appeared in a public service announcement which was tied to the maritime nature of the character, warning of the harmful effects of coastal pollution. Bluto carelessly dumps garbage over the side of his boat, to which Olive reacts in horror as seagulls and other sea creatures are caught in six pack rings, six pack ring holders. Popeye eats spinach and blows a tornado from his pipe, which cleans up Bluto's garbage and dumps it on him; however, when some more plastic garbage sails by Popeye's boat, he says unsurprisingly, "I can't do it all meself, peoples!" and encourages viewers to be careful about littering at sea. * In 1990, Popeye, Olive, and Bluto appeared on the Brazilian retail store chain Lojas Americanas advert featuring Olive, who was tied up and in need of rescue. But Bluto however did the unthinkable as Popeye (not seen) saved Olive for no reason after demonstrating the new sales in its chain. * In 1995, the ''Popeye'' comic strip was one of 20 included in the Comic Strip Classics series of commemorative U.S. postage stamps. * From 1996 to 1999, the Darien Lake theme park in Western New York operated a "Popeye's Seaport" in the park. It was rebranded as "Looney Tunes Seaport" after Darien Lake came under the Six Flags banner. * In October 2007, to coincide with the launch of the ''Popeye'' mobile game, Namco Networks and Sprint Nextel, Sprint launched a Popeye the Sailorman sweepstakes offering the authorized edition four-disc ''Popeye the Sailor'': 1933–1938 Vol. 1 DVD set as grand prize. * In Universal Orlando Resort, Universal Studios Orlando Resort's island theme park, Universal's Islands of Adventure, there is a river rafting water ride, ''Popeye and Bluto's Bilge-Rat Barges'', themed after Popeye the Sailor saving Olive Oyl from Bluto. There is also a kids' playground, ''Me Ship, the Olive'', built in and around Popeye's ship. The three levels of the ship all contain a variety of interactive elements including cannons and hoses which can further soak riders on the ''Popeye and Bluto's Bilge-Rat Barge'' ride.

Popeye's origin and the Popeye & Friends Character Trail

Chester, Illinois, Segar's hometown, has an abundance of proof that the bartender and laborer Frank "Rocky" Fiegel (born in Chester, Illinois, January 27, 1868) was the real-life inspiration for the character Popeye. His parents Bartłomiej and Anna H. Fiegiel had come from the area of Greater Poland Voivodeship, then part of Prussia, and migrated to the United States, Illinois. He had a prominent chin, sinewy physique, characteristic pipe, and a propensity and agile skill for fist-fighting.Grandinetti
p. 4
Fiegel died on March 24, 1947, never having married. His gravestone has the image of Popeye engraved on it. E. C. Segar regularly sent money to Fiegel (as a thank you for the inspiration) according to Elzie's assistant, Bud Sagendorf, and the local Chester businessmen that saw the checks, and Popeye historian Michael Brooks. The town of Chester erected a statue of Popeye in Segar's honor in 1977 and began the Popeye & Friends Character Trail in 2006, adding new statues honoring the other Thimble Theater characters each year. This Character Trail is spread throughout Chester and includes (with unveiling dates): * Popeye (1977) * J. Wellington Wimpy (2006) * Olive Oyl, Swee'Pea, and Jeep (2007) * Bluto (2008) * Castor Oyl and Whiffle Hen (2009) * Sea Hag and Bernard (2010) * Cole Oyl (2011) * Alice the Goon and her Goon-child (2012) * Poopdeck Pappy (2013) * Professor Wotasnozzle (2014) * RoughHouse (2015) * Pipeye, Pupeye, Peepeye, and Poopeye, Popeye's four nephews (2016) * King Blozo (2017) * Nana Oyl (2018) * Popeye's Pups (September 2019) * Sherlock & Segar (December 2019) * Toar (2020) * Harold Hamgravy (2021) * Oscar (scheduled for 2022) Additional hometown residents of Chester have served as inspiration for other Segar characters, including Dora Paskel, an uncommonly tall, angular lady who ran a general store in town, who was the origin for Popeye's gal, Olive Oyl. She even wore a hair bun close to her neckline. William "Windy Bill" Schuchert, a rather rotund man who owned the local opera house (and was Segar's early employer), was the seed for the character J. Wellington Wimpy. He even sent out his employees to purchase hamburgers for him between performances at a local tavern named Wiebusch's, the same tavern that Fiegel frequented and where he engaged in fistfights. Conjecture presented in a 2009 book raised the idea that while living in Santa Monica, Segar might have based some of Popeye's language on a local fisherman; even though the article never made a definitive claim.

