Philosophical Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

schools of thought A school of thought, or intellectual tradition, is the perspective of a group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement. ...

and philosophical movements.

A

Absurdism Absurdism is the philosophical theory that existence in general is absurd. This implies that the world lacks meaning or a higher purpose and is not fully intelligible by reason. The term "absurd" also has a more specific sense in the context ...

- Action, philosophy of - Actual idealism - Actualism -

Advaita Vedanta ''Advaita Vedanta'' (; sa, अद्वैत वेदान्त, ) is a Hindu sādhanā, a path of spiritual discipline and experience, and the oldest extant tradition of the orthodox Hindu school Vedānta. The term ''Advaita'' ...

- Aesthetic Realism -

Aesthetics Aesthetics, or esthetics, is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art (its own area of philosophy that comes out of aesthetics). It examines aesthetic values, often expressed t ...

African philosophy African philosophy is the philosophical discourse produced in Africa or by indigenous Africans. The term Africana philosophy covers the philosophy made by African descendants, including African Americans. African philosophers are found in the vari ...

Afrocentrism Afrocentrism is an approach to the study of world history that focuses on the history of people of recent African descent. It is in some respects a response to Eurocentric attitudes about African people and their historical contributions. It ...

- Agential realism -

Agnosticism Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. (page 56 in 1967 edition) Another definition provided is the view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficien ...

Agnostic theism Agnostic theism, agnostotheism, or agnostitheism is the philosophical view that encompasses both theism and agnosticism. An agnostic theist believes in the existence of one or more gods, but regards the basis of this proposition as ''unknown or in ...

American philosophy American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The '' Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can never ...

Anarchy Anarchy is a society without a government. It may also refer to a society or group of people that entirely rejects a set hierarchy. ''Anarchy'' was first used in English in 1539, meaning "an absence of government". Pierre-Joseph Proudhon adopte ...

Animism Animism (from Latin: ' meaning ' breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. Potentially, animism perceives all things— animals, plants, rocks, rivers, weather syst ...

Antinatalism Antinatalism or anti-natalism is the view that procreation is wrong. Antinatalists argue that humans should abstain from procreation because it is morally wrong. In scholarly and literary writings, various ethical arguments have been put forth ...

Antinomianism Antinomianism (Ancient Greek: ἀντί 'anti''"against" and νόμος 'nomos''"law") is any view which rejects laws or legalism and argues against moral, religious or social norms (Latin: mores), or is at least considered to do so. The term ha ...

Anti-psychiatry Anti-psychiatry is a movement based on the view that psychiatric treatment is often more damaging than helpful to patients, highlighting controversies about psychiatry. Objections include the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis, the questionabl ...

—

Anti-realism In analytic philosophy, anti-realism is a position which encompasses many varieties such as metaphysical, mathematical, semantic, scientific, moral and epistemic. The term was first articulated by British philosopher Michael Dummett in an argument ...

Antireductionism Antireductionism is the position in science and metaphysics that stands in contrast to reductionism (anti-holism) by advocating that not all properties of a system can be explained in terms of its constituent parts and their interactions. General ...

Analytic philosophy Analytic philosophy is a branch and tradition of philosophy using analysis, popular in the Western world and particularly the Anglosphere, which began around the turn of the 20th century in the contemporary era in the United Kingdom, United ...

Anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not neces ...

Ancient philosophy This page lists some links to ancient philosophy, namely philosophical thought extending as far as early post-classical history (). Overview Genuine philosophical thought, depending upon original individual insights, arose in many culture ...

Anthropocentrism Anthropocentrism (; ) is the belief that human beings are the central or most important entity in the universe. The term can be used interchangeably with humanocentrism, and some refer to the concept as human supremacy or human exceptionalism. ...

Anomalous monism Anomalous monism is a philosophical thesis about the mind–body relationship. It was first proposed by Donald Davidson in his 1970 paper "Mental Events". The theory is twofold and states that mental events are identical with physical events, and ...

Applied ethics Applied ethics refers to the practical aspect of moral considerations. It is ethics with respect to real-world actions and their moral considerations in the areas of private and public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadersh ...

- Archaeology, philosophy of -

Aristotelianism Aristotelianism ( ) is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics. It covers the treatment of the so ...

- Arithmetic, philosophy of - Art, philosophy of - Artificial intelligence, philosophy of -

Asceticism Asceticism (; from the el, ἄσκησις, áskesis, exercise', 'training) is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their p ...

Atheism Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no d ...

Authoritarianism Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political ''status quo'', and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voti ...

