''Podocarpus'' () is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

conifers Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class, Pinopsida. All ext ...

, the most numerous and widely distributed of the podocarp family, the

Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, known in English as podocarps, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs.James E. Eckenwalder. 2009. ''Conifers of the World''. Portland, Oregon: Timber P ...

. The name comes from Greek πούς (poús, “foot”) + καρπός (karpós, “fruit”). ''Podocarpus'' species are

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, whic ...

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from tree ...

s or

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

s, usually from tall, known to reach at times. The

cones A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines conn ...

have two to five fused cone scales, which form a fleshy,

berry A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, rasp ...

-like, brightly coloured receptacle at maturity. The fleshy cones attract

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...

s, which then eat the cones and disperse the seeds in their droppings. About 97 to 107 species are placed in the genus depending on the circumscription of the species.Earle, Chris J.
''Podocarpus''.
The Gymnosperm Database. 2013. Species are cultivated as ornamental plants for parks and large gardens. The

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture ...

'County Park Fire' has won the

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nor ...

Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...

Names and etymology

Common names for various species include "yellowwood" and "pine", as in the plum pine ('' Podocarpus elatus'') or the Buddhist pine (''

Podocarpus macrophyllus ''Podocarpus macrophyllus'' is a conifer in the genus ''Podocarpus'', family Podocarpaceae. It is the northernmost species of the genus, native to southern Japan and southern and eastern China. Common names in English include yew plum pine, Buddh ...

'').

Description

''Podocarpus'' species are

woody plants. They are generally trees, but may also be shrubs. The trees can reach a height of 40 meters at their tallest. Some shrubby species have a decumbent growth habit. The primary

branch A branch, sometimes called a ramus in botany, is a woody structural member connected to the central trunk of a tree (or sometimes a shrub). Large branches are known as boughs and small branches are known as twigs. The term '' twig'' usuall ...

es form pseudowhorls around the trunk. The bark can be scaly or fibrous and peeling with vertical strips. Terminal

bud In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of a stem. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormant condition, or it may form a shoot immediately. Buds may be spec ...

s are distinctive with bud scales that are often imbricate and can be spreading. The

leaves A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, st ...

are simple and flattened, and may be sessile or short petiolate. The

phyllotaxis In botany, phyllotaxis () or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem. Phyllotactic spirals form a distinctive class of patterns in nature. Leaf arrangement The basic arrangements of leaves on a stem are opposite and alterna ...

or leaf arrangement is spiral, and may be subopposite on some shoots. The leaves are usually linear-lanceolate or linear-elliptic in shape, though they can be broader lanceolate, ovate, or nearly elliptic in some species. Juvenile leaves are often larger than adult leaves, though similar in shape. The leaves are coriaceous and have a distinct midrib. The

stoma In botany, a stoma (from Greek ''στόμα'', "mouth", plural "stomata"), also called a stomate (plural "stomates"), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange. The pore is bo ...

ta are usually restricted to the abaxial or underside of the leaf, forming two stomatal bands around the midrib. ''Podocarpus'' spp. are generally

dioecious Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproducti ...

, with the male pollen cones and female seed cones borne on separate individual plants, but some species may be

monoecious Monoecy (; adj. monoecious ) is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system alongside gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy. Monoecy is ...

. The

develop from

axillary bud The axillary bud (or lateral bud) is an embryonic or organogenic shoot located in the axil of a leaf. Each bud has the potential to form shoots, and may be specialized in producing either vegetative shoots (stems and branches) or reproductive ...

s, and may be solitary or form clusters. The pollen cones are long and

catkin A catkin or ament is a slim, cylindrical flower cluster (a spike), with inconspicuous or no petals, usually wind-pollinated (anemophilous) but sometimes insect-pollinated (as in '' Salix''). They contain many, usually unisexual flowers, arrang ...

-like in shape. They may be sessile or short pedunculate. A pollen cone consists of a slender rachis with numerous spirally arranged microsporophylls around it. Each triangular microsporophyll has two basal

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametop ...

-producing pollen sacs. The pollen is bisaccate. The seed cones are highly modified with the few cone scales swelling and fusing at maturity. The cones are pedunculate and often solitary. The seed cone consists of two to five cone scales of which only the uppermost one or rarely two nearest the apex of the cone are fertile. Each fertile scale usually has one apical ovule. The infertile basal scales fuse and swell to form a succulent, usually brightly colored receptacle. Each cone generally has only one

seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiosper ...