Cultural influences

Culturally, many consider Popeye a precursor to the superheroes who eventually dominated US comic books. Such has been Popeye's cultural impact that the medical profession sometimes refers to the biceps bulge symptomatic of a tendon rupture as the "Popeye muscle." Note, however, that under normal (uninfluenced by spinach) conditions, Popeye has pronounced muscles of the ''forearm'', not of the biceps. In 1973, Cary Bates created Captain Strong, a takeoff of Popeye, for DC Comics, as a way of having two cultural icons – Superman and (a proxy of) Popeye – meet. The 1981 Nintendo videogame Donkey Kong, which introduced Donkey Kong (character), its eponymous character and Nintendo's unofficial company mascot Mario to the world, was originally planned to be a Popeye game. Mario (then known as Jumpman) was originally supposed to be Popeye, Donkey Kong was originally Bluto, and the character Pauline was originally Olive Oyl, but when Nintendo was unable to acquire the rights to use the actual franchise characters, it decided to create original characters instead. The 1988 Walt Disney/Touchstone Pictures film ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'' featured many classic cartoon characters, and the absence of Popeye was noted by some critics. Popeye (along with Olive Oyl, Bluto, and Wimpy) actually had a cameo role planned for the film. However, since the Popeye cartoons were based on a comic strip, Disney found they had to pay licensing fees to both King Features Syndicate and MGM/UA. MGM/UA's pre-May 1986 library (which included Popeye) was being purchased by Turner Entertainment at the time, which created legal complications; thus, the rights could not be obtained in time and Popeye's cameo was dropped from the film.

The Popeye dance

The Popeye was a popular dance in the dance craze era of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Originating in New Orleans around 1962, the Popeye was performed by shuffling and moving one's arms, placing one arm behind and one arm in front and alternating them, going through the motion of raising a pipe up to the mouth, and alternate sliding or pushing one foot back in the manner of ice skating, similar to motions exhibited by the cartoon character. According to music historian Robert Pruter, the Popeye was even more popular than the Twist (dance), Twist in New Orleans. The dance was associated with and/or referenced to in several songs, including Eddie Bo's "Check Mr. Popeye," Chris Kenner's "Something You Got" and "Land of a Thousand Dances," Frankie Ford's "You Talk Too Much," Ernie K-Doe's "Popeye Joe," Huey "Piano" Smith's "Popeye," and Harvey Fuqua's "Any Way You Wanta." A compilation of 23 Popeye dance songs was released in 1996 under the title ''New Orleans Popeye Party''. Also, the pop group The Tornados had a version of The Sailor's Hornpipe called the "Popeye Twist

Spinach

Initially Popeye's chief superhuman characteristic was his indestructibility, rather than super strength, which was attributed to his having rubbed the head of Bernice the Whiffle Hen numerous times after being shot. Popeye later attributed his strength to spinach. The popularity of Popeye helped boost spinach sales. Using Popeye as a role model for healthier eating may work; a 2010 study revealed that children increased their vegetable consumption after watching Popeye cartoons. The spinach-growing community of Crystal City, Texas, erected a statue of the character in recognition of Popeye's positive effects on the spinach industry. There is another Popeye statue in Segar's hometown, Chester, Illinois, and statues in Springdale, Arkansas, Springdale and Alma, Arkansas (which claims to be "The Spinach Capital of the World"), at canning plants o
Allen Canning
which markets Popeye-branded canned spinach. In addition to Allen Canning's Popeye spinach, Popeye Fresh Foods markets bagged, fresh spinach with Popeye characters on the package. In 2006, when spinach contaminated with ''E. coli'' was 2006 North American E. coli outbreak, accidentally sold to the public, many editorial cartoonists lampooned the affair by featuring Popeye in their cartoons. A frequently circulated story claims that Fleischer's choice of spinach to give Popeye strength was based on faulty calculations of its iron content. In the story, a scientist misplaced a decimal point in an 1870 measurement of spinach's iron content, leading to an iron value ten times higher than it should have been. The error was not a slipped decimal point but a measurement error which was corrected in the 1930s, however the myth of extraordinarily high iron content persisted.