Averroism Averroism refers to a school of medieval philosophy based on the application of the works of 12th-century Andalusian philosopher Averroes, (known in his time in Arabic as ابن رشد, ibn Rushd, 1126–1198) a commentator on Aristotle, in 1 ...

Avicennism Avicennism is a school of Persian philosophy which was established by Avicenna. He developed his philosophy throughout the course of his life after being deeply moved and concerned by the ''Metaphysics'' of Aristotle and studying it for over a ye ...

Axiology Axiology (from Greek , ''axia'': "value, worth"; and , '' -logia'': "study of") is the philosophical study of value. It includes questions about the nature and classification of values and about what kinds of things have value. It is intimately ...

B

Baptism Baptism (from grc-x-koine, βάπτισμα, váptisma) is a form of ritual purification—a characteristic of many religions throughout time and geography. In Christianity, it is a Christian sacrament of initiation and adoption, almost ...

Behaviorism Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex evoked by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual ...

- Bayesianism -

Bioconservatism Bioconservatism (a portmanteau of the words ''biology'' and ''conservatism''), to Deakin University Lecturer in Health Ethics and Professionalism Tamara Kayali Browne and University of Oxford Senior Research Fellow Steve Clarke, is "a term that is ...

- Biology, philosophy of - Biosophy -

Buddhist philosophy Buddhist philosophy refers to the philosophical investigations and systems of inquiry that developed among various schools of Buddhism in India following the parinirvana of The Buddha and later spread throughout Asia. The Buddhist path combin ...

- Business, philosophy of

C

Cartesianism Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably François Poullain de la Barre, Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza. Descartes is o ...

Categorical imperative The categorical imperative (german: kategorischer Imperativ) is the central philosophical concept in the deontological moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Introduced in Kant's 1785 '' Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals'', it is a way of eva ...

Charvaka Charvaka ( sa, चार्वाक; IAST: ''Cārvāka''), also known as ''Lokāyata'', is an ancient school of Indian materialism. Charvaka holds direct perception, empiricism, and conditional inference as proper sources of knowledge, embra ...

- Chinese naturalism - Christian neoplatonism -

Capitalism Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, private ...

- Chance, Philosophy of -

Chinese philosophy Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period () and Warring States period (), during a period known as the " Hundred Schools of Thought", which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural develop ...

Christian existentialism Christian existentialism is a theo-philosophical movement which takes an existentialist approach to Christian theology. The school of thought is often traced back to the work of the Danish philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855 ...

Christian humanism Christian humanism regards humanist principles like universal human dignity, individual freedom, and the importance of happiness as essential and principal or even exclusive components of the teachings of Jesus. Proponents of the term trace the c ...

Christian philosophy Christian philosophy includes all philosophy carried out by Christians, or in relation to the religion of Christianity. Christian philosophy emerged with the aim of reconciling science and faith, starting from natural rational explanations w ...

- Cognitivism - Color, philosophy of - Common Sense, philosophy of -

Communitarianism Communitarianism is a philosophy that emphasizes the connection between the individual and the community. Its overriding philosophy is based upon the belief that a person's social identity and personality are largely molded by community relati ...

Communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, ...

Compatibilism and incompatibilism Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism are mutually compatible and that it is possible to believe in both without being logically inconsistent. Compatibilists believe that freedom can be present or absent in situations for re ...

Confirmation holism In philosophy of science, confirmation holism, also called epistemological holism, is the view that no individual statement can be confirmed or disconfirmed by an empirical test, but rather that only a set of statements (a whole theory) can be so. ...

Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a Religious Confucianism, religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, ...

Consequentialism In ethical philosophy, consequentialism is a class of normative, teleological ethical theories that holds that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for judgment about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct. Thus, fro ...

Conceptualism In metaphysics, conceptualism is a theory that explains universality of particulars as conceptualized frameworks situated within the thinking mind. Intermediate between nominalism and realism, the conceptualist view approaches the metaphysical co ...

Conservatism Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilizati ...

Constructivist epistemology Constructivism is a view in the philosophy of science that maintains that scientific knowledge is constructed by the scientific community, which seeks to measure and construct models of the natural world. According to the constructivist, natur ...

Continental philosophy Continental philosophy is a term used to describe some philosophers and philosophical traditions that do not fall under the umbrella of analytic philosophy. However, there is no academic consensus on the definition of continental philosophy. Pri ...

Cosmopolitanism Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all human beings are members of a single community. Its adherents are known as cosmopolitan or cosmopolite. Cosmopolitanism is both prescriptive and aspirational, believing humans can and should be " world citizen ...

Critical rationalism Critical rationalism is an epistemological philosophy advanced by Karl Popper on the basis that, if a statement cannot be logically deduced (from what is known), it might nevertheless be possible to logically falsify it. Following Hume, Popper ...

