Plecia on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
''Plecia'' is a genus of March flies (
Fossilworks ''Plecia'' 12 July 2021
/ref>
;
''Plecia'' is a genus of March flies (Bibionidae
Bibionidae (March flies) is a family of flies ( Diptera) containing approximately 650–700 species worldwide. Adults are nectar feeders and emerge in numbers in spring. Because of the likelihood of adults flies being found ''in copula'', they ...
) comprising many species, both extant and fossilised.
Species
Extant species
*'' P. acutirostris'' *'' P. adiastola'' *'' P. affinidecora'' *'' P. americana'' *'' P. amplipennis'' *'' P. aruensis'' *'' P. angularis'' *'' P. avicephaliforma'' *'' P. bicuspidata'' *'' P. bifida'' *'' P. bifoliolata'' *'' P. bisulca'' *'' P. boliviana'' *'' P. chinensis'' *'' P. crenula'' *'' P. curtispina'' *'' P. cuspidata'' *'' P. digitiformis'' *'' P. dileracabilis'' *'' P. dimidiata'' *'' P. duplicis'' *'' P. edwardsi'' *'' P. emeiensis'' *'' P. erebea'' *'' P. erebeoidea'' *'' P. forcipiformis'' *'' P. fulvicollis'' *'' P. hadrosoma'' *'' P. hamata'' *'' P. impilosa'' *'' P. intricata'' *'' P. javensis'' *'' P. lateralis'' *'' P. lieftincki'' *'' P. longifolia'' *'' P. longiforceps'' *'' P. lopesi'' *'' P. mandibuliformis'' *'' P. membranifera'' *'' P. multilobata'' *'' P. nagatomii'' *'' P. nearctica'' – Lovebug *'' P. obtusicornis'' *'' P. obtusilobata'' *'' P. oculastra'' *'' P. okadai'' *'' P. ornaticornis'' *'' P. patula'' *'' P. pellucida'' *'' P. persimilis'' *'' P. plagiata'' *'' P. propeforcipata'' *'' P. propria'' *'' P. protea'' *'' P. pruinosa'' *'' P. pudica'' *'' P. punctulata'' *'' P. ramosa'' *'' P. rhinigera'' *'' P. rostellata'' *'' P. rufangularis'' *'' P. ruficollis'' – Harlequin fly *'' P. rufimarginata'' *'' P. rufiscutella'' *'' P. rugosa'' *'' P. serrifera'' *'' P. spilota'' *'' P. stricta'' *'' P. tephra'' *'' P. tetrascolata'' *'' P. thulinigra'' *'' P. trifida'' *'' P. triquetra'' *'' P. trunca'' *'' P. xyele''Fossil species
Many fossil species have been assigned to ''Plecia'' with ages dating from theCretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
(Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous Epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campani ...
) through the early Pleistocene
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in ...
(Gelasian
The Gelasian is an age in the international geologic timescale or a stage in chronostratigraphy, being the earliest or lowest subdivision of the Quaternary Period/System and Pleistocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 2.58 Ma (million ye ...
):/ref>
Cretaceous
*†'' P. myersi'' (Campanian,Canadian Amber
Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...
, MB)
Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pal ...
*†'' P. undans'' (Thanetian
The Thanetian is, in the ICS Geologic timescale, the latest age or uppermost stratigraphic stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between . The Thanetian is preceded by the Selandian Age and followed by the Ypresian Age ( ...
, ArdTun head, UK)
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...
;Ypresian, Allenby Formation
The Allenby formation is a sedimentary rock formation in British Columbia which was deposited during the Ypresian stage of the Early Eocene. It consists of conglomerates, sandstones with interbedded shales and coal. The shales contain an abunda ...
, Canada
*†'' P. angustipennis''
*†'' P. canadensis''
*†'' P. elatior''
*†'' P. minutula'' (Allenby Formation)
*†'' P. nana'' (Allenby Formation)
*†'' P. pictipennis'' (Allenby Formation)
*†'' P. pulchra'' (Allenby Formation)
*†'' P. pulla'' (Allenby Formation)
*†'' P. similkameena'' (Allenby Formation)
*†'' P. transitoria'' (Allenby Formation)
*†'' P. tulameenensis'' (Allenby Formation)
;Ypresian, Driftwood shales, Canada
*†'' P. cairnesi''
;Ypresian, Horsefly Shales, Canada
*†'' P. avus''
*†'' P. curtula''
*†'' P. dilatata''
*†'' P. platyptera'' (Horsefly Shales)
*†'' P. reducta'' (Horsefly Shales)
;Ypresian, "Mission Creek site", Canada
*†'' P. kelownaensis''
;Ypresian, Oise amber
Oise ( ; ; pcd, Oése) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called ''Oisiens'' () or ''Isariens'', after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,419 ...
, France
*†'' P. parisiensis''
;Ypresian, Green River Formation
The Green River Formation is an Eocene geologic formation that records the sedimentation in a group of intermountain lakes in three basins along the present-day Green River in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. The sediments are deposited in very fine ...
, USA
*†'' P. akerionana''
*†'' P. dejecta''
*†'' P. pealei''
*†'' P. rhodopterina''
*†'' P. winchesteri''
*†'' P. woodruffi''
;Priabonian, Baltic Amber
The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that these forests created more than ...