, but may have two or rarely more. The seed is attached to the apex of the receptacle. The seed is entirely covered by a fleshy modified scale known as an epimatium. The epimatium is usually green, but may be bluish or reddish in some species. Podocarpus henkelii 2.jpg, Leaves of ''P. henkelii'' Podocarpus macrophyllus flower.jpg, Male cones of ''P. macrophyllus'' grow in clusters. PodocarpusTotara.jpg, A seed cone of ''P. totara'' showing a red receptacle and a green epimatium Podocarpus elatus on sand.JPG, A seedling of ''P. elatus''

Distribution

The natural distribution of the genus consists of much of Africa, Asia, Australia, Central and South America, and several South Pacific islands. The genus occurs from southern Chile north to Mexico in the Americas and from New Zealand north to Japan in the Asia-Pacific region. ''Podocarpus'' and the Podocarpaceae were

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

to the ancient supercontinent of

Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final sta ...

, which broke up into

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sou ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

Australia-New Guinea The continent of Australia, sometimes known in technical contexts by the names Sahul (), Australia-New Guinea, Australinea, Meganesia, or Papualand to distinguish it from the country of Australia, is located within the Southern and Easte ...

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island coun ...

, and

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

between 105 and 45 million years ago. ''Podocarpus'' is a characteristic tree of the

Antarctic flora Antarctic flora are a distinct community of vascular plants which evolved millions of years ago on the supercontinent of Gondwana. Presently, species of Antarctica flora reside on several now separated areas of the Southern Hemisphere, includin ...

, which originated in the cool, moist climate of southern Gondwana, and elements of the flora survive in the humid temperate regions of the former supercontinent. As the continents drifted north and became drier and hotter, podocarps and other members of the Antarctic flora generally retreated to humid regions, especially in Australia, where

sclerophyll Sclerophyll is a type of vegetation that is adapted to long periods of dryness and heat. The plants feature hard leaves, short internodes (the distance between leaves along the stem) and leaf orientation which is parallel or oblique to direct ...

genera such as ''

Acacia ''Acacia'', commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa and Australasia. The genus nam ...

'' and ''

Eucalyptus ''Eucalyptus'' () is a genus of over seven hundred species of flowering trees, shrubs or mallees in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae, including '' Corymbia'', they are commonly known as ...

'' became predominant. The flora of Malesia, which includes the

Malay peninsula The Malay Peninsula ( Malay: ''Semenanjung Tanah Melayu'') is a peninsula in Mainland Southeast Asia. The landmass runs approximately north–south, and at its terminus, it is the southernmost point of the Asian continental mainland. The ar ...

, Indonesia, the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

, and New Guinea, is generally derived from Asia, but includes many elements of the old Gondwana flora, including several other genera in the Podocarpaceae (''

Dacrycarpus ''Dacrycarpus'' is a genus of conifers belonging to the family Podocarpaceae.Christopher N. Page. 1990. "Podocarpaceae" pages 332-346. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) ''The Families and Gene ...

Dacrydium ''Dacrydium'' is a genus of conifers belonging to the podocarp family Podocarpaceae. Sixteen species of evergreen dioecious trees and shrubs are presently recognized. The genus was first described by Solander in 1786, and formerly included many m ...

, Falcatifolium, Nageia,

Phyllocladus ''Phyllocladus'', the celery pines, is a small genus of conifers, now usually treated in the family Podocarpaceae.James E. Eckenwalder. 2009. ''Conifers of the World''. Timber Press: Portland, OR, USA. .'' ''Species occur mainly in New Zealand, ...

,'' and the Malesian endemic '' Sundacarpus''), and also ''

Agathis ''Agathis'', commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a genus of 22 species of evergreen tree. The genus is part of the ancient conifer family Araucariaceae, a group once widespread during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but now largely re ...

'' in the

Araucariaceae Araucariaceae – also known as araucarians – is an extremely ancient family of coniferous trees. The family achieved its maximum diversity during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods and the early Cenozoic, when it was distributed almost worldw ...

Classification

The two subgenera, ''Podocarpus'' and ''Foliolatus'', are distinguished by cone and seed morphology. In ''Podocarpus'', the cone is not subtended by lanceolate bracts, and the seed usually has an apical ridge. Species are distributed in the temperate forests of

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

, and southern

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...

