Pfetterhouse (; gsw, Pfatterhüse; german: Pfetterhausen) is a Communes of France, commune in the Haut-Rhin Departments of France, department in Alsace in north-eastern France.

Geography

Pfetterhouse is located in Jura Mountains, Jura Alsatian foothills, just in the border of Switzerland and the Territoire de Belfort.

Origins of its name

The first mention of this village is dated from 732 AD and comes from Latin: ''Petrosa'' "the rocky one". An explanation of this origin could be the fact that stone from Pfetterhouse's quarry was used to build a Roman station not far from ''Petrosa'' or the presence of a Roman paved road. It explains the use of the French variant form ''Pérouse''. The Alemannic form is already mentioned as ''Phetterhusen'' in a 1296 document. The spelling ''ph'' in Old High German notes ''pf'' in Modern German. From the 17th century to 1919, the German language, German ''Pfetterhausen'' (''-hausen'' is an often-used suffix for German village names) was used instead, then in 1919 ''Pérouse'' (which more sounds French, because Alsace was taken back by France) and, in the end, ''Pfetterhouse'', ''-house'' is a widespread spelling in Alsace (see Mulhouse) for the Alemannic ''-hüse'' and the German ''-hausen''.

History

The (Three Powers Boundary Stone) is situated in Pfetterhouse area. Until 1919, this stone was the point where the borders of France, Germany and Switzerland met. This boundary marker gave to the village an international renown: many people from France, Germany or Switzerland came to have their photograph taken with it, which they could send to relatives as a postal card.

19th–20th centuries

After the annexation of Alsace by the German Empire in 1871, Pfetterhouse became known as Pfetterhausen. Germany imposed a high customs duty on wristwatches, so many Swiss watch- and clockmakers moved to Pfetterhausen to ply their trade and avoid the charges. From 1890 onwards, the town flourished and became prosperous, and almost everyone worked in some way for the watch-making industry, producing 300,000 watches a year. A large and imposing railway station was opened in 1910. On the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the area saw some of the earliest fighting, and many of the Swiss fled across the border into Switzerland. The opposing French and German forces settled into trenches on opposite sides of the River Largin (french: Largue) some to the east of the village. French troops occupied the village, and in February 1916 a week-long German bombardment caused considerable damage and led to a complete evacuation of civilians. Pfetterhouse remained an exclusively military base until the spring of 1919. After the war, Alsace was returned to France. The local economy did not regain its pre-war status. By the 1960s, the passenger train service was withdrawn, and the line was closed completely by 1970.

Demography

References

External links

* {{Authority control Communes of Haut-Rhin