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A Pattavali (From Sanskrit patta: seat, avali: chain), Sthaviravali or Theravali, is a record of a spiritual lineage of heads of monastic orders. They are thus spiritual genealogies. It is generally presumed that two successive names are teacher and pupil. The term is applicable for all Indian religions, but is generally used for
A Pattavali (From Sanskrit patta: seat, avali: chain), Sthaviravali or Theravali, is a record of a spiritual lineage of heads of monastic orders. They are thus spiritual genealogies. It is generally presumed that two successive names are teacher and pupil. The term is applicable for all Indian religions, but is generally used for Jain
Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of ''Dharma''), with the first in the current time cycle being ...
monastic orders.
There are several famous pattavalis which are often used to establish historical chronologies:
*Sarasvatigachchha Pattavali: Pattavali of the Balatkara Gana
Balatkara Gana is an ancient Jain monastic order. It is a section of the Mula Sangh. It is often termed ''Balatkara Gana Sarasvati Gachchha''. Until the beginning of the 20th century it was present in a number of places in India. However all ...
of Mula Sangh
''Digambara'' (; "sky-clad") is one of the two major schools of Jainism, the other being '' Śvētāmbara'' (white-clad). The Sanskrit word ''Digambara'' means "sky-clad", referring to their traditional monastic practice of neither possessing ...
*Tapagaccha Pattavali: Pattavali of Tapa Gachchha
*Upakesha Gaccha Pattavali: Pattavali of now extinct Upakesha Gaccha.
*Kharataragachha Pattavali: Pattavali of Kharatara Gachchha
Glasenapp notes that although the chronological list mentioned in pattavali are valuable, it is not reliable.
Description
''Pattavali'' states the lineage of Jain monks.The Jain Monastic Lineages
According to 600 AD inscription at Sravanabelagola, Harivansha Purana, Jambuddvita Pannati and Kalpasutra, the ''Pattavali'' (lineage) after Mahavira, 24th ''tirthankara
In Jainism, a ''Tirthankara'' (Sanskrit: '; English: literally a ' ford-maker') is a saviour and spiritual teacher of the '' dharma'' (righteous path). The word ''tirthankara'' signifies the founder of a '' tirtha'', which is a fordable pass ...
'', is traced as follows. Bhadrabahu was the last leader of the undivided Sangha. After him there were two branches in the lineage. In both branches, some of the oral tradition was gradually lost. The two branches eventually became the two traditions Digambaras and the Svetambaras, although formal recognition of the separation is encountered in the 5th century CE. Kalpasutra gives a lineage starting with Pushyagiri after Vajrasena ending with Kshamashramna Devarddhi, the president of the Vallabhi council
There are several Jain councils mentioned in Jain texts associated with revision and redaction of Jain Agamas (sacred texts). The first council was held at Pataliputra. The second councils were probably held simultaneously at Mathura and Vallabhi ...
. The canonical books of the Svetambaras were produced in writing in this Council. The Kalpasutra also mentions ganas and shakhas established by other disciples of Bhadrabahu, Sambhutavijaya, Mahagiri etc. The Brihat-Kharataragachchha pattavali gives the name of Chandra after Vajrasena, the lineage continues until Udyotana, the founder of Brihadgachcha.
*The Kevalis (those who attained kavalagyana)
**Mahavira Swami
**Gautam Swami
** Sudharmaswami (Lohacharya)
**Jambu Swami
*The Shruta Kevalis (who knew the complete oral texts) According to Digambara
''Digambara'' (; "sky-clad") is one of the two major schools of Jainism, the other being '' Śvētāmbara'' (white-clad). The Sanskrit word ''Digambara'' means "sky-clad", referring to their traditional monastic practice of neither possessing ...
tradition:
**Vishnudeva
**Aparajita
**Govardhana
** Bhadrabahu
*The Shruta Kevalis (who knew the complete oral texts) According to Svetambara tradition:
**Prabhava
**Sayyambhava
**Yashobhadra
**Sambhutavijaya
** Bhadrabahu
The Lineages after Bhadrabahu
According to Digambar tradition, the monastic lineage after bhadrabahu was: * Bhadrabahu, the shruta-kevali *Visakha
Visakha ( pi, Visākhā; sa, Viśākhā), also known as Migāramāta, was a wealthy aristocratic woman who lived during the time of Gautama Buddha. She is considered to have been the chief female patron of the Buddha. Visakha founded the temple ...
, the 10-purvis begin here
* Prosthila
* Kshatria
*Jayasena
Jayasena was a twelfth century Digambara Jain Acharya who wrote ''Tattparyavritti'' (or ''the Purport''), a commentary on Acharya Kundakunda's Pravachanasara
''Pravachanasara'', is a text composed by Jain monk, Kundakunda
Kundakund ...
*Nagasena
Nāgasena was a Sarvastivadan Buddhist sage who lived around 150 BC. His answers to questions about Buddhism posed by Menander I (Pali: ''Milinda''), the Indo-Greek king of northwestern India, are recorded in the '' Milinda Pañha'' and the Sa ...
