, border = Central , image = , caption = Logo of the Government of Peru , date = 1990 , state =

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...

, address = Government Palace , leader_title =

President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...

While there is the office of prime minister, officially called "President of the Council of Ministers" (''Presidente del Consejo de Ministros del Perú''), the President of Peru is the actual head of government , appointed =

, main_organ = Council of Ministers , ministries = 18 , responsible =

and Congress of the Republic , url = http://www.pcm.gob.pe/ The Republic of

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...

is a

unitary state A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority. The central government may create (or abolish) administrative divisions (sub-national units). Such units exercise only ...

with a

multi-party In political science, a multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coa ...

semi-presidential system. The current government was established by the 1993

Constitution of Peru The Constitution of Peru is the supreme law of Peru. The current constitution, enacted on 31 December 1993, is Peru's fifth in the 20th century and replaced the 1979 Constitution. The Constitution was drafted by the Democratic Constituent Congres ...

. The government is composed of three branches, being executive, judicial, and legislative branches.

Executive branch

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

Dina Boluarte Dina Ercilia Boluarte Zegarra ( (); born 31 May 1962) is a Peruvian politician, civil servant, and lawyer currently serving as the President of Peru since 7 December 2022. She had served as the first vice president and minister at the Minist ...

Independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s * Independ ...

, 7 December 2022 , - , First Vice President , ''Vacant'' , N/A , 7 December 2022 , - , Second Vice President , ''Vacant'' , N/A , 7 May 2020 , - ,

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

, Alberto Otárola ,

, 21 December 2022 The President of Peru is the head of state and the head of government, who is elected to a term of five years; incumbents cannot be re-elected for a second consecutive term. Family members may also not immediately succeed in another family member's presidency. The executive branch, in addition to the legislative branch, may propose legislation. After legislation has been passed by the congress, the President may promulgate the legislation, giving it the force of law. In addition to the president, the executive branch contains the Council of Ministers, which, in addition to the

prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

, are appointed by the president.

Requirements to be Minister of State

According to Article 125 of the Political Constitution of Peru (1993), in order to be Minister, it is required: *Being born in Peru. *Be a current citizen. *Be 25 years old or older. *Members of the Armed Forces and National Police can be Ministers. Article 92 states that members of Congress can be Ministers of State.

Functions

#Run the process of strategic planning, embedded in the National System of Strategic Planning and determining the sector's functional national goals applicable to every level of government; approve action plans; assign necessary resources to their execution, within the boundaries of the corresponding public budget. #Approve the budget proposal to the entities within their sector, abiding by article 32 and supervising their execution. #Establish the management measurements of the entities within their sector and evaluate their fulfillment. #Propose the inner organization of their Ministry and approve it according to their competencies attributed by Law. #Designate and remove the advising positions or any directly appointed, the heads of public entities and other entities of the sector, when this appointment is not explicitly attributed to the Council of Ministries, other authorities or the President; and submit to the President the new appointees for approval on the contrary. #Maintain relations with the regional and local government within the competencies attributed to the sector. #Countersign the presidential mandates that concern to their Ministry #Issue Supreme Resolution and Ministerial Resolutions. #Put into effect the transfer of competencies, functions, and sectorial resources to Regional and Local Government and account for their execution. #Execute all other functions that are put upon the Ministry by the Political Constitution of Peru, the Law, and the President.mlg The Ministers of State can delegate, within their Ministry, the faculties and powers that are not exclusive to their function, to the extent that it is allowed by Law. Functions 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8 are exclusive to the Minister.

Ministries of Peru

Judicial branch

The judicial branch is represented by the

Supreme Court Of Justice A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...

, a 16-member body divided into three supreme sectors: *''Civil Sector'': Presides over all topics related to

civil rights Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life o ...

and commercial law. *''Criminal Sector'': Presides over all topics relating to criminal law. *''Constitutional and Social Sector'': Presides over all topics relating to

constitutional rights A constitutional right can be a prerogative or a duty, a power or a restraint of power, recognized and established by a sovereign state or union of states. Constitutional rights may be expressly stipulated in a national constitution, or they may ...

and

labor law Labour laws (also known as labor laws or employment laws) are those that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, ...

Legislative branch

The

legislative branch A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government. Laws enacted by legislatures are usually known ...

of Peru is vested in the Congress of the Republic of Peru, which is a 130-member unicameral house. The legislators are elected for five-year terms on a proportional representation basis. The legislation is voted on in Congress, then sent to the president, who may approve it.

Suffrage

Universal suffrage is granted to all over the age of 18. Voting is compulsory until the age of 70. Some argue whether compulsive voting is for the best of the country and the citizens. Enforced strictly, with exceptions.

Notes and references

{{South America topic, Government of, title=Governments of South America