Parliament of Romania
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The Parliament of Romania ( ro, Parlamentul României) is the national bicameral legislature of
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies ( ro, Camera Deputaților) and the Senate ( ro, Senat). It meets at the Palace of the Parliament in
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
, the capital of the country. Prior to the modification of the
Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princ ...
in 2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses. If the text differed, a special commission ( ro, comisie de mediere) was formed by deputies and senators, that "negotiated" between the two houses the form of the future law. The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the Parliament. After the 2003
referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
, a law still has to be approved by both houses, but each house has designated matters it gets to deliberate before the other, in capacity of "deciding chamber" ( ro, cameră decizională). If that first chamber adopts a law proposal (relating to its competences), it is passed on to the other one, which can approve or reject. If it makes amendments, the bill is sent back to the deciding chamber, the decision of which is final. In 2009, a
referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
was held to consult the population about turning the parliament into a unicameral body and reducing the number of representatives to 300. Although the referendum passed, the results are not binding, a referendum explicitly mentioning the modification of the
constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princ ...
being required to achieve this.


History

The parliamentary history of
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
starts in May 1831 in
Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and s ...
, where a constitutional document was adopted,
Regulamentul Organic ''Regulamentul Organic'' (, Organic Regulation; french: Règlement Organique; russian: Органический регламент, Organichesky reglament)The name also has plural versions in all languages concerned, referring to the dual na ...
("The Organic Statute" or "The Organic Regulation"); less than a year later, in January 1832, this same statute was implemented in
Moldavia Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and for ...
as well. The organic regulation laid the foundations for the parliamentary institution in the Romanian Principalities. The Paris Convention of 19 August 1858 and, especially, ''Statutul Dezvoltător'' ("The Expanding Statute") of that convention (which introduced a bicameral parliament, by founding ''Corpul Ponderator'', later renamed ''Senat''), adopted on the initiative of prince (''Domnitor'')
Alexandru Ioan Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza (, or Alexandru Ioan I, also anglicised as Alexander John Cuza; 20 March 1820 – 15 May 1873) was the first ''domnitor'' (Ruler) of the Romanian Principalities through his double election as prince of Moldavia on 5 Janua ...
, by means of a
plebiscite A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of ...
in 1864, perfected and enlarged the principle of national representation. Under the political regime established by the Paris Convention, the legislative power faced an obvious process of modernization, and the legislative power as National Representation, which operated in accordance with the organization and operation mode of parliaments in Western Europe at that time. The historical process of formation of the Parliament of Romania in the modern age strongly boosted the affirmation of national
sovereignty Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the perso ...
, subsequently leading to the Union of the two Principalities, in 1859. Under the dome of the Romanian Parliament, on 9 May 1877, the Declaration of Romania's Independence was read, and, in 1920, the documents of union with
Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...
and Bessarabia under the
Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (french: Traité de Trianon, hu, Trianoni békeszerződés, it, Trattato del Trianon) was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference and was signed in the Grand Trianon château in Versailles on 4 June 1920. It forma ...
were read, the formal beginning of
Greater Romania The term Greater Romania ( ro, România Mare) usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period, achieved after the Great Union. It also refers to a pan-nationalist idea. As a concept, its main goal is the creation ...
. In February 1938, amid the rather chaotic European political association that eventually led to
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, King
Carol II Carol II (4 April 1953) was King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his forced abdication on 6 September 1940. The eldest son of Ferdinand I, he became crown prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King Carol I in 1914. He was the first of th ...
, who always tended to favor his own personal rule over parliamentarism, imposed a rule of authoritarian monarchy. Under the royal dictatorship, the parliament became merely a decorative body, deprived of its main attributes. Carol abdicated in September 1940, and the succeeding National Legionary State suspended parliament. The National Legionary State as such lasted less than five months, but it was succeeded by Ion Antonescu's military dictatorship, and parliament remained suspended. After 23 August 1944, under the pressure of
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
and other communist forces, the parliament was re-organized as a single legislative body, the Assembly of Deputies, changed under the 1948 constitution, into the
Great National Assembly Great National Assembly or Grand National Assembly may refer to: * Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia, an assembly of Romanian delegates that declared the unification of Transylvania and Romania * Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic of ...
, a merely formal body, totally subordinate to the power of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). The Romanian Revolution of December 1989 opened the road for Romanians to restore authentic pluralistic
electoral democracy Representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy, is a type of democracy where elected people represent a group of people, in contrast to direct democracy. Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of represe ...
, respecting human rights, and observing the
separation of powers Separation of powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches. The typic ...
and the rulers' responsibility before representative bodies. Thanks to the documents issued by the provisional revolutionary power, Romania has returned to a bicameral parliamentary system. All these stipulations can be found in the country's new
Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princ ...
, approved by
referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
in 1991. During more than a decade of
post-communist Post-communism is the period of political and economic transformation or transition in former communist states located in Eastern Europe and parts of Africa and Asia in which new governments aimed to create free market-oriented capitalist economi ...
transition, the Chamber of Deputies and Senate debated and adopted numerous laws and regulations aimed at reforming the entire society on a democratic basis, guaranteeing respect of fundamental human rights, promoting reform and privatization, consolidating market economic institutions and those of a state ruled by law, which led to Romania's integration into such institutions as the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
(NATO) and the
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been de ...
(EU).


