Ponte - piazza s Apollinare e ex collegio germanico 1060303

Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare is a former

pontifical university A pontifical university is an ecclesiastical university established or approved directly by the Holy See, composed of three main ecclesiastical faculties (Theology, Philosophy and canon law (Catholic Church), Canon Law) and at least one other facu ...

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, named after St.

Apollinaris of Ravenna Apollinaris of Ravenna ( it, Apollinare; , ''Apollinarios'', Late Latin: ''Apolenaris'') is a Syrian saint, whom the Roman Martyrology describes as "a bishop who, according to tradition, while spreading among the nations the unsearchable riches of ...

. Its facilities are now occupied by the

Pontifical University of the Holy Cross Pontifical University of the Holy Cross ( la, Pontificia Universitas Sanctae Crucis, it, Pontificia Università della Santa Croce) is a Roman Catholic university under the Curial Congregation for Catholic Education, now entrusted to the Prela ...

. Initially, the Palace of St. Apollinare was used as a residence for various cardinals, until 1574, when

Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII ( la, Gregorius XIII; it, Gregorio XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in April 1585. He is best known for ...

gave the building to the

Jesuits The Society of Jesus ( la, Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuits (; la, Iesuitæ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

for the German College.

History

Previously the premises was the site of the Palace of St. Apollinare in the northern area of the

Piazza Navona Piazza Navona () is a public open space in Rome, Italy. It is built on the site of the Stadium of Domitian, built in the 1st century AD, and follows the form of the open space of the stadium. The ancient Romans went there to watch the '' agones' ...

. Around 1417,

Martin V Pope Martin V ( la, Martinus V; it, Martino V; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Otto (or Oddone) Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. Hi ...

gave Cardinal

Branda da Castiglione Branda da Castiglione (Castiglione Olona, 4 February 1350 – Castiglione Olona, 4 February 1443) was an early Renaissance humanism, Italian humanist, a papal diplomat and a Roman Catholic cardinal. Early career He was born to a Milanese noble f ...

the use of the Palazzo di Sant'Apollinare in the

. In 1455, Cardinal

Guillaume d'Estouteville Guillaume d'Estouteville, OSB (c. 1412–1483) was a French aristocrat of royal blood who became a leading bishop and cardinal. He held a number of Church offices simultaneously. He conducted the reexamination of the case of Jeanne d'Arc and ...

took up residence there, and built the Church of S. Agostino just to the east.

''Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum''

Collegio Germanico - Plate 164 - Giuseppe Vasi

In January 1574,

granted the property to the

as the seat of the ''Collegium Germanicum''. Founded by

Ignatius Loyola Ignatius of Loyola, S.J. (born Íñigo López de Oñaz y Loyola; eu, Ignazio Loiolakoa; es, Ignacio de Loyola; la, Ignatius de Loyola; – 31 July 1556), venerated as Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a Spanish Catholic priest and theologian, ...

, it is, after the Capranica, the oldest college in Rome. The students studied at the ''Collegio Romano'', founded by Ignatius in 1551. In 1575, Gregory gave the college charge of the services in the adjoining church of

Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine The Basilica di Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine ("Basilica of Saint Apollinaris at the Baths of Nero") is a titular church in Rome, Italy, dedicated to St Apollinare, the first bishop of Ravenna. The church is part of a lar ...

. The ''Collegium Germanicus'' became well known for its music and drew large crowds to the church. In 1580, it merged with the ''Collegium Hungaricum'', founded in 1578, to become the

Pontificium Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum de Urbe The ''Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum'', or simply ''Collegium Germanicum'', is a German-speaking seminary for Catholic priests in Rome, founded in 1552. Since 1580 its full name has been ''Pontificium Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum de Urb''e ...