, with a few occurring in the tropical highlands of Africa and the Americas. In ''Foliolatus'', the cone is subtended by two lanceolate bracts ("foliola"), and the seed usually lacks an apical ridge. The species are tropical and subtropical, concentrated in eastern and southeastern Asia and Malesia, overlapping with subgenus ''Podocarpus'' in northeastern Australia and

. Species in family Podocarpaceae have been reshuffled a number of times based on genetic and physiological evidence, with many species formerly assigned to ''Podocarpus'' now assigned to other genera. A sequence of classification schemes has moved species between '' Nageia'' and ''Podocarpus'', and in 1969, de Laubenfels divided the huge genus ''Podocarpus'' into ''Dacrycarpus, Decussocarpus'' (an invalid name he later revised to the valid '' Nageia''), '' Prumnopitys'', and ''Podocarpus''. Some species of genus ''

Afrocarpus ''Afrocarpus'' is a genus of conifers of the family Podocarpaceae. Two to six species are recognized. They are evergreen trees native to Africa. ''Afrocarpus'' was designated a genus in 1989, when several species formerly classified in ''Podocar ...

'' were formerly in ''Podocarpus'', such as ''

Afrocarpus gracilior ''Afrocarpus gracilior'' (syn. ''Podocarpus gracilior'') is a species of coniferous tree in the family Podocarpaceae known as benet in Marakwet and East African yellowwood, African fern tree, or bastard yellowwood in English It is native to east ...

''. ;Species * Subgenus ''Podocarpus'' ** section ''Podocarpus'' (eastern and southern

) *** ''

Podocarpus elongatus ''Podocarpus elongatus'', the Breede River yellowwood, is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. In contrast to other yellowwood species of southern Africa, ''Podocarpus elongatus'' often resembles an enormous, round, multi-stemmed bu ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus latifolius ''Podocarpus latifolius'' (broad-leaved yellowwood or real yellowwood, af, Opregte-geelhout, nso, Mogôbagôba, xh, Umcheya, zu, Umkhoba) is a large evergreen tree up to 35 m high and 3 m trunk diameter, in the conifer family Podoc ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus milanjianus ''Podocarpus milanjianus'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is native to the highlands and mountains of tropical Africa. Description ''Podocarpus milanjianus'' is an evergreen tree which can grow slowly up to 35 meters i ...

'' ** section ''Scytopodium'' (

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Afric ...

, eastern Africa) *** '' Podocarpus capuronii'' *** ''

Podocarpus henkelii ''Podocarpus henkelii'' (Henkel's yellowwood, af, Henkel-se-Geelhout, xh, Umsonti, zu, Umsonti) is a South African species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is grown ornamentally in gardens for its strikingly neat, attractive form an ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus humbertii ''Podocarpus humbertii'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, known in English as podocarps, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus madagascariensis ''Podocarpus madagascariensis'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in Madagascar. It is found in moist forests and shrublands in eastern and central Madagascar, from sea level up to 2,400 meters elevation. It o ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus rostratus ''Podocarpus rostratus'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Range and habitat ''Podocarpus rostratus'' is native to the high-elevation ericoid thickets in Madagascar's highlands, between 1,800 and ...

'' ** section ''Australis'' (southeast

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...

, southern

) *** ''

Podocarpus alpinus ''Podocarpus lawrencei'' is a species of podocarp native throughout the Australian high country, from southern Tasmania through to the New South Wales highlands. Common names are Errinundra plum-pine and mountain plum-pine (though it is neither a ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus gnidioides ''Podocarpus gnidioides'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in New Caledonia. References

Podocarpus, gnidioides Least concern plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa named by Élie-Abel Carriè ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus laetus ''Podocarpus laetus'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae, commonly known as Hall's tōtara, mountain tōtara or thin-barked tōtara. Previously known as ''Podocarpus hallii'' and ''Podocarpus cunninghamii'', in 2015 it was re ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus lawrencei ''Podocarpus lawrencei'' is a species of podocarp native throughout the Australian high country, from southern Tasmania through to the New South Wales highlands. Common names are Errinundra plum-pine and mountain plum-pine (though it is neither ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus nivalis'' *** '' Podocarpus nubigenus'' *** ''

Podocarpus totara ''Podocarpus totara'' (; from the Maori-language ; the spelling "totara" is also common in English) is a species of podocarp tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows throughout the North Island and northeastern South Island in lowland, montane and ...