List of presidents of the Houses

Last election of the President of the Chamber of Deputies: November 2021 The
1866 Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman t ...
,
1923 Events January–February * January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory). * January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, t ...
, and
1938 Constitution of Romania The 1938 Constitution of Romania was the fundamental law of Romania from the time of its adoption until 1940. It formed the legal basis for the royal dictatorship of King Carol II. It replaced the 1923 Constitution. History King Carol engineere ...
state that the assembly presidents are elected at the beginning of each session. This tradition was kept in the early years of the People's Republic. In modern times, both presidents of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate are elected for the entire duration of that house's term. Under special circumstances the presidents of the houses can be revoked. The political stance of the presidents of the assembly prior to the development of a modern party system is shown by: The political stance of the presidents of the assembly after the development of a modern party system is shown by:


19th century


20th century


21st century


Functioning

Prior to the modifications of the
Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princ ...
in 2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses. If the text differed, a special commission (''comisie de mediere'') was formed by deputies and senators, that "negotiated" between the two houses the form of the future law. The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the Parliament. This French procedure proved to be extremely long and inefficient with respect to the expectations of the Romanians towards democracy. After the 2003
referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
, a law still has to be approved by both houses, but in some matters one is "superior" to the other, being called "decision chamber" (''"cameră decizională"''). This eliminates the process of "negotiation" between the two houses, and keeps the Senate as the
upper house An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restric ...
and the
Chamber Chamber or the chamber may refer to: In government and organizations * Chamber of commerce, an organization of business owners to promote commercial interests *Legislative chamber, in politics * Debate chamber, the space or room that houses delib ...
as the lower house.


Committees

Committees of the Chamber of Deputies (15):
– The committee for legal affairs, appointments, discipline, immunities and validations;
– Committee on Budget, finance, banking and capital market;
– The commission for economy, industry and services;
– Committee on Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development;
– The Committee on Foreign Affairs;
– Committee on public administration, the territory and environmental protection;
– The commission for defense, public order and national security;
– Commission for work, family and social protection;
– Committee for Education, Science, Youth and Sports;
– Committee on Public Health;
– Committee for culture, art and media information in the table;
– Commission on Human Rights, religious and minority;
– The Committee on Equal Opportunities;
– Commission for privatization and management of state assets;
– Committee on research abuses, corruption and petitions. Committees of the Senate (14):
– Committee for Economic Policy, Reform, and Privatization;
– Committee for Budget, Finance, and, Banks, Committee for Industries and Services, Committee for Agriculture, Forestry, Food Industry and Specific Services;
– Committee for Human Rights, Cults and National Minorities Issues;
– Committee for Public Administration Territorial Planning and Ecological Balance;
– Committee for Labour and Social Protection, Committee for Health and Family;
– Committee for Education, Science, Youth, and Sport;
– Committee for Culture, Arts, Mass Information Means;
– Committee for Legal Matters, Discipline, and Immunities;
– Committee for Defense Public Order, and National Security;
– Committee for Foreign Policy;
– Committee for the Investigation of Abuses, Corrupt Practices, and for Petitions;
– Committee for Standing Orders;
– Committee for information technologies and communications;
– Committee on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men. Joint committees :
''Standing committees'':
– The Committee on European Affairs;
– The former Committee for European Integration;
– The Joint Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the exercise of parliamentary control over the activity of the Romanian Intelligent Service;
– The Joint Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the exercise of parliamentary control over the activity of the Foreign Intelligent Service;
– The Parliamentary Committee for the control of the implementation of the Law no.42/1990 for honoring the martyr heroes and granting rights to their successors, to the persons wounded in, and to the fighters for the victory of the Revolution of December 1990;
– The Joint Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the statute of the Senator and Deputy, and organizing and functioning of the joint sessions of the Chambers;
– The Joint Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the relation with UNESCO. ''Special committees'':
– The Joint Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the elaboration of the legislative proposal regarding the election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, of the President of Romania, of the authorities of the public local administration, financing of the elections campaign, and the election of the members of the European Parliament;
– The Joint Special Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the control of the budget execution of the Court of Accounts during the year 2003;
– The Joint Special Standing Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for establishing the antenna times for the election of the Romanian Members of the European Parliament;
– The Joint Special Standing Committee of Parliament for the antenna times for the national referendum regarding the introduction of the uninominal election of the members of the Parliament of Romania. ''Inquiry committees'':
– The parliamentary inquiry committee for investigations and clarifying the status of the bank accounts of Nicolae Ceaușescu;
– The parliamentary inquiry committee for investigations and clarifying the activity of ICE Dunărea;
– The parliamentary inquiry committee for investigations regarding interception of communications;
– The parliamentary inquiry committee of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate regarding the Bordei Park;
– The parliamentary inquiry committee for investigations and clarifying the spending way of the money obtained as a 2% quota from the privatization value, destined to the building of social housing, as established by the article 44, 2nd paragraph of the Law 10/2001 regarding the judiciary regime of the buildings abusively acquired by the state in the period 6 March 1945 – 22 December 1989, republished.


