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''Philornis'' is a 
Two species are also found in the southern United States. One species, '' P. downsi'', has been accidentally introduced to the Galapagos Archipelago, posing a major threat to some of its endemic birds.
They parasitize a wide range of bird species including
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of around 50 species of fly ( Diptera, Muscidae
Muscidae are a family of flies found in the superfamily Muscoidea.
Muscidae, some of which are commonly known as house flies or stable flies due to their synanthropy, are worldwide in distribution and contain almost 4,000 described species i ...
) from Central and South America. Their larvae are subcutaneous parasites of nestling birds. They are sometimes referred to as "bot flies" (e.g. ), though they are not related to true bot flies (family Oestridae).
Two species are also found in the southern United States. One species, '' P. downsi'', has been accidentally introduced to the Galapagos Archipelago, posing a major threat to some of its endemic birds.
They parasitize a wide range of bird species including psittacines
Psittacinae is a subfamily of Afrotropical or Old World parrots, native to sub-Saharan Africa, which include twelve species and two extant genera. Among the species is the iconic grey parrot.
The '' Poicephalus'' are usually green birds with d ...
. A study in the Peruvian Amazon
Peruvian Amazonia ( es, Amazonía del Perú) is the area of the Amazon rainforest included within the country of Peru, from east of the Andes to the borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil and Bolivia. This region comprises 60% of the country ...
compared parasite prevalence among different nests of scarlet macaw
The scarlet macaw (''Ara macao'') is a large red, yellow, and blue Central and South American parrot, a member of a large group of Neotropical parrots called macaws. It is native to humid evergreen forests of the Neotropics. Its range extends from ...
s at the Tambopata research site, to see whether any of the nest types resulted in higher infestation. Parasite prevalence was significantly lower in natural nest hollows than in artificial nest boxes. The most extreme intensity was 63 larvae per chick, which is higher than those found for other Neotropical parrots. The study also described a new and efficient technique to remove larvae using a reverse syringe design snake bite extractor.
Species
*'' Philornis aitkeni'' Dodge, 1963 *'' Philornis albuquerquei'' Couri, 1983 *'' Philornis amazonensis'' Couri, 1983 *'' Philornis angustifrons'' ( Loew, 1861) *'' Philornis bella'' Couri, 1984 *'' Philornis blanchardi'' García, 1952 *'' Philornis carinata'' Dodge, 1968 *'' Philornis cinnamomina'' (Stein
Stein is a German, Yiddish and Norwegian word meaning "stone" and "pip" or "kernel". It stems from the same Germanic root as the English word stone. It may refer to:
Places In Austria
* Stein, a neighbourhood of Krems an der Donau, Lower Aust ...
, 1918)
*'' Philornis deceptiva'' (Dodge & Aitken, 1968)
*'' Philornis diminuta'' Couri, 1984
*'' Philornis downsi'' (Dodge & Aitken, 1968)
*'' Philornis falsifica'' (Dodge & Aitken, 1968)
*'' Philornis fasciventris'' ( Wulp, 1896)
*'' Philornis frontalis'' Couri, 1984
*'' Philornis fumicosta'' Dodge, 1968
*'' Philornis gagnei'' Couri, 1983
*'' Philornis glaucinis'' Dodge & Aitken, 1968
*'' Philornis grandis'' Couri, 1984
*'' Philornis insularis'' Couri, 1983
*'' Philornis isla'' Couri, 2000
*'' Philornis lopesi'' Couri, 1983
*'' Philornis masoni'' Couri, 1986
*'' Philornis mediana'' Couri, 1984
*'' Philornis mima'' (Townsend Townsend (pronounced tounʹ-zənd) or Townshend may refer to:
Places United States
*Camp Townsend, National Guard training base in Peekskill, New York
*Townsend, Delaware
*Townsend, Georgia
*Townsend, Massachusetts, a New England town
** Townsend ...
, 1927)
*'' Philornis mimicola'' Dodge, 1968
*'' Philornis molesta'' Meinert, 1890)
*'' Philornis nielseni'' Dodge, 1968
*'' Philornis niger'' Dodge & Aitken, 1968
*'' Philornis obscura'' ( Wulp, 1896)
*'' Philornis obscurinervis'' Couri, 1984
*'' Philornis petersoni'' Couri, 1984
*'' Philornis porteri'' Dodge, 1955
*'' Philornis querula'' Dodge & Aitken, 1968
*'' Philornis rettenmeyeri'' Dodge, 1963
*'' Philornis ruforscutellaris'' Couri, 1983
*'' Philornis sabroskyi'' Albuquerque, 1957
*'' Philornis sanguinis'' Dodge & Aitken, 1968
*'' Philornis schildi'' Dodge, 1963
*'' Philornis seguyi'' García, 1952
*'' Philornis setinervis'' Dodge, 1963
*'' Philornis sperophila'' (Townsend Townsend (pronounced tounʹ-zənd) or Townshend may refer to:
Places United States
*Camp Townsend, National Guard training base in Peekskill, New York
*Townsend, Delaware
*Townsend, Georgia
*Townsend, Massachusetts, a New England town
** Townsend ...
, 1895)
*'' Philornis torquans'' (Nielsen, 1913)
*'' Philornis trinitensis'' Dodge & Aitken, 1968
*'' Philornis umanani'' García, 1952
*'' Philornis univittata'' Dodge, 1968
*'' Philornis vespidicola'' Dodge, 1968
*'' Philornis vulgaris'' Couri, 1984
*'' Philornis zeteki'' Dodge, 1963
References
Parasites of birds Parasitic flies Ectoparasites Muscidae Brachycera genera Taxa named by Frederik Vilhelm August Meinert {{Muscidae-stub