Paruma is a stratovolcano that lies on the border of Bolivia and

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

. It is part of a ridge that contains several stratovolcanos. Paruma lies at the eastern end of the ridge, with

Olca Olca is a stratovolcano on the border of Chile and Bolivia. It lies in the middle of a 15 km long ridge composed of several stratovolcanos. Cerro Minchincha lies to the west and Paruma to the east. It is also close to the pre-Holocene Cerr ...

to its west. The older volcano Paruma lies to east of Paruma. Paruma has clearly been active during the

Holocene The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togeth ...

, with many morphologically young lava flows on its flanks. It also has persistent

fumarole A fumarole (or fumerole) is a vent in the surface of the Earth or other rocky planet from which hot volcanic gases and vapors are emitted, without any accompanying liquids or solids. Fumaroles are characteristic of the late stages of volcani ...

s. One lava flow in particular extends for 7 kilometres to the south-east of the peak. Historical activity along the ridge has been confined to one eruption from 1865 to 1867, the character of which is not precisely known.

Sources

* Subduction volcanoes Volcanoes of Potosí Department Stratovolcanoes of Chile Polygenetic volcanoes Bolivia–Chile border International mountains of South America Volcanoes of Antofagasta Region Holocene stratovolcanoes {{Potosí-geo-stub