Pauline Alice Maier (née Rubbelke; April 27, 1938 – August 12, 2013) was a revisionist historian of the

American Revolution The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revoluti ...

, whose work also addressed the late colonial period and the

history of the United States The history of the lands that became the United States began with the arrival of the first people in the Americas around 15,000 BC. Numerous indigenous cultures formed, and many saw transformations in the 16th century away from more densely ...

after the end of the Revolutionary War. She was the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of American History at the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of th ...

(MIT). Maier achieved prominence over a fifty-year career of critically acclaimed scholarly histories and journal articles. She was a Fellow of the

American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, a ...

and taught undergraduates. She authored textbooks and online courses. Her popular career included series with PBS and the

History Channel History (formerly The History Channel from January 1, 1995 to February 15, 2008, stylized as HISTORY) is an American pay television network and flagship channel owned by A&E Networks, a joint venture between Hearst Communications and the Disney ...

. She appeared on ''Charlie Rose'', C-SPAN2's ''

In Depth ''In Depth'' is a program that airs monthly on C-SPAN 2 as part of their Book TV programming, and features a different writer each month. Each interview covers the breadth of that author's writing career, and incorporates viewer calls and e-mails ...

'' and wrote 20 years for ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

'' review pages. Maier was the 2011 President of the

Society of American Historians The Society of American Historians, founded in 1939, encourages and honors literary distinction in the writing of history and biography about American topics. The approximately 300 members include professional historians, independent scholars, jou ...

. She won the 2011

George Washington Book Prize The George Washington Book Prize was instituted in 2005 and is awarded annually to the best book on the founding era of the United States; especially ones that have the potential to advance broad public understanding of American history. It is admi ...

for her book ''Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788''. She died in 2013 from

lung cancer Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma (since about 98–99% of all lung cancers are carcinomas), is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. Lung carcinomas derive from transformed, mali ...

at the age of 75.

Life and career

Early life, education, and family

Born in

St. Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul (abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County. Situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the Mississippi River, Saint Paul is a regional business hub and the center o ...

in 1938 as Pauline Rubbelke, she attended parochial schools. Her father was a firefighter and her mother was a homemaker with five children. On entering

Radcliffe College Radcliffe College was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and functioned as the female coordinate institution for the all-male Harvard College. Considered founded in 1879, it was one of the Seven Sisters colleges and h ...

as an undergraduate, her original ambition was to be in the newspaper business. She was a writer on ''

The Harvard Crimson ''The Harvard Crimson'' is the student newspaper of Harvard University and was founded in 1873. Run entirely by Harvard College undergraduates, it served for many years as the only daily newspaper in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Beginning in the f ...

'' and worked summers at the Quincy, Massachusetts '' Patriot Ledger''. She graduated from Radcliffe in 1960 with a bachelor's degree in history and literature. It was on the ''Crimson'' that she met her future husband,

Charles S. Maier Charles S. Maier (born February 23, 1939, in New York City) is the Leverett Saltonstall Research Professor of History at Harvard University. He teaches European and international history at Harvard. Biography Maier served as the director of the ...

. After graduation, they both attended schools at

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

on fellowships, she as a

Fulbright Scholar The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is one of several United States Cultural Exchange Programs with the goal of improving intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between the people o ...

at the

London School of Economics and Political Science The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public university, public research university located in London, England and a constituent college of the federal University of London. Founded in 1895 by Fabian Society members Sidn ...

. On completing their studies, they married and toured Europe together.Yeung, Anna M., Op. Cit. The couple returned to

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of highe ...

to pursue doctoral degrees, Charles in European history, and Pauline in 20th century

urban studies Urban studies is based on the study of the urban development of cities. This includes studying the history of city development from an architectural point of view, to the impact of urban design on community development efforts. The core theoretica ...

in line with her interest in contemporary politics. But after taking

Bernard Bailyn Bernard Bailyn (September 10, 1922 – August 7, 2020) was an American historian, author, and academic specializing in U.S. Colonial and Revolutionary-era History. He was a professor at Harvard University from 1953. Bailyn won the Pulitzer Pr ...

's "Colonial and Revolutionary America" seminar, she said, "Once you get into the 18th century, you never get out."Denison, Dave. Op. Cit. Pauline and Charles earned their PhD degrees at Harvard, and Charles began a career there. They raised two daughters and a son in

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, ...

. Maier pursued gardening and cooking at the family weekend home.

Career

] Maier taught at

University of Massachusetts Boston The University of Massachusetts Boston (stylized as UMass Boston) is a public research university in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the only public research university in Boston and the third-largest campus in the five-campus University of Massa ...

for nine years, and one year at the

University of Wisconsin A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United Stat ...

before taking her position at

in 1978 as William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of American History. Her career included various appointments in five prestigious universities, and numerous fellowships and awards. Her lecture classes through 2011 included three courses of Early American history, and she co-taught "Riots, Strikes and Conspiracies in American History" with urban historian Robert M. Fogelson. Maier chaired a university-wide committee at MIT in 1985 to re-organize its

humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at t ...

schools and broaden and structure its programs. Its adopted recommendations expanded

women's studies Women's studies is an academic field that draws on feminist and interdisciplinary methods to place women's lives and experiences at the center of study, while examining social and cultural constructs of gender; systems of privilege and oppress ...

, awarded specific area degrees, and initiated a doctoral program collaborating history and anthropology under Dean

Ann Fetter Friedlaender Ann Fetter Friedlaender (1938–1992) was a noted American economist. Friedlaender held appointments in two MIT departments as Professor of Civil Engineering and Economics for the class of 1941. Dr Friedlaender was seen as an authority in the field ...

. MIT's faculty voted Maier the Killian Award in 1998, given annually to one senior faculty member for outstanding achievement. The recipient presents on their professional activities over their Lecturer year. In 1976, she became a member of the

American Antiquarian Society The American Antiquarian Society (AAS), located in Worcester, Massachusetts, is both a learned society and a national research library of pre-twentieth-century American history and culture. Founded in 1812, it is the oldest historical society i ...

. An offprint of its proceedings featured her "Boston and New York in the 18th Century" (1982). In the 1990s, Maier was a charter member of "The Historical Society" group among American Historical Association membership who were concerned about restrictive 'political correctness' and collegial civility. Maier was elected as an

br>“History Fellow”
in 1998. In 2010, Maier became one of two women honorary members of the

Colonial Society of Massachusetts Colonial or The Colonial may refer to: * Colonial, of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colony (biology) Architecture * American colonial architecture * French Colonial * Spanish Colonial architecture Automobiles * Colonial (1920 a ...

since 1947. Maier was the 2011 President of the

(SAH), an affiliate of the

American Historical Association The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world. Founded in 1884, the AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional s ...

. It is dedicated to literary distinction in history and biography. The society's past presidents include

Allan Nevins Joseph Allan Nevins (May 20, 1890 – March 5, 1971) was an American historian and journalist, known for his extensive work on the history of the Civil War and his biographies of such figures as Grover Cleveland, Hamilton Fish, Henry Ford, and J ...

Eric Foner Eric Foner (; born February 7, 1943) is an American historian. He writes extensively on American political history, the history of freedom, the early history of the Republican Party, African-American biography, the American Civil War, Reconstruc ...

James M. McPherson James Munro McPherson (born October 11, 1936) is an American Civil War historian, and is the George Henry Davis '86 Professor Emeritus of United States History at Princeton University. He received the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for '' Battle Cry ...

, and

David McCullough David Gaub McCullough (; July 7, 1933 – August 7, 2022) was an American popular historian. He was a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. In 2006, he was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States ...

. In 2012,

President Obama Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the ...

appointed Maier to the James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation Board of Trustees. The foundation was created by

Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...

in 1986 as part of the

bicentennial __NOTOC__ A bicentennial or bicentenary is the two-hundredth anniversary of a part, or the celebrations thereof. It may refer to: Europe * French Revolution bicentennial, commemorating the 200th anniversary of 14 July 1789 uprising, celebrated ...

celebration of the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these pr ...

and offers $24,000 graduate-level fellowships to secondary teachers to undertake a master's degree which emphasizes the study of the Constitutio
jamesmadison.gov

Writing

Maier's writing is characterized as serious and unadorned, with a crossover appeal from scholars to intelligent readers who enjoy a well-told story of well-researched scholarly history. In ''Ratification'', Maier attributed her storytelling ability to

Barbara Tuchman Barbara Wertheim Tuchman (; January 30, 1912 – February 6, 1989) was an American historian and author. She won the Pulitzer Prize twice, for ''The Guns of August'' (1962), a best-selling history of the prelude to and the first month of Worl ...

's insight that the writer can build suspense by never acknowledging a development until the characters in the narrative could know it. Professionally, her research-writing technique was self-described as looking for something comparative to come up with new questions. For example, in ''American Scripture'', she found over 90 local declarations and then compared them to that of the

Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a late-18th-century meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that united in support of the American Revolutionary War. The Congress was creating a new country it first named "United Colonies" and in 1 ...

. Popular support for the

Declaration of Independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of th ...

was built on how much was known and how widely the newspapers circulated. Massachusetts did not control Virginia, there was a confluence of ideas, assumptions, and similar responses to similar events. As a

popular history Popular history is a broad genre of historiography that takes a popular approach, aims at a wide readership, and usually emphasizes narrative, personality and vivid detail over scholarly analysis. The term is used in contradistinction to professio ...

writer, she sought to understand her subjects as humans as well as their causes. Personal elements may not be important to public life, but they are the kinds of things people want to know. In Hamilton's famous phrase, he was "unfaithful to my wife, but not to my country." Historians always ask, What did they do for the public?

Teaching teachers

Maier won fellowships to write curriculum for college courses and high school teachers. She believed that the interest in American history was not tapped in the curriculum of many states. As a democratic country, the U.S. should give any student a background knowledge of what happened to make the Declaration and the

, and how their uses changed. Assumed things were not always so, students should understand how things can and do change. "Every time you understand what's distinctive about a different time, you are understanding what is distinctive about our time."

Scholarship

Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull

The Neo-Whigs Maier's scholarship belongs to the "Neo-Whig" school of historiography founded by

in reaction to the "Progressive" historians. Her work is likened to that of

Gordon S. Wood Gordon Stewart Wood (born November 27, 1933) is an American historian and professor at Brown University. He is a recipient of the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for History for '' The Radicalism of the American Revolution'' (1992). His book ''The Creation o ...

and Edmund S. Morgan. Radical English libertarian thought changed American beliefs and society and culture. The spreading ideas of natural rights and individual liberty distinctively altered politics, economy and society. These are explained with political analysis apart from ideology, incorporating English and French sources. Neo-Whigs of the 1950s forward avoided the triumphalism of the 1930s ' Whig historians' of the Revolution. The neo-Whigs added empire perspective, explored Patriot differences among colonies and within each colony, and added treatment of Tory elements. Maier's account of evolving Patriot differences is "Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution 1787–1788". Still, neo-Whigs have critics who see no causal imperative to revolution by Lockean ideals. Maier's account of the connections is found in "American Scripture: The Making of the Declaration of Independence". Neo-Whigs versus neo-Progressives In contrast to the neo-Whigs, neo-Progressives explain many developments as a conservative return to Coke's 'Rights of Englishmen', a reaction to economic imperatives of expanding Empire. The British of all classes everywhere in the empire were more free than any in the world. Neo-progressives show that the structural economic change in the English Atlantic empire and local profit margins counted as much for merchants and planters as a colonial concern for Parliament's enactments. Control of domestic markets motivated as much as rights and ideals. The Neo-Whigs have difficulty explaining a tipping point from mild protest to sustained violence. At times they have not accounted for the exodus by Tories and ex-slave British. 'Liberty' in 1776 meant different things to different people. Maier's take is found in "From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765–1776". Neo-Whigs in general answer that doctrine of every kind was underpinned by a colonial social reality that was by its nature uncertain and unstable. Nevertheless, they are charged with favoring those who could read and write. Social historians expanded historical inquiry into urban labor movements and rural militias. Maier contributed to the wider sensibility with her article "Popular Uprisings in 18th Century America" in the William and Mary Quarterly, featured in a reissue of their 50-year best. And while neo-Whigs can explain much of later social, economic and political transformation, see Maier's "Revolutionary Origins of the American Corporation", there still remains how marginalized populations (day-laborers, women, blacks slave and free, Amerindians) should be incorporated into the narrative of the American Revolution. Expanding 'early American' history Indeed, whatever was once "Early American History" is changed and changing. The field is 'imperialistically' reaching chronologically forward fifty years and backwards a century. It has spread geographically over the entire continent and across Atlantic communities. It topically encompasses slavery, gender, ethnicity and borderland outliers. The new intellectual fault line is methodological, based on differences in research standards and how to relate theory and archival research. A recent collection by Donald A. Yerxa looks towards finding a 'reconceptualization' of the field with chronological bounds based on newly researched continuity and change, along with more coherent themes. Maier's section was a forum on historiography,

Peter C. Mancall Peter Mancall (born June 18, 1959) is a professor of history at the University of Southern California whose work has focused on early America, American Indians, and the early modern Atlantic world. Biography A 1981 graduate of Oberlin College ...

led 'the colonial period', and

started 'revolution and early republic'. Maier began the historiography section with three "Disjunctions" based on her previous work at NEH and a newly written rejoinder following comments by five other scholars. In the first disjunction considered by Maier, the social 'Colonial' history is unlike the predominantly political and ideological 'Revolution' history. Colonial history from the Amerindian experience reaches a discontinuity at a time when U.S. imperialism overtakes earlier Hispanic developments in the 1800s. Maier agreed, "a disjunction in historical research is not a disjunction in history." The challenge is to find a bridge from modern fruitful research into the previous scholarship based on national boundaries. The second disjunction is between scholarly interests and the general public. Younger scholars are dropping the history of white men's politics. While bestsellers are written on Franklin, Washington, Adams, and '1776', many modern,

cultural historians Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylo ...

shun white male elites. "Nation" is dismissed as an imagined or invented construct and 'nationalism' in their critique lacks explanatory power for inclusive historical analysis. Maier's third disjunction, related to the second, is between historical scholarship and history taught in secondary schools and college survey courses. While social and cultural historians add to the body of the scholarly literature in their professional careers, Maier asks, "why not synthesize and perpetuate the contributions of previous (political, military and diplomatic) scholars, at least in the classroom?"Yerxa, Donald A., ed., Op.Cit., p. 43 (Related on this page, see references to Maier's work in two fellowships at National Endowment of Humanities, Guggenheim Foundation, Annenberg Foundation, PBS, History Channel, and textbooks referenced by scholars.)

Work

Paperback and ebook These works are cited by scholars in the field as noted. Ebook, paperback, and audiobook editions offer easiest access to Maier's work. See titles re-listed below in "Books and scholarly articles" for approving and critical reviews, online interviews, panel discussion and lectures associated with each one. * "Ratification: the People Debate" (2010) ebook. CD-audio. (paper 07/05/2011)
“”Ratification”"
Google books. Links to reviews, video below. *
American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence
. 140 scholarly cites. Links to reviews, video below. * "The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the U.S." (2008), paper, ebook
"“Decl-Const""
'Google books'. 10 scholar cites.“Google scholar”
Op.Cit. See below. * "From Resistance to Revolution ... ", paper
“”Resistance”"
'Google books'. 149 scholarly cites. Links to reviews, video below. * "The Old Revolutionaries: Political Lives in the Age of Samuel Adams", paper
“”Revolutionaries”"
Amazon 'look'. 36 scholarly cites. See below.

Books and scholarly articles

Books and scholarly articles The ISBN links here and footnoted go to WP's "Book Sources" for direct links at "find this book" resources. These include online text, formatted bibliographical information, libraries, book sellers, book swappers. Hardback editions
"Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788"
(2010): The politics of the

's ratification. Mining resources o
"The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution"
:Maier won the

of 2011 for $50K
“MIT webpage"
with reviews from the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal" See notes for other generally favorable perspectives.
"American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence"
(1997) The Declaration was written, venerated, and transformed; 90 "Declarations", Paine, Lincoln. NYT Book Review 1997 best 11. :See Gary Rosen'
“Commentary”
review Oct 1997 for a critical take on Maier's taking Jefferson down a peg. He recommends an alternative read that better fits 'Great Man' historiography

Audio WRPI-FM 1999 interview on "Scripture" in two parts
"BN Scripture synopsis"
* "The Old Revolutionaries: Political Lives in the Age of

Samuel Adams Samuel Adams ( – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and a Founding Father of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, an ...

" (1980) Five revolutionaries of diverse motivations in common cause. * "The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States" (1998, 2008) paper. A 25-page introductory essay by Maier briefly describes the writing of the Declaration and of the Constitution.
"From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765–1776"
(1972, 1992) The officers of the

Sons of Liberty The Sons of Liberty was a loosely organized, clandestine, sometimes violent, political organization active in the Thirteen American Colonies founded to advance the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. It pl ...

came from the middle and upper classes.
"BN Resistance synopsis"
Co-authored and contributed chapters * "Declaring Independence" (2010) second edition. Univ. of Virginia Library. by Christian Yves Dupont, ed., Maier's essay, "Who really wrote the Declaration of Independence". also David McCulloch, Robert G. Parkinson, David Armitage, Robert M.S. McDonald, Justice Sandra Day O'Conner. * "American Revolution" (2009) by Charlene Mires, ed. Maier writes a chapter "The path toward independence". Others: Don Higginbotham, Gary B. Nash, Gordon S. Wood, Jimmy Carter. *"Why does America have the Constitution of 1787?: new historical perspectives" by Joseph F. Cullon, Pauline Maier, Jack N. Rakove, Woody Holton, Max M. Edling. Dartmouth College. Video, DVD 88 min. (May, 2009)
“”Abraham Lincoln: great American historians”
on our 16th President" (2008) second edition by Brian Lamb. Ebook. Book. Maier writes an essay in Part 3, Character, "The Declaration's Influence", p. 212. * "Declaration of Independence", an entry in e-documen

Charles Scribner's Sons
“Declaring Independence: the origin and influence of America’s founding document: featuring the Albert H. Small Declaration of Independence Collection”
(2008) First edition. Christian Yves, ed. by Joseph J. Ellis, Annette Gordon-Reed, Charles A. Miller, Peter S. Onuf, Garry Wills. Pauline Maier wrote the chapter, "Who really wrote the Declaration of Independence?" in both first and second editions. * "

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 18 ...

, Genius of Liberty" (2000) J. Joseph, Annette Gordon-Reed, Pauline Maier, ...
“Interdisciplinary study of the American Revolution”
(1976) Greene, Jack P., and Pauline Maier. Scholarly articles College of William and Mary in Williamsburg

College of William and Mary in Williamsburg

* "Lacroix – the ideological origins of American federalism" The William and Mary quarterly. 67, no. 3, (2010): 557 * "America unabridged – the young republic: 1787 to 1860" American Heritage (December 2004) p. 32 * "The Revolutionary Origins of the American Corporation", The William and Mary Quarterly, Jan., 1993, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 51–84. 74 scholarly citations. *"Interdisciplinary Studies of the American Revolution", Pauline Maier and Jack P. Greene. (Maier led on article, Greene led on book.) Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Spring, 1976, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 543–544 * "Popular Uprisings in Eighteenth-Century America", Reprint of 50-year best: William and Mary Quarterly. 1, (1999): 138 ; original: WMQ: A Magazine of Early American History, Jan., 1970, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 3–35. 103 scholarly citations. Scholarly reviews
“The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution"
vols. 19–23. review of primary source collection, WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY, 68, no. 1, (2011): 155–159

on McCullough's bio of John Adams, contrasting Ellis' view of Adams' temperament. NYT online 'Books', 05/27/2001.

Texts, Online courses

For a democracy to work, Maier would have its citizens to look beyond assumptions, to know how things can and do change." To "synthesize and perpetuate the contributions of previous scholars … in the classroom," she writes college textbooks and uses them to teach undergraduates. Maier writes online courses available at her university and used by other universities Beyond traditional college offerings, Maier integrated participatory learning, political history and

social history Social history, often called the new social history, is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past. In its "golden age" it was a major growth field in the 1960s and 1970s among scholars, and still is well represented in his ...

in a collaboration with online

MUVE A virtual world (also called a virtual space) is a computer-simulated environment which may be populated by many users who can create a personal Avatar (computing), avatar, and simultaneously and independently explore the virtual world, participa ...

gaming project in a format that younger "digital divide" learners find engaging. She reaches out to students before college in texts used in high schools for Advanced Placement courses and previously in a text for middle schoolers with a braille edition. She connects with secondary teachers through the "Teaching American History" courses. She has been a TAH presenter and her books are used for required readings in college credit courses around the country for high school teachers to acquire a better background in American history. Texts MadisonsMontpelier

* "America's Documents of Freedom" (2009) by Goldhil Video. Greg Heimer narrator. 11 DVD-Rs, panel. Pauline Maier, John Smolenski, Robert George, Wilson Smith. For junior high/high school. Stories behind important documents in U.S. History.
""Inventing America"
a History of the United States" (2006) college textbook. Even when invented elsewhere, Americans adopt technology that alters their politics, economy, society.. First edition, chapters to 1800 by Maier. Maier lead author on second edition. 27 scholarly citations.
“American Heritage”
interview by Smithsonian technology archivist. Vide
“Inventing America”
Four authors at Chicago Hist. Soc., C-SPAN. :Critical review by economist

Sylvia Nasar Sylvia Nasar (born 17 August 1947) is an Uzbek German-born American journalist. She is best known for her biography of John Forbes Nash Jr., '' A Beautiful Mind'', for which she won the National Book Critics Circle Award for Biography. Nasar curr ...

in the New York Times
“A textbook case”
asserting insufficient attention to innovation and adoption, corporation and profit, societal distribution. Th

is found in the NYT of October 6, 2002. :

US History Skillbook with Writing Practice and Exercises" by Henry, M and Maier, P., Ed.2 use with "Inventing" ; "With U.S. History: A Document-Based Skillbook" by Maier, P. Ed.2. use with "Inventing".
"The American People: A History”
(1986) hardcover and braille. a survey textbook for junior-high-school students. Online courses * "Primary Sources: workshops in American History. Workshop 2 of 8

the power of the printed word. Transcripts and Video. Maier lecture on Thomas Paine's "Common Sense". * 2001 WGBH Educational Foundation. Annenberg Foundation 2011. Course credit. Virginia Polytechnic Institute.

to the video workshop series providing professional development resources for American history teachers.
“The American Revolution”
"MIT open courseware" Undergraduate 21H.112 as taught in Spring 2006. viewed 05/08/2011. For an alternate online approach presenting similar material, see Joanne B. Freeman's lectures-only format
“The American Revolution”
at 'Yale University Courses'. Avatar virtual gaming
“Revolution” – virtual gaming
MITs Education Arcade, with Colonial Williamsburg. Microsoft iCampus. 2004. Pauline Maier historical collaboration with program authors Matthew Weise,
Henry Jenkins Henry Jenkins III (born June 4, 1958) is an American media scholar and Provost Professor of Communication, Journalism, and Cinematic Arts, a joint professorship at the University of Southern California (USC) Annenberg School for Communication a ...
, Kurt Squire. A seven-avatar Multi-User Virtual Environment (
MUVE A virtual world (also called a virtual space) is a computer-simulated environment which may be populated by many users who can create a personal Avatar (computing), avatar, and simultaneously and independently explore the virtual world, participa ...
): conservative patriot burgess, tailoress entrepreneur, woman houseservant slave, male blacksmith, immigrant waitress, man fieldhand slave, carpenter. Lectures and panel discussions : See below under "
Further reading Further or Furthur may refer to: * ''Furthur'' (bus), the Merry Pranksters' psychedelic bus * Further (band), a 1990s American indie rock band * Furthur (band), a band formed in 2009 by Bob Weir and Phil Lesh * ''Further'' (The Chemical Brothers a ...
"

Popular reviews and columns
Popular reviews and columns Maier wrote popular book reviews and opinion columns for several periodicals, including the New York Times (NYT) Books, Arts and Opinion pages, all relating to her scholarly area of expertise. She occasionally appeared as a guest on radio talk programs. Maier was an advisor to
History News Network History News Network (HNN) at George Washington University is a platform for historians writing about current events. History History News Network (HNN) is a non-profit corporation registered in Washington DC. HNN was founded by Richard Shenkman ...
out of George Mason University.“History News Network”
published by the George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. viewed 05/02/2011 Washington Post reviews

02/22/2011. Maier's approving review of Maya Jasanoff's well-written "Liberty's exiles: American loyalists in the Revolutionary world" and recalling
Mary Beth Norton Mary Beth Norton (born 1943) is an American historian, specializing in American colonial history and well known for her work on women's history and the Salem witch trials. She is the Mary Donlon Alger Professor Emeritus of American History at t ...
's 1970 prize-winning "British Americans". Compare with Thomas H. Bender in the New York Times 05/01/201
“The King's men, after the American Revolution”
NYT Reviews Looking at twenty years as a NYT reviewer, one can see an evolution from (a) 1980s family, women's and children's books, to (b) early to mid 1990s specialty monographs concerning the Revolutionary period, to (c) late 1990s big name authors and best sellers in her field. (Note: keep scrolling through the Arts page ads for text.)