*Siddhartha
* Dhritisena
*Vijaya
* Buddhilinga
*Deva I
Deva may refer to:
Entertainment
* ''Deva'' (1989 film), a 1989 Kannada film
* ''Deva'' (1995 film), a 1995 Tamil film
* ''Deva'' (2002 film), a 2002 Bengali film
* Deva (2007 Telugu film)
* ''Deva'' (2017 film), a 2017 Marathi film
* Deva ...
*Dharasena
''Acharya'' Dharasena was a ''Digambara monk'' of first century CE.
Biography
''Āchārya'' Dharasena, in first century CE, guided two ''Āchāryas'', ''Āchārya'' Pushpadant and ''Āchārya'' Bhutabali, to put the teachings of Mahavira in t ...
* Nakshatri, 11 angis begin here.
* Jayapalaka
*Pandava
The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, IAST: Pāṇḍava) refers to the five legendary brothers— Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva—who are the central characters of the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. They are acknowledge ...
* Dhruvasena
*Kansa
* Subhadra, 1 angis begins here.
* Yashobhadra
* Bhadrabahu II
* Lohacarya II
* Arhadvali, ekangis with partial knowledge of one anga.
* Maghanandi
*Dharasena
''Acharya'' Dharasena was a ''Digambara monk'' of first century CE.
Biography
''Āchārya'' Dharasena, in first century CE, guided two ''Āchāryas'', ''Āchārya'' Pushpadant and ''Āchārya'' Bhutabali, to put the teachings of Mahavira in t ...
, see Satkhandagama
The (Sanskrit: "Scripture in Six Parts") is the foremost and oldest Digambara Jain sacred text.
According to Digambara tradition, the original canonical scriptures of the Jains were totally lost within a few centuries of ''Nirvana'' of Mah ...
*Pushpadanta
In Jainism, Pushpadanta ( sa, पुष्पदन्त), also known as Suvidhinatha, was the ninth Tirthankara of the present age ('' Avasarpini''). According to Jain belief, he became a siddha and an arihant, a liberated soul that has des ...
*Bhutabali
Acharya Bhutabali (7th century CE) was a Digambara monk. He along with Acharya Pushpadanta composed the most sacred Jain text,'' Satkhandagama.''.
Legacy
''Shrut Panchami'' (scripture fifth) is celebrated by Jains in may every year commemorati ...
Arhadvali is said to have been the founder for the divisions of the Mula Sangha.
The lineage from Bhadrabahu according to Svetambara tradition is:
* Bhadrabahu and Sambhutavijaya
* Sthulabhadra
* Mahagiri (268 BC to 168 BC) and Suhastin (222 BC to 122 BC)
* Susthita
* Indradatta
* Dinna
* Sinhagiri
*Vajra (31 BC to 47 CE)
* Vajrasena
According to Shwetambar tradition, the monastic lineage is
# Sudharmaswami
#Jambu Swami
#Prabhava
#Sayyambhava
#Yashobhadra
#Sambhutavijaya & Bhadrabahu
# Sthulabhadra
# Mahagiri (268 BC to 168 BC) and Suhastin (222 BC to 122 BC)
# Susthita and Supratibuddh
#Indradinna
#Dinna
#Sinhagiri
#Vajraswami (31 BC to 47 CE)
#Vajrasena
#Chandrasuri
#-
#Vriddhadeva
#Pradyotansuri
#Mandevsuri
#Mantungsuri
#Virsuri
#Jaidevsuri
#Anandsuri
#Vikramsuri
#Narsimhsuriji
#Samudrasuri
#Mandevsuri II
#Vibudhprabhasuri
#Jayanandsuri
#Raviprabhsuri
#Yashodevsuri
#Pradyumnasuri
#Mandevsuri III
#Vimalchandrasuri
#Udyotansuri
#Sarvadevsuri
#Devsuri
#Sarvadevsuri II
#Yashobhadrasuri
#Munichandrasuri
#Vadidevsuri
#Vijaisinghsuri
#Somaprabhsuri
#Jagatchandrasuri - Founder of Tapagaccha
#Devendrasuri
#Vidyanandsuri and Dharmagoshsuri
#Somaprabhsuri
#Somatilaksuri
#Devsundersuri
#Somasundersuri
#Munisundersuri
#Ratnashekharsuri
#Lakshmisagarsuri
#Sumatisadhusuri
#Hemvimalsuri
#Anandvimalsuri
#Vijay Dansuri
#Vijay Hirsuri - One who inspired Akbar
#Vijaysen Suri
#Vijaydev suri
#Vijaysimhsuri
#Vijayprabhavsuri
#Satyavijay Gani
See also
*Lineage (Buddhism)
A lineage in Buddhism is a line of transmission of the Buddhist teaching that is "theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself." The acknowledgement of the transmission can be oral, or certified in documents. Several branches of Buddhism, in ...
* Religious order
Notes
References
* * * * * {{Authority control Asceticism Religious organisations based in India Jain organisations Jain monasticism