- Critical realism -

Critical theory A critical theory is any approach to social philosophy that focuses on society and culture to reveal, critique and challenge power structures. With roots in sociology and literary criticism, it argues that social problems stem more from s ...

- Culture, philosophy of - Cyberfeminism- Cynicism - Czech philosophy

D

Danish philosophy -

Deconstruction The term deconstruction refers to approaches to understanding the relationship between text and meaning. It was introduced by the philosopher Jacques Derrida, who defined it as a turn away from Platonism's ideas of "true" forms and essen ...

Deism Deism ( or ; derived from the Latin ''deus'', meaning " god") is the philosophical position and rationalistic theology that generally rejects revelation as a source of divine knowledge, and asserts that empirical reason and observation o ...

Denialism In the psychology of human behavior, denialism is a person's choice to denial, deny reality as a way to avoid a psychologically uncomfortable truth. Denialism is an essentially irrational action that withholds the validation of a historical expe ...

Deontology In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek: + ) is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules and principles, r ...

- Depressionism - Design, philosophy of -

Determinism Determinism is a philosophical view, where all events are determined completely by previously existing causes. Deterministic theories throughout the history of philosophy have developed from diverse and sometimes overlapping motives and cons ...

Dialectic Dialectic ( grc-gre, διαλεκτική, ''dialektikḗ''; related to dialogue; german: Dialektik), also known as the dialectical method, is a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing ...

Dialectical materialism Dialectical materialism is a philosophy of science, history, and nature developed in Europe and based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxist dialectics, as a materialist philosophy, emphasizes the importance of real-world co ...

- Dialogue, philosophy of -

Didacticism Didacticism is a philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in literature, art, and design. In art, design, architecture, and landscape, didacticism is an emerging conceptual approach that is driven by the urgent need t ...

Digital physics Digital physics is a speculative idea that the universe can be conceived of as a vast, digital computation device, or as the output of a deterministic or probabilistic computer program. The hypothesis that the universe is a digital computer was p ...

Discordianism Discordianism is a religion, philosophy, or paradigm centered on Eris, a.k.a. Discordia, the Goddess of chaos. Discordianism uses archetypes or ideals associated with her. It was founded after the 1963 publication of its "holy book," the '' Pr ...

Dualistic cosmology Dualism in cosmology or dualistic cosmology is the moral or spiritual belief that two fundamental concepts exist, which often oppose each other. It is an umbrella term that covers a diversity of views from various religions, including both traditi ...

Dvaita Dvaita Vedanta (); (originally known as Tattvavada; IAST:Tattvavāda), is a sub-school in the Vedanta tradition of Hindu philosophy. The term Tattvavada literally means "arguments from a realist viewpoint". The Tattvavada (Dvaita) Vedanta ...

E

Eating, philosophy of -

Ecocentrism Ecocentrism (; from Greek: οἶκος ''oikos'', "house" and κέντρον ''kentron'', "center") is a term used by environmental philosophers and ecologists to denote a nature-centered, as opposed to human-centered (i.e. anthropocentric), syste ...

- Economics, philosophy of -

Ecumenism Ecumenism (), also spelled oecumenism, is the concept and principle that Christians who belong to different Christian denominations should work together to develop closer relationships among their churches and promote Christian unity. The adjec ...

- Education, philosophy of -

Egalitarianism Egalitarianism (), or equalitarianism, is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds from the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people. Egalitarian doctrines are generally characterized by the idea that all h ...

Egocentrism Egocentrism is the inability to differentiate between self and other. More specifically, it is the inability to accurately assume or understand any perspective other than one's own. Egocentrism is found across the life span: in infancy, early chi ...

Egoism Egoism is a philosophy concerned with the role of the self, or , as the motivation and goal of one's own action. Different theories of egoism encompass a range of disparate ideas and can generally be categorized into descriptive or normativ ...

Eliminative materialism Eliminative materialism (also called eliminativism) is a materialist position in the philosophy of mind. It is the idea that majority of the mental states in folk psychology do not exist. Some supporters of eliminativism argue that no coherent ...

Emotivism Emotivism is a meta-ethics, meta-ethical view that claims that ethical Sentence (linguistics), sentences do not express propositions but emotional attitudes. Hence, it is colloquially known as the hurrah/boo theory. Influenced by the growth of anal ...

Empiricism In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological theory that holds that knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience. It is one of several views within epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism. Empir ...