*†'' P. borussica''
*†'' P. brunniptera''
*†'' P. clavifemur''
*†'' P. hoffeinsorum''
*†'' P. prisca''
*†'' P. tenuicornis''
;Priabonian, France
*†'' P. angustiventris'' ( Célas site, France)
*†'' P. chapuisii''
*†'' P. dumasi''
*†'' P. foersteri''
;Pribonian, United Kingdom
*†'' P. acourti'' (Bembridge Marls
The Bouldnor Formation is a geological formation in the Hampshire Basin of southern England. It is the youngest formation of the Solent Group and was deposited during the uppermost Eocene and lower Oligocene.
Stratotype and occurrence
The Bo ...
, UK)
;Priabonian, Florissant Formation
The Florissant Formation is a sedimentary geologic formation outcropping around Florissant, Teller County, Colorado. The formation is noted for the abundant and exceptionally preserved insect and plant fossils that are found in the mudstones an ...
, USA
*†'' P. axeliana''
*†'' P. decapitata''
*†'' P. explanata''
*†'' P. gradata''
*†'' P. melanderi''
*†'' P. orycta''
*†'' P. tessella''
Rupelian
The Rupelian is, in the geologic timescale, the older of two ages or the lower of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/ Series. It spans the time between . It is preceded by the Priabonian Stage (part of the Eocene) and is followed by the Chattian ...
, Brunstatt
Brunstatt (; Alsatian: ''Brunscht'') is a former commune in the Haut-Rhin department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Brunstatt-Didenheim.P. gracillima''
;Rupelian,
Corent
Corent is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
It sits approximately 2 miles north of Les Martres-de-Veyre on the side of the old volcanic Puy de Corent.
In 2001 excavation began on a Gallic (Ce ...
, France
*†'' P. joannis''
*†'' P. larteti''
*†'' P. longipennis''
*†'' P. pallida''
*†'' P. rubescens''
*†'' P. sauvagei''
;Rupelian, Calcaires de Vacheres Formation, France
*†'' P. assonensis''
*†'' P. larguensis''
*†'' P. maimensis''
;Rupelian, Chadrat, France
*†'' P. oustaleti''
; Chattian, Niveau du gypse d'Aix, France
*†'' P. livida''
*†'' P. painvini''
*†'' P. retracta''
*†'' P. rhenana''
; Chattian, Camoins-les-Bains, France
*†'' P. theobaldi''
; Chattian, Rott Formation
The Rott Formation is a geologic formation in Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous membe ...
, Germany
*†'' P. collossea''
*†'' P. conica''
*†'' P. dubia''
*†'' P. exigua''
*†'' P. gracilenta''
*†'' P. grossa''
*†'' P. hypogaea''
*†'' P. inflata''
*†'' P. luctuosa''
*†'' P. luteola''
*†'' P. lygaeoides''
*†'' P. macrocephala''
*†'' P. morio''
*†'' P. pennata''
*†'' P. pinguis''
*†'' P. proserpina''
*†'' P. rhenana''
*†'' P. sturmi''
*†'' P. stygia''
*†'' P. winnertzi''
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...
; Aquitanian, Mexican amber, Mexico
*†'' P. pristina''
;Burdigalian
The Burdigalian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or stage in the early Miocene. It spans the time between 20.43 ± 0.05 Ma and 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago). Preceded by the Aquitanian, the Burdigalian was the first and longest w ...
, Shanwang Formation The Shanwang National Geology Park () is located in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China, about from Linqu County. It has an area of about . The Park is well known for its fossil bearing diatomitic deposits, one of only a few such ...
. China
*†'' P. aculeolata''
*†'' P. bivalvula''
*†'' P. capitata''
*†'' P. diatoma''
*†'' P. fumosa''
*†'' P. gracilentula''
*†'' P. ludongensis''
*†'' P. platoptera''
*†'' P. rectivenia''
*†'' P. solaris''
*†'' P. spinula''
*†'' P. villosa''
*†'' P. vulcania''
;Burdigalian, Kudia River site, Russia
*†'' P. amagua''
*†'' P. obsitula''
*†'' P. kuznetzovi''
*†'' P. kudiella''
*†'' P. redempta''
*†'' P. refracta''
;Burdigalian - Langhian
The Langhian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS geologic timescale, an age (geology), age or stage (stratigraphy), stage in the middle Miocene epoch (geology), Epoch/series (stratigraphy), Series. It spans the time between 15 ...
, Cypris Formation, Czech Republic
*†'' P. quaesita''
;Langhian, Chojabaru Formation, Japan
*†'' P. kanetakii''
;Serravallian
The Serravallian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or a stage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series, which spans the time between 13.82 Ma and 11.63 Ma (million years ago). The Serravallian follows the Langhian and is followed by the Tortonian ...
, Radoboj Formation, Croatia
*†'' P. bucklandi''
;Serravallian
The Serravallian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or a stage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series, which spans the time between 13.82 Ma and 11.63 Ma (million years ago). The Serravallian follows the Langhian and is followed by the Tortonian ...
, Oehningen beds Member ( Upper Freshwater-Molasse), Germany
*†'' P. hilaris''
*†'' P. jucunda''
*†'' P. macilenta''
; Messinian, Monte Castellaro, Italy
*†'' P. baglii''
*†'' P. castellaroi''
*†'' P. pisaurensis''
Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58Piacenzian, Togo Formation, Japan
*†'' P. intima''
Pleistocene
;Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France *†'' P. brunneipennis'' *†'' P. vergnei'' Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of ''Plecia'' species. *'' Hesperinus heeri'' (formerly ''Plecia heeri'' and syn ''P. elegantula'' )References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q11995850 Bibionidae Nematocera genera Taxa named by Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann