Paul Carnot (16 January 1869, in Limoges – 1 April 1957, in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

) was a French physician. He served as ''médecin des hôpitaux'' in

, becoming a professor of therapeutic medicine in 1918 to the Paris medical faculty. In 1922 he was elected as a member to the '' Académie de Médecine''.

Career

In 1906 he coined the term ''hémopoïétine'' ( hemopoietin) to define a humoral factor he believed was responsible for regulation of

red blood cell Red blood cells (RBCs), also referred to as red cells, red blood corpuscles (in humans or other animals not having nucleus in red blood cells), haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek ''erythros'' for "red" and ''kytos'' for "holl ...

production. This being based on experiments with laboratory rabbits that he conducted with his graduate student Clotilde-Camille DeFlandre. They noticed that an increase of

reticulocyte Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs). In the process of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), reticulocytes develop and mature in the bone marrow and then circulate for about a day in the blood stream before developing into ma ...

s in normal rabbits occurred following the injection of

blood plasma Blood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intr ...

taken from anemic donor rabbits who had earlier been subject to

bloodletting Bloodletting (or blood-letting) is the withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease. Bloodletting, whether by a physician or by leeches, was based on an ancient system of medicine in which blood and other bodily flu ...

. Findings from their research were published in a paper titled ''Sur l'activité hémopoïétique du sérum au cours de la régénération du sang'' (On the hemopoietic activity of serum during the regeneration of blood). Carnot was the author of numerous treatises on a wide array of medical subjects. With Paul Brouardel (1837–1906),

Augustin Nicolas Gilbert Augustin Nicolas Gilbert (15 February 1858 – 4 March 1927) was a French physician. He was born in the town of Buzancy, Ardennes, and died in Paris. He received his doctorate from the University of Paris and became an interne at the Hôtel-Dieu ...

(1858–1927) and others, he published the multi-volume ''Nouveau traité de médecine et de thérapeutique''. The following are a few of his better known writings: * ''Les régénerations d'organes'', 1899 (Regeneration of organs) * ''Maladies microbiennes en général'', 1905 (Microbial illnesses in general) * ''Médications histopoiétiques et médications histolytiques'', 1911 (Medications histopoietic and histolytic) * ''Precis de therapeutique'', 1925 (Summary of therapy) * ''La clinique medicale de l'Hôtel-Dieu et l'oeuvre du Pr Gilbert'' 1927 (The Medical Clinic of the Hôtel-Dieu and the work of Professor Gilbert) His great-grand-father was Lazare Carnot, a French

general A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED ...

, his father, Marie Adolphe Carnot was an engineer, head of the French École des Mines de Paris.''Annales des Mines''
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References

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(list of publications) {{DEFAULTSORT:Carnot, Paul People from Limoges Academic staff of the University of Paris 20th-century French physicians 1869 births 1957 deaths