Word coinages

The strip is also responsible for popularizing, although not inventing, the word "wikt:goon, goon" (meaning a thug or lackey); goons in Popeye's world were large humanoids with indistinctly drawn faces that were particularly known for being used as muscle and slave labor by Popeye's nemesis, the Sea Hag. One particular goon, the aforementioned female named Alice, was an occasional recurring character in the animated shorts, but she was usually a fairly nice character. Eugene the Jeep was introduced in the comic strip on March 13, 1936. Two years later the term "jeep wagons" was in use, later shortened to simply "jeep" with widespread World War II usage and then trademarked by Willys-Overland as "Jeep".

Events and honors

The Popeye Picnic is held every year in Chester, Illinois, on the weekend after Labor Day (United States), Labor Day. Popeye fans attend from across the globe, including a visit by a film crew from South Korea in 2004. The one-eyed sailor's hometown strives to entertain devotees of all ages. In honor of Popeye's 75th anniversary, the Empire State Building illuminated its notable tower lights green the weekend of January 16–18, 2004 as a tribute to the icon's love of spinach. This special lighting marked the only time the Empire State Building ever celebrated the anniversary/birthday of a comic strip character.

''Thimble Theatre/Popeye'' characters

Characters originating in comic strips by E. C. Segar

* Popeye the Sailor Man * Olive Oyl * Swee'Pea (Popeye's adopted baby son in the comics, Olive's cousin in the cartoons) * J. Wellington Wimpy * Bluto/Brutus * Eugene the Jeep * The Sea Hag * The Sea Hag's vultures, including her favorite, Bernard * Alice the Goon and the other Goons * Rough House (a cook (profession), cook who runs a local restaurant, the Rough House) * George W. Geezil (the local cobbler who hates Wimpy) * Ham Gravy (full name Harold Hamgravy, Olive Oyl's original boyfriend) * Castor Oyl (Olive Oyl's brother) * Cole Oyl (Olive Oyl's father) * Nana Oyl (Olive Oyl's mother) * King Blozo * Oscar * General Bunzo * Bernice the Whiffle Hen (called the "Whiffle Bird" in the 1960s King Features TV shorts) * "Salty" Bill Barnacle (a fellow sailor and old friend of Popeye) * Bill Squid (an older sailor rival of Popeye) * Bolo (a humanoid slave of the Sea Hag) * Bullo Oxheart and his mother (a boxer rival of Popeye) * B. Loony Bullony (a depressive cartoonist) * Battling McGnat (Popeye's boxing manager) * Johnny Doodle (a pilot friend of Olive) * The Mars Men (coming in various forms) * Mary Ann (Popeye's adopted daughter for a few strips) * Poopdeck Pappy (Popeye's 99-year-old long-lost father; also a sailor) * Pooky Jones (a dwarf and Poopdeck Pappy's best friend/partner in crime) * Professor O. G. Watasnozzle (a character with a large nose, as his name indicates) * Toar (a 900-pound caveman living in the modern age)

Characters originating in comic strips by Tom Sims and Bela Zaboly

* Sir Pomeroy (an explorer and later archaeologist friend of Popeye)

Characters originating in comic strips and books by Bud Sagendorf

* Davy Jones * the Doomsday Doll * Dufus (the son of a family friend) * Georgie the Giant * Ghost Island's ghost * Granny (Popeye's grandmother and Poopdeck's mother) * Horace (a Native American guide and friend of Popeye) * Liverstone (Popeye's pet seagull) * Misermites (a race of thieving dwarves) * Salty the parrot * Snagg and Baby Doll (Spinachovian criminals) * Patcheye the Pirate (Popeye's ancestor)

Characters originating in comic strips by Bobby London and others

* Saddarn Shahame (the dictator of Bananastan; a loose parody of Saddam Hussein) * Sutra Oyl, Olive's sexy cousin, and her punk husband Motor Oyl * Otis O. Otis, "the world's smartest detective" as well as Wimpy's cousin filmmaker Otis Von Lens Cover

Characters originating in the cartoons

* Peepeye, Poopeye, Pupeye and Pipeye (Popeye's identical nephews in the Fleischer Studio shorts) * Shorty (Popeye's shipmate in three World War II-era in the Famous Studios shorts) * Diesel Oyl (Olive's identical niece, a conceited brat who appears in three of the 1960s King Features shorts) * Popeye, Jr. (son of Popeye and Olive Oyl, exclusive of the series ''Popeye and Son'') * Tank (son of Brutus, exclusive of the series ''Popeye and Son'')