. By the late 17th century, the church was in a poor state of repair. Its rebuilding was considered over a long period but wasn't carried out, probably due to the lack of funds. Despite this, in 1702 a chapel was redecorated and dedicated to St Francis Xavier, and a statue of the saint was commissioned from French sculptor Pierre Le Gros. In 1742,

Pope Benedict XIV Pope Benedict XIV ( la, Benedictus XIV; it, Benedetto XIV; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 17 August 1740 to his death in May 1758.Antipope ...

commissioned

Ferdinando Fuga Ferdinando Fuga (11 November 1699 – 7 February 1782) was an Italian architect who was born in Florence, and is known for his work in Rome and Naples. Much of his early work was in Rome, notably, the Palazzo della Consulta (1732–7) at the Quiri ...

to rebuild the church. (The statue of Francis Xavier was preserved and remains in situ). On the completion of the church, a new Palace of S. Apollinare was erected. With the suppression of the Jesuits in 1773, direction of the college was taken over by secular clergy. The college was closed in 1798, when the French army occupied the city but was reopened in 1818 and eventually relocated to the Via S. Nicola da Tolentino.

''Seminario Romano''

In 1824, when

Pope Leo XII Pope Leo XII ( it, Leone XII; born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga (; 2 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death ...

transferred the ''Seminario Romano'' to the Palazzo di Sant'Apollinare, formerly occupied by the Collegio Germanico. The students were intended to serve as diocesan priests in Rome. The ''Pontificio Seminario Pio'' was founded in 1853 by

Pope Pius IX Pope Pius IX ( it, Pio IX, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican ...

for the dioceses of the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...

and was intended for seminarians from all regions of Italy. Pius added two floors to the seminary building in order to locate the ''Seminario Pio'' in the Palazzo di S. Apollinare. In 1913 it was merged with the major division of the "Roman Seminary" to form the ''Pontificio Seminario Romano Maggior'', and relocated to the Lateran. From that date until 1920, the

Vincentian Fathers , logo = , image = Vincentians.png , abbreviation = CM , nickname = Vincentians, Paules, Lazarites, Lazarists, Lazarians , established = , founder = Vincent de Paul , fou ...

occupied settled in the Palace, their own building having been seized by the government to build the

Palazzo Montecitorio The Palazzo Montecitorio () is a palace in Rome and the seat of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian Parliament. History The palace's name derives from the slight hill on which it is built, which was claimed to be the ''Mons ...

for the

Italian Chamber of Deputies The Chamber of Deputies ( it, Camera dei deputati) is the lower house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Senate of the Republic). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical funct ...

Pontifical Institute of St. Apollinare

Pope Benedict XV Pope Benedict XV (Latin: ''Benedictus XV''; it, Benedetto XV), born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, name=, group= (; 21 November 185422 January 1922), was head of the Catholic Church from 1914 until his death in January 1922. His ...

made the Palace the seat of the Pontifical Institute of St. Apollinare. Eugenio Pacelli (the future

Pius XII Pius ( , ) Latin for "pious", is a masculine given name. Its feminine form is Pia. It may refer to: People Popes * Pope Pius (disambiguation) * Antipope Pius XIII (1918-2009), who led the breakaway True Catholic Church sect Given name * Pius B ...

) and Angelo Roncalli (future

John XXIII Pope John XXIII ( la, Ioannes XXIII; it, Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, ; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 19 ...

) studied there. In 1910, Pius X founded the "Higher School of Sacred Music".Pope John Paul II, "Address to the Professors and Students of The Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music", ''Adoremus'', January 19, 2001
/ref> Four years later, it was raised to a Pontifical Institution with the power to confer academic degrees. In 1983 the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music re-located to the Abbey of San Girolamo in Urbe, where, teaching and daily liturgy are carried out, whereas the legal and historical headquarters continued to be in Sant’Apollinare.Pope Benedict XVI. "Pope’s Letter to Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music", ''Zenit'', May 31, 2011
/ref> Since 1990, the Palace has been the seat of the

Notable people who have attended S Apollinare

References

{{authority control Seminaries and theological colleges in Italy Universities and colleges in Rome Pontifical universities