May 27, 2001. Review of David McCullough's "John Adams"

March 1, 1998. On Paul Johnson's "A history of the American people"

November 1, 1998. On Eric Foner's "The story of American freedom"

July 3, 1988. On Edmund S. Morgan's "Inventing the people: the rise of popular sovereignty in England and America".

November 16, 1997. on Richard M. Ketchum's "Saratoga: turning point of America's Revolutionary War"

July 14, 1996. On John Keegan's "Fields of battle: the wars for North America".

August 26, 1990. On Willard S. Randall's "Benedict Arnold: patriot and traitor"

July 30, 1989. On Frank Bourgin's "The great challenge: the myth of laissez-faire in the Early Republic".

reviewing ten children's books on Revolution and Constitution

December 12, 1982. On Barbara Strachey's "Remarkable relations: the story of the Pearsall Smith women"

May 16, 1982. On Janet H. Murray's "Strong-minded women and other lost voices from 19th Century England".

September 1981. On Lynne Withey's "Dearest friend: a life of Abigail Adams". NYT Opinion

December 21, 2010.

July 4, 1997. Radio
“Costa Report”
interview with California-based Rebecca D. Costa's radio show features research based scholars with unconventional takes on nonpartisan 'PBS content'. Costa'
“Maier interview”
KSCO radio, February 4, 2011. Viewed 05/16/2001.
“Wilson Center”
'strengthening the fruitful relations between the world of learning and the world of public affairs'. "Dialogue Radio
“#946 ‘Ratification’”
December 19–26, 2010. Viewed 05/16/2001. TV and video series : See below under "
Further reading Further or Furthur may refer to: * ''Furthur'' (bus), the Merry Pranksters' psychedelic bus * Further (band), a 1990s American indie rock band * Furthur (band), a band formed in 2009 by Bob Weir and Phil Lesh * ''Further'' (The Chemical Brothers a ...
"

References

Further reading

Lectures and panel discussions

Teaching The Nation's History
2004 Adaptation of a speech delivered to a
National Endowment for the Humanities The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent federal agency of the U.S. government, established by thNational Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965(), dedicated to supporting research, education, preserv ...
forum.
“You Teach History at MIT?”
2003. Lecture at Alumni Association. Running time 56:37.
“Interview with Charlie Rose”
(July 4, 1997) 54 minutes.

1997 Description of a lecture Maier delivered before the
Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The libra ...

What Was The Declaration Of Independence
1997 Interview with
David Gergen David Richmond Gergen (born May 9, 1942) is an American political commentator and former presidential adviser who served during the administrations of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. He is currently a senior politica ...
.

TV and video series and programs
] * "Dialogue Television" vide
“ #2263 ‘Ratification’
December 8–12, 2010. Viewed 05/16/2001.
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (or Wilson Center) is a quasi-government entity and think tank which conducts research to inform public policy. Located in the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center in Wash ...
, 'strengthening the fruitful relations between the world of learning and the world of public affairs'.
They made America 2004
Maier in "Revolution", then "Newcomers", "Gamblers", "Rebels".

PBS Series, 2004. Liberty

PBS, video of Maier describing the event.

2004 – PBS series of thirteen, Episode 3. The Chess Master (1776–90), Franklin's diverse and crucial roles.

History Channel series

NEH project
“Benjamin Franklin”
2002 (PBS TV mini-series documentary) – advisor * Biography of America: "Annenberg Learner"'s WGBH production of Biography of America (2000) "New world encounters". P. Maier et al., "The Coming of Independence". P. Maier

P. Maier, "Westward expansion". Maier, another and host. Maier shows here an example of the new "Early American History" where it stretches a century past and fifty years forward.
“Founding Fathers”
2000 – TV mini-series documentary. Four episodes on rebels, liberties, revolution, constitution.

Innovative places of scholarship
In her scholarly career, Pauline Maier found collaborative work among many academic institutions. These most often practiced interdisciplinary, multi-cultural study which broke through artificial chronologies. "A disjunction in historical research is not a disjunction in history." (in Donald Yerxa book) Below is a sampling. Scholarship
“Center for the study of the American Constitution”
Madison, Wisconsin. Sponsor substantial publications about constitutional government to be widely used by scholars, judges, and teachers. Contribute professional development in curricula and classrooms around the region and the nation.
“Sloan Foundation”
New York, New York Promotes carefully reasoned and systematic understanding of the forces of nature and society, through research and broad-based education related to science, technology, and economic performance; and the quality of American life. A focus on science, technology, and economic institutions.
“Guggenheim Foundation”
New York, New York. "Midcareer" awards for demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts. An annual award for U.S./Canada and one for Latin America/Caribbean. Numbers of them are elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
“The Scherer Center for the Study of American Culture”
Chicago, Illinois. To develop scholarship in American culture and broadcast it. Within various disciplines, connect History, Philosophy, Political Science, Economics, Public Policy, the Law School—and—Social Thought, Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology, Divinity School—and—Art History, Cinema, Media, Visual and Music – and—English, Romance Languages, Linguistics. Journals
"Journal of Interdisciplinary History"
Boston, Massachusetts. Employ the methods and insights of multiple disciplines in the study of past times to bring a historical perspective to economics, demographics, politics, sociology and psychology.
“Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture”
Williamsburg, Virginia. Early American history and culture. From early contacts to 1820. Geographically, North America— French, Spanish, British, the Caribbean, Europe and West Africa. History, literature, law, political science, and cultural studies, anthropology, archaeology. Education
“National Endowment for the Humanities”
(NEH), Washington, DC. Serves and strengthens our Republic by promoting excellence in the humanities and conveying the lessons of history to all Americans. Cultural resources for educational programs, reflecting our diverse heritage, traditions, and history. Relating the humanities to the current national life.
“”National Archives”
and Records Administration", Washington, DC . The Archives and its foundation preserve and present the records of the actions of Federal Government since 1790—interpreting relating each document to the rights of American citizens, the actions of Federal officials, and the national experience. Network archives, records centers, online.
“Annenberg Foundation”
Los Angeles, California. Development of more effective ways to share ideas and knowledge. Multimedia resources help teachers increase their expertise in their fields and assist them in improving their teaching methods. Programs are for students and viewers at home, exemplifying excellent teaching.
“Gilder Lehrman Institute”
New York, NY. Study and love of American history through programs and resources for students, teachers, scholars, and history enthusiasts. Work with history-focused schools; organize development programs for teachers; Print and digital publications and traveling exhibits; resources for K–12 teachers and students.
“American Academy of Arts & Sciences”
Cambridge, Mass. Independent policy research for multidisciplinary studies of complex and emerging problems and practical policy alternatives. Fosters public engagement and mentors new scholars and thinkers. Elected members are leaders in the academic disciplines, the arts, business, and public affairs.
“Madison’s Montpelier”
Orange, Virginia. Non-partisan organization dedicated to the study and teaching of founding principles and constitutional ideals for American self-government. A goal of becoming the nation's leading resource in Constitutional education. A teaching academy for scholars, teachers, judges, and elected officials, U.S. and abroad.
“Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars"
Washington, DC. Congress established, non-partisan, to unite the world of ideas to the world of policy. Scholarship and linking scholarship to issues of concern to Washington. Particularly study of international affairs, executive branch and Congress in a broad context in a long view.

External links

MIT homepage. Maier was a Professor of American History there from 1979 until her death. *
Interview with Maier on ''American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence''
''
Booknotes ''Booknotes'' is an American television series on the C-SPAN network hosted by Brian Lamb, which originally aired from 1989 to 2004. The format of the show is a one-hour, one-on-one interview with a non-fiction author. The series was broadcast at ...
'', August 17, 1997.
Interview with Maier
''
In Depth ''In Depth'' is a program that airs monthly on C-SPAN 2 as part of their Book TV programming, and features a different writer each month. Each interview covers the breadth of that author's writing career, and incorporates viewer calls and e-mails ...
'', March 6, 2011 * {{DEFAULTSORT:Maier, Pauline 1938 births 2013 deaths Alumni of the London School of Economics Radcliffe College alumni Historians of the American Revolution MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences faculty American textbook writers Women textbook writers Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences American women historians 21st-century American women