- Engineering, philosophy of -

Ephesian school Heraclitus of Ephesus (; grc-gre, Ἡράκλειτος , "Glory of Hera"; ) was an ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from the city of Ephesus, which was then part of the Persian Empire. Little is known of Heraclitus's life. He wrote a ...

- Epiphenomenalism -

Epicureanism Epicureanism is a system of philosophy founded around 307 BC based upon the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus. Epicureanism was originally a challenge to Platonism. Later its main opponent became Stoicism. Few writings by ...

Epistemological nihilism Philosophical skepticism ( UK spelling: scepticism; from Greek σκέψις ''skepsis'', "inquiry") is a family of philosophical views that question the possibility of knowledge. It differs from other forms of skepticism in that it even reject ...

Epistemology Epistemology (; ), or the theory of knowledge, is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemology is considered a major subfield of philosophy, along with other major subfields such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Epi ...

Esotericism Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...

Essentialism Essentialism is the view that objects have a set of attributes that are necessary to their identity. In early Western thought, Plato's idealism held that all things have such an "essence"—an "idea" or "form". In ''Categories'', Aristotle sim ...

Ethics Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concer ...

- Eternalism -

Eudaimonism Eudaimonia ( Greek: εὐδαιμονία ; sometimes anglicized as eudaemonia or eudemonia, ) is a Greek word literally translating to the state or condition of 'good spirit', and which is commonly translated as ' happiness' or ' welfare'. In ...

Existentialism Existentialism ( ) is a form of philosophical inquiry that explores the problem of human existence and centers on human thinking, feeling, and acting. Existentialist thinkers frequently explore issues related to the meaning, purpose, and val ...

Externalism Externalism is a group of positions in the philosophy of mind which argues that the conscious mind is not only the result of what is going on inside the nervous system (or the brain), but also what ''occurs'' or ''exists'' outside the subject. It i ...

F

Fallibilism Originally, fallibilism (from Medieval Latin: ''fallibilis'', "liable to err") is the philosophical principle that propositions can be accepted even though they cannot be conclusively proven or justified,Haack, Susan (1979)"Fallibilism and Nece ...

Fascism Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and t ...

- Fatalism - Feminist philosophy - Filial piety - Philosophy of film, Film, philosophy of - Foundationalism - Free will - Fundamentalism - Philosophy of futility, Futility, philosophy of -

G

Philosophy of geography, Geography, philosophy of - German idealism - German philosophy - Gnosticism - Greek philosophy -

H

Philosophy of healthcare, Healthcare, philosophy of - Hedonism - Hegelianism - Hermeticism - Henotheism - Heterophenomenology - Hindu philosophy - Historical materialism - Historicism - Philosophy of history, History, philosophy of - Holism - Hongaku - Humanism - Humanistic naturalism - Hylozoism -

I

Idealism - Identityism - Ideological criticism - Ignosticism - Illegalism - Illuminationism - Individualism - Indian logic - Indian philosophy - Indonesian philosophy - Induction (philosophy), Induction / Inductionism - Informal logic - Philosophy of information, Information, philosophy of - Innatism - Instrumental rationality - Instrumentalism - Interactionism (philosophy of mind) - Internalism and externalism - Intuitionism - Iranian philosophy - Irrealism (philosophy), Irrealism - Islamic ethics - Islamic philosophy

J

Japanese philosophy - Jainism - Jewish philosophy - Jingoism - Juche - Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400) - Just war theory

K

Kantianism - Kabbalah- Korean philosophy

L

Philosophy of language, Language, philosophy of - Philosophy of Law, Law, philosophy of - Legalism (Chinese philosophy), Legalism - Leninism - Liberalism - Libertarianism (metaphysics) - Libertarianism - Logic / Informal logic - Logical atomism - Logical positivism - School of Names, Logicians - Logicism - Logic in China - Logic in Islamic philosophy - Philosophy of logic, Logic, philosophy of - Philosophy of love, Love, philosophy of - Luddite, Luddism

M

Manichaeism - Maoism - Marxism - Marxist philosophy of nature - Materialism - Mathematicism - Maxim (philosophy) - Mahayana Buddhism- Philosophy of mathematics, Mathematics, philosophy of - Philosophy of mathematics education, Mathematics education, philosophy of - Medical ethics - Medieval philosophy - Medievalism - Mentalism (philosophy), Mentalism - Mereological nihilism - Merism - Meta-philosophy - Metaphysics - Meta-ethics - Milesian school - Mimamsa - Philosophy of mind, Mind, philosophy of - Mind-body dualism - Misology - Modernism - Modern Islamic philosophy - Mohism - Monism - Moral absolutism - Moral realism - Moral relativism - Moral skepticism - Philosophy of motion, Motion, philosophy of - Philosophy of music, Music, philosophy of - Mysticism -

