Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux (Paris 1727 — Paris 1793) was a pioneering French neoclassical architect.

Training

Though he did not gain the

Prix de Rome The Prix de Rome () or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them t ...

that was the dependable gateway to a prominent French career in architecture, his fellow-student

Charles de Wailly Charles de Wailly () (9 November 1730 – 2 November 1798) was a French architect and urbanist, and furniture designer, one of the principals in the Neoclassical revival of the Antique. His major work was the Théâtre de l'Odéon for the Comédi ...

invited him to share his prize. In Rome, from September 1754 to December 1756, half the customary three years, they were exposed to the ferment of the new neoclassical style and took part, with

Marie-Joseph Peyre Marie-Joseph Peyre (1730 – 11 August 1785) was a French architect who designed in the Neoclassical style. Biography He began his training in Paris with Jacques-François Blondel at l'École des Arts, where he met Giovanni Niccolo Servan ...

, in the archaeological excavations of the

Baths of Diocletian , alternate_name = it, Terme di Diocleziano , image = Baths of Diocletian-Antmoose1.jpg , caption = Baths of Diocletian, with the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri built in the remains of the baths. , map_dot_ ...

; their speculative reconstructions of the complex attracted the attention of Piranesi.

Career

On his return to Paris, Moreau-Desproux’s first commission was the fully neoclassical Hôtel de Chavannes near the Porte du Temple, at that time on the outskirts of the city; the house was completed by May 1758 and was demolished in 1846 (Eriksen); it earned a critical analysis from the Abbé Laugier, theoretician of neoclassicism, in his ''Observations sur l'architecture'' 1765. A colossal order of Ionic pilasters distinguished its façade, where the two floors were articulated by a plain banding of Greek key fret. Paris rue des haudriettes fontaine

Officially Moreau-Desproux was appointed architect-in-charge (''maître des bâtiments'') to the city of Paris in 1763 and held the appointment until 1783. His great-uncle Jean-Baptiste-Augustin Beausire had formerly held the position. His position enabled him to influence the appointment of

Jean Chalgrin Jean-François-Thérèse Chalgrin (1739 – 21 January 1811) was a French architect, best known for his design for the Arc de Triomphe, Paris. Biography His neoclassic orientation was established from his early studies with the prophet of neocla ...

to a place in the city's office of works. Probably in 1763-64 Moreau-Desproux designed and built the severely neoclassical plinth-like free-standing Fontaine des Haudriettes at the juncture of the rue des Archives and the rue des Vieilles-Haudriettes, Paris IIIe. His official position required that he design and see constructed numerous temporary decorations erected for festive occasions: his designs for the masked ball given for the King and Queen, 23 January 1782, on the occasion of the birth of Monseigneur the Dauphin was engraved by Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune. Among his private commissions was the distinctly

Neo-Palladian Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective ...

pavilion In architecture, ''pavilion'' has several meanings: * It may be a subsidiary building that is either positioned separately or as an attachment to a main building. Often it is associated with pleasure. In palaces and traditional mansions of Asia ...

erected for M. Nicholas Carré de Baudouin on the heights of

Ménilmontant Ménilmontant () is a neighbourhood of Paris, situated in the city's 20th arrondissement. It is roughly defined as the area north of the Père Lachaise Cemetery, south of Parc de Belleville, and between ''Avenue Jean-Aicard'' on the west and ...

(now in the rue de Menilmontant) in 1770. He also designed and built the Hôtel Gontaut in rue Louis-le-Grand, 1772 and was commissioned to remodel the Hôtel de Luynes (c. 1770-75, demolished in 1901 with the piercing of the Boulevard Raspail and the rue de Luynes) Behind Gabriel's facades on Place Louis XV, west of rue Royale, he constructed in 1772 two residences, one for himself, the other for his friend Rouillé de l'Estang. From 1764 to 1770, after a fire, he rebuilt the theatre of the Palais-Royal on a site slightly further to the east, so that the '' cour d'entrée'' (now the "Cour de l'Horloge") of the Palais-Royal could be extended eastward to match the width of the garden court. A corresponding westward extension of the Place du Palais-Royal allowed the principal street entrance of the Palais-Royal for the first time to be centered on the square, as well as the ''

corps de logis In architecture, a ''corps de logis'' () is the principal block of a large, (usually classical), mansion or palace. It contains the principal rooms, state apartments and an entry.Curl, James Stevens (2006). ''Oxford Dictionary of Architecture ...

''. For the auditorium of the theatre he used an oval plan and introduced structural iron. He also designed new façades for the Palais-Royal on the rue Saint-Honoré, work that was paid for by the city of Paris. The novel entrance screen incorporated arcades which recapitulated those of the opera house facade.

Pierre Contant d'Ivry Pierre Contant d'Ivry (11 May 1698 in Ivry-sur-Seine – 1 October 1777 in Paris), was a French architect and designer working in a chaste and sober Rococo style and in the ''goût grec'' phase of early Neoclassicism. Early career An ''Architecte ...

, who worked on the reconstruction of the Palais-Royal at the same time, designed a new facade for the ''

'' on the side facing the garden court, as well as interiors that included a grand staircase at its eastern end.Folliot 1988, pp. 138–140. Moreau-Desproux's theatre was destroyed by a fire on 8 June 1781, but the remainder of his work has survived mostly intact. One of his sisters married the architect

. Moreau-Desproux met his end under the

guillotine A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with stocks at t ...

during the Terror.

Gallery

File:Opéra de Paris, salle du Palais-Royal, incendié le 8 juin 1781.jpg, Facade of the Palais-Royal and Moreau's opera house File:1790 Palais de Louis-Philippe-Joseph d'Orléans 1790 rue Saint-Honoré facade by Moreau - Musée Carnavalet 1988 p158.jpg, File:Seconde Salle du Palais-Royal - elevation - c1770 - CC Mead 1991 p45.jpg, File:Rez-de-chaussée du Palais-Royal en 1780, plan reconstitué par Fontaine 1829 - Espezel 1936 p121 (cropped).jpg, File:Salle de l'Opéra de Moreau - plan au rez-de-chaussée du parterre - Dumont 1774 - Blom 1968 reprint.jpg, File:Salle de l'Opéra de Moreau - plan du théâtre et des premieres loges - Dumont 1774 - Blom 1968 reprint.jpg, File:Salle de l'Opéra de Moreau - transverse section - Dumont 1774 - Blom 1968 reprint.jpg,

Notes

References

* Folliot, Franck (1988). "Louis-Philippe-Joseph d'Orléans, du Palais-Royal à l' hôtel de Montesson", pp. 123–143, in ''Le Palais Royal'', catalog of the exhibition held from 9 May to 4 September 1988. Paris: Musée Carnavalet. . *Svend Eriksen, ''Early Neo-Classicism in France'' (London: Faber & Faber) 1974, Biography p. 207, ''et passim''
"Le Palais Royal des Orléans"
at the website of the Conseil d'État

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Moreau-Desproux, Pierre-Louis 1727 births 1793 deaths Architects from Paris 18th-century French architects French neoclassical architects Members of the Académie royale d'architecture Prix de Rome for architecture