Filmography

Theatrical

* ''Popeye the Sailor filmography (Fleischer Studios), Popeye the Sailor'' (1933–1942, produced by Fleischer Studios, 109 cartoons) * ''Popeye the Sailor filmography (Famous Studios), Popeye the Sailor'' (1942–1957, produced by Famous Studios, 122 cartoons) * ''Popeye'' (TBA), directed by Genndy Tartakovsky (King Features)

Television

* ''Popeye the Sailor (1960s TV series), Popeye the Sailor'' (1960–1962, American Broadcasting Company, ABC; produced by Larry Harmon Pictures, Rembrandt Films, Halas and Batchelor, Gerald Ray Studios, Jack Kinney, Jack Kinney Productions, Famous Studios, Paramount Cartoon Studios and Gibba, Corona Cinematografica for King Features Syndicate, 220 cartoons) * ''The All New Popeye Hour'' (1978–1981, CBS; produced by Hanna-Barbera, Hanna-Barbera Productions, 134 cartoons) * ''The Popeye and Olive Comedy Show'' (1981–1983, CBS; produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, 33 cartoons) * ''Popeye and Son'' (1987–1988, CBS; produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, 26 cartoons) * ''The Popeye Show'' (2001–2003, Cartoon Network; repeats of 135 cartoons) * ''Toon In with Me'' (2021–present, MeTV, 103 episodes)

Television specials

* ''Popeye Meets the Man Who Hated Laughter'' (1972, ABC; produced by Hal Seeger, Hal Seeger Productions) * ''The All New Popeye Hour, The Popeye Show'' (1978, CBS; produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions) * ''The All New Popeye Hour, The Popeye Valentine Special: Sweethearts at Sea'' (1979, CBS; produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions) * ''Popeye's Voyage: The Quest for Pappy'' (2004, Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox; produced by Rainmaker Studios, Mainframe Entertainment for King Features)

Live-action feature film

* ''Popeye (film), Popeye'' (1980, produced by Paramount Pictures and Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Robert Altman)

DVD collections

Theatrical cartoons * ''Popeye the Sailor: 1933–1938, Volume 1'' (released July 31, 2007) features Fleischer cartoons released from 1933 through early 1938 and contains the color Popeye specials ''Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor'' and ''Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves''. * ''Popeye the Sailor: 1938–1940, Volume 2'' (released June 17, 2008) features Fleischer cartoons released from mid-1938 through 1940 and includes the last color Popeye special ''Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp''. * ''Popeye the Sailor: 1941–1943, Volume 3'' (released November 4, 2008) features the remaining black-and-white ''Popeye'' cartoons released from 1941 to 1943, including the final Fleischer-produced and earliest Famous-produced entries in the series. * ''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 1'' (released December 11, 2018) features the first 14 color Popeye shorts produced by Famous Studios. The set was made available on Blu-ray and DVD, and the shorts were sourced from 4K masters scanned from the original nitrate negatives. * ''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 2'' (released June 18, 2019) features the next 15 color Popeye shorts produced by Famous Studios. The set was made available on Blu-ray and DVD, and the shorts were sourced from 4K masters scanned from the original nitrate negatives. * ''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 3'' (released September 17, 2019) features the next 17 color Popeye shorts produced by Famous Studios. The set was made available on Blu-ray and DVD, and the shorts were sourced from 4K masters scanned from the original nitrate negatives. TV cartoons * ''Popeye the Sailor: The 1960s Classics, Volume 1'' (released May 7, 2013) A DVD-R release by Warner Archive Collection consisting mostly of made for TV cartoons produced for King Features Television by Paramount Cartoon Studios and Gerald Ray Studios.

References

External links

Official Popeye & Friends Character Trail site

''Popeye''
at Comics Kingdom
''Popeye's Cartoon Club''
at Comics Kingdom
Fleischer ''Popeye'' Tribute

Popeye: The Home of Popeye the Sailor Man

History of Popeye

{{Authority control Popeye, Popeye characters American comic strips Comics characters introduced in 1929 1929 comics debuts Gag-a-day comics Adventure comics Comics spin-offs Comics characters with superhuman strength Fictional sailors Fictional World War II veterans Articles containing video clips Comics adapted into radio series American comedy radio programs 1935 radio programme debuts 1938 radio programme endings Radio programs based on comic strips American comics adapted into films Comics adapted into animated series Comics adapted into video games Animated films based on comics Animated series based on comics Animated human characters Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios Fictional characters based on real people Male characters in animation Male characters in comics Fictional characters from California Fictional United States Coast Guard personnel Fictional United States Navy personnel Animated characters