N

Naïve realism - Philosophy of nature, Nature, philosophy of - Philosophy of Natural Science, Natural Science, philosophy of - Philosophical naturalism, Naturalism - Nazism - Negative utilitarianism - Neo-Confucianism - Neoconservatism- Neo-Hegelianism - Neoliberalism - Neo-Kantianism - Neo-Luddism- Neoplatonism - Neopythagoreanism - Neo-Scholasticism - Neotaoism - Neuroethics - Neurophilosophy - Philosophy of neuroscience, Neuroscience, philosophy of - Neurotheology - Neutral monism - New Age - New realism (philosophy), New realism - New Thought - Nihilism - Nominalism - Nondualism - Non-cognitivism Non-philosophy - Non-theism - Nyaya

O

Objective idealism - Objectivism - Occasionalism - Ontology - Ontotheology - Open individualism - Organicism

P

Paganism - Pakistani philosophy - Pancritical rationalism - Pandeism - Panpsychism - Pantheism - 'Pataphysics, Pataphysics - Philosophy of perception, Perception, philosophy of - Perennial philosophy - Perfectionism (philosophy), Perfectionism - Peripatetic school - Personalism - Perspectivism - Pessimism - Phenomenalism - Phenomenology (philosophy), Phenomenology - Philosophical anthropology - LaVeyan Satanism, Philosophical Satanism - Philosophy of philosophy, Philosophy, philosophy of - Physicalism - Physical ontology - Philosophy of physics, Physics, philosophy of - Platonic realism - Platonism - Pluralism (political philosophy), Pluralism - Political philosophy - Populism - Posadism- Positivism - Postanalytic philosophy - Posthumanism - Postpositivism - Post-materialism - Postmodern philosophy, Post-modernism - Post-structuralism - Practical reason - Pragmatism - Praxis School - Probabilism - Presentism (philosophy of time), Presentism - Process philosophy - Progressivism - Property dualism - Pseudophilosophy - Psychological egoism - Philosophy of psychiatry, Psychiatry, philosophy of - Philosophy of psychology, Psychology, philosophy of - Pure practical reason - Pure reason - Pyrrhonian skepticism - Pyrrhonism - Pythagoreanism

Q

Quantum mysticism - Quietism (philosophy), Quietism

R

Raëlism - Rastafari - Rationalism - Philosophical realism, Realism - Reconstructivism - Reductionism - Reductive materialism - Reformational philosophy - Relationalism - Relativism - Relevance logic - Philosophy of religion - Philosophy of religious language - Religious humanism - Religious philosophy - Reliabilism - Renaissance humanism - Romanian philosophy - Romanticism - Russian cosmism - Russian philosophy

S

Sabellianism - Satanism - Sankhya - Scotism - Scholasticism - Philosophy of science, Science, philosophy of - Scientism - Secularism - Secular humanism - Philosophy of self, Self, philosophy of - Semantic holism - Sensualism - Philosophy of sex, Sex, philosophy of - Sexualism - Sexism - Shamanism - Sikhism - Singularitarianism - Philosophical skepticism, Skepticism - Skeptical theism - Philosophy of social science, Social science, philosophy of - Socialism - Social philosophy - Solipsism - Sophism - Philosophy of space and time, Space and time, philosophy of - Spiritual philosophy - Spiritualism - Philosophy of sport, Sport, philosophy of - Philosophy of statistics, Statistics, philosophy of - Stoicism - Structuralism - Subjective idealism - Subject (philosophy), Subjectivism - Sufi metaphysics - Śūnyatā - Supersessionism - Synoptic philosophy - Systems philosophy

T

Taoism - Teleology - Tetralemma - Theistic finitism - Theism - Thelema - Theology - Theosophy - Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, Thermal and statistical physics, philosophy of - Thomism - Theravada Buddhism - Traditionalist School - Transcendent theosophy - Transcendental idealism - Transcendentalism - Transcendental perspectivism - Transhumanism - Transmodernism - Type physicalism

U

Ubuntu philosophy, Ubuntu - Universalism - Utilitarian bioethics - Utilitarianism

V

Value pluralism - Value theory - Vedanta - Verificationism - Verism - Vienna Circle - Virtue ethics - Vitalism - Voluntaryism

W

Sufi metaphysics, Wahdat-ul-Wujood - Sufi metaphysics, Wahdat-ul-Shuhud - Philosophy of war, War, philosophy of - Western philosophy - Wu wei

X

Xenofeminism

Z

Zemlyak - Zen - Zoroastrianism - Zurvanism

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B

C

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E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

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See also