'' ** section ''Crassiformis'' (northeast

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , establishe ...

) *** '' Podocarpus smithii'' ** section ''Capitulatis'' (central Chile, southern

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

, the

Andes The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...

from northern

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest ...

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ' ...

) *** ''

Podocarpus aracensis ''Podocarpus aracensis'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, known in English as podocarps, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus glomeratus'' *** ''

Podocarpus lambertii ''Podocarpus lambertii'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found in Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South Ame ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus parlatorei'' *** '' Podocarpus salignus'' *** ''

Podocarpus sellowii ''Podocarpus sellowii'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in Brazil. Description ''Podocarpus sellowii'' grows as a small tree. Lichens and mosses grow epiphytically on the tree. Distribution and habitat ' ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus sprucei ''Podocarpus sprucei'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found largely in Ecuador and Peru. Description Tree to 20 m high (smaller at the highest elevations), with reddish brown scaly bark. Leaves elliptic to linear, dar ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus transiens'' **section ''Pratensis'' (southeast

Mexico Mexico (Spanish language, Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a List of sovereign states, country in the southern portion of North America. It is borders of Mexico, bordered to the north by the United States; to the so ...

Guyana Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". The capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the ...

and

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...

) *** '' Podocarpus oleifolius'' *** ''

Podocarpus pendulifolius ''Podocarpus pendulifolius'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemism, endemic to Venezuela. Its common names include ''Pino Carbón'' and ''Pino Hayuco''. This tree grows in rainforest habitat, sometimes at high eleva ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus tepuiensis'' **section ''Lanceolatis'' (southern Mexico,

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and unincorporated ...

Lesser Antilles The Lesser Antilles ( es, link=no, Antillas Menores; french: link=no, Petites Antilles; pap, Antias Menor; nl, Kleine Antillen) are a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. Most of them are part of a long, partially volcanic island arc be ...

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

to highland

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

) *** ''

Podocarpus coriaceus ''Podocarpus coriaceus'', commonly known as the yucca plum pine, is a species of conifer, an evergreen tree in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found in the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, and Saint Kitts and N ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus matudae ''Podocarpus matudae'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Mexico. Description ''Podocarpus matudae'' is an evergreen tree. It can grow to large size, with a bole up to 150&nbs ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus rusbyi'' *** ''

Podocarpus salicifolius ''Podocarpus salicifolius'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela. References

Podocarpus, salicifolius Least concern plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{conifer-stub ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus steyermarkii'' **section ''Pumilis'' (southern

Caribbean islands Almost all of the Caribbean islands are in the Caribbean Sea, with only a few in inland lakes. The largest island is Cuba. Other sizable islands include Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago. Some of the smaller islands a ...

and

Guiana Highlands The Guianas, sometimes called by the Spanish loan-word ''Guayanas'' (''Las Guayanas''), is a region in north-eastern South America which includes the following three territories: * French Guiana, an overseas department and region of France * ...

) *** '' Podocarpus angustifolius'' *** '' Podocarpus aristulatus'' *** '' Podocarpus buchholzii'' *** '' Podocarpus roraimae'' *** ''

Podocarpus urbanii ''Podocarpus urbanii'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in Jamaica. References

Podocarpus, urbanii Near threatened plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Endemic flora of Jamaica {{conifer-stub ...

'' **section ''Nemoralis'' (central and northern

, south to Bolivia) *** '' Podocarpus brasiliensis'' *** '' Podocarpus celatus'' *** ''

Podocarpus guatemalensis ''Podocarpus guatemalensis'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. Its common names include ''ocotillo de llano'', ''cypress de montaña'', ''cipresillo'', ''alfajillo'', ''pinillo'', ''palo de oro'', and ''piño de montaña''. D ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus magnifolius'' *** ''

Podocarpus purdieanus ''Podocarpus purdieanus'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica. Its common name is yacca, or St. Ann yacca. This tree makes valuable lumber, so it has been overharvested, resulting in its current fragment ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus trinitensis'' * Subgenus ''Foliolatus'' ** section ''Foliolatus'' (

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is ma ...

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

, the

, and

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torres ...

Tonga Tonga (, ; ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga ( to, Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a Polynesian country and archipelago. The country has 171 islands – of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in ...

) *** ''

Podocarpus archboldii ''Podocarpus archboldii'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is native to the island of New Guinea, which is divided between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, and to the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea. It is found in ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus beecherae ''Podocarpus'' () is a genus of conifers, the most numerous and widely distributed of the podocarp family, the Podocarpaceae. The name comes from Greek πούς (poús, “foot”) + καρπός (karpós, “fruit”). ''Podocarpus'' species ...

'' *** ''

Podocarpus borneensis ''Podocarpus borneensis'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It native to the island of Borneo, which is divided between Indonesia and Malaysia. It grows primarily in montane rain forests between 700 and 2,100 meters elevation ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus deflexus'' *** '' Podocarpus epiphyticus'' *** '' Podocarpus insularis'' *** '' Podocarpus levis'' *** ''

Podocarpus neriifolius ''Podocarpus neriifolius'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It grows 10–15m tall, though very occasionally taller, in tropical and subtropical wet closed forests, between 650m and 1600m altitude.Dy Phon Pauline, 2000, ''Pla ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus novae-caledoniae'' *** ''

Podocarpus pallidus ''Podocarpus pallidus'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, known in English as podocarps, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs.J ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus rubens'' *** '' Podocarpus spathoides'' ** section ''Acuminatus'' (northern Queensland, New Guinea,

New Britain New Britain ( tpi, Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the D ...

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and e ...

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Podocarpus dispermus ''Podocarpus dispermus'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae known commonly as the broad-leaved brown pine. It is endemic to Queensland, Australia, where it is limited to the eastern Atherton Tableland. This species grows in sca ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus ledermannii'' *** '' Podocarpus micropedunculatus'' ** section ''Globulus'' (

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making ...

, Sumatra and Borneo, and New Caledonia) *** ''

Podocarpus annamiensis ''Podocarpus annamiensis'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found on Hainan Island Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands ...

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Podocarpus globulus ''Podocarpus globulus'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemism, endemic to Borneo, where there are only four known subpopulations, found in Sabah and on the Sabahan border with Sarawak, although it may have undiscover ...

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Podocarpus lucienii ''Podocarpus lucienii'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in New Caledonia. References

Podocarpus, lucienii Least concern plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa named by David John de Laubenfe ...

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Podocarpus nakaii ''Podocarpus nakaii'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the no ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus sylvestris'' *** ''

Podocarpus teysmannii ''Podocarpus teysmannii'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, known in English as podocarps, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs ...

'' **section ''Longifoliolatus'' (Sumatra and Borneo, east to

Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consis ...

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Podocarpus atjehensis ''Podocarpus atjehensis'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found in Sumatra and Sulawesi (Indonesia) and New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea). References External links Podocarpus atjehensison the Missouri Bota ...

'' *** '' Podocarpus bracteatus'' *** '' Podocarpus confertus'' *** ''

Podocarpus decumbens ''Podocarpus decumbens'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in New Caledonia. It is threatened by habitat loss. References

Podocarpus, decumbens Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot End ...

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Podocarpus degeneri ''Podocarpus degeneri'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in Fiji. References Podocarpus, degeneri Least concern plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN Some species of ''Podocarpus'' are used in systems of

traditional medicine Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies, including indigenous peoples, before the ...

for conditions such as

fever Fever, also referred to as pyrexia, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point. There is not a single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature with sources using val ...

cough A cough is a sudden expulsion of air through the large breathing passages that can help clear them of fluids, irritants, foreign particles and microbes. As a protective reflex, coughing can be repetitive with the cough reflex following three ph ...

arthritis Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In som ...

sexually transmitted disease Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the older term venereal diseases, are infections that are spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, and or ...

s, and

canine distemper Canine distemper virus (CDV) (sometimes termed footpad disease) is a viral disease that affects a wide variety of mammal families, including domestic and wild species of dogs, coyotes, foxes, pandas, wolves, ferrets, skunks, raccoons, and felin ...

. A chemotherapy drug used in treatment of

leukemia Leukemia ( also spelled leukaemia and pronounced ) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called ''blasts'' or ...

is made from ''Podocarpus''.

Names and etymology

Description

Distribution

Classification

References

Further reading