Composition


2020–2024

, - ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 , Party ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 , Election seating ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 , Lost ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 , Won ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 , Present seating , - ! style="text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="text-align:center;" , % ! style="text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="text-align:center;" , % , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties Fo ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 47 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 34.55% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 46 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 33.82% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , National Liberal Party , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 41 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 30.14% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 37 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 27.20% , - , ! style="background-color: " , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Save Romania Union The Save Romania Union ( ro, Uniunea Salvați România, USR) is a liberal political party active in Romania and Moldova, currently the third largest party in the Parliament with 43 deputies and 22 senators, and fifth at national level (followin ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 25 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 18.38% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 22 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 16.17% , - , ! style="background-color: " , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Alliance for the Union of Romanians The Alliance for the Union of Romanians ( ro, Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor, AUR) is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party currently active in Romania and Moldova. It was founded on 19 September 2019. This was done with the ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 14 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 10.29% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 12 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 8.82% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR; hu, Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; ro, Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a political party in Romania which aims to represent the significant Hungarian m ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 9 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.61% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 9 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.61% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Force of the Right Force of the Right ( ro, Forța Dreptei, FD), sometimes translated as Right's Force or Right Force, is a liberal-conservative political party in Romania founded in December 2021 by Ludovic Orban, former National Liberal Party (PNL) president and ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 2.20% , - , ! style="background-color: " ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Social Liberal Humanist Party The Social Liberal Humanist Party ( ro, Partidul Umanist Social Liberal, PUSL), formerly Humanist Power Party (Social-Liberal) ( ro, Partidul Puterii Umaniste (social-liberal), PPU-SL) is a centrist to centre-left political party in Romania. It ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0.73% , - , ! style="background-color: " , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Romanian Nationhood Party The Romanian Nationhood Party ( ro, Partidul Neamul Românesc, NR or PNR) is a far-right, Romanian nationalist political party. It was founded by Ninel Peia, a former member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD). The party is critical of Hung ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0.73% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , Independents , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3.67% , - ! align=left colspan=2, Total ! 136 ! 100 ! colspan=2 , — ! 136 ! 100 , - ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 , Party ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 , Election seating ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 , Lost ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 , Won ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 , Present seating , - ! style="text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="text-align:center;" , % ! style="text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="text-align:center;" , % , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties Fo ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 110 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 33.33% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 7 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 104 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 31.51% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , National Liberal Party , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 93 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 28.18% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 16 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 80 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 24.24% , - , ! style="background-color: #00AAE7" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Save Romania Union The Save Romania Union ( ro, Uniunea Salvați România, USR) is a liberal political party active in Romania and Moldova, currently the third largest party in the Parliament with 43 deputies and 22 senators, and fifth at national level (followin ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 55 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 16.66% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 11 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 44 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 13.33% , - , ! style="background-color: " , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Alliance for the Union of Romanians The Alliance for the Union of Romanians ( ro, Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor, AUR) is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party currently active in Romania and Moldova. It was founded on 19 September 2019. This was done with the ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 33 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 10.00% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 10 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 24 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 7.27% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR; hu, Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; ro, Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a political party in Romania which aims to represent the significant Hungarian m ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 21 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.36% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 20 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.06% , - , ! style="background-color: #000000" ,   , style="text-align:left;" , Parties of ethnic minorities , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 18 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5.45% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 18 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5.45% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Force of the Right Force of the Right ( ro, Forța Dreptei, FD), sometimes translated as Right's Force or Right Force, is a liberal-conservative political party in Romania founded in December 2021 by Ludovic Orban, former National Liberal Party (PNL) president and ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 17 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 16 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4.84% , - , ! style="background-color: #c40075" ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Renewing Romania's European Project Renewing Romania's European Project ( ro, Reînnoim Proiectul European al României, REPER) is a social liberal and pro-European political party in Romania. It is a splinter of the Save Romania Union (USR) currently led by Dragoș Pîslaru and ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 10 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 10 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3.03% , - , ! style="background-color: #0066B6" ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Social Liberal Humanist Party The Social Liberal Humanist Party ( ro, Partidul Umanist Social Liberal, PUSL), formerly Humanist Power Party (Social-Liberal) ( ro, Partidul Puterii Umaniste (social-liberal), PPU-SL) is a centrist to centre-left political party in Romania. It ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1.21% , - , ! style="background-color: " , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Romanian Nationhood Party The Romanian Nationhood Party ( ro, Partidul Neamul Românesc, NR or PNR) is a far-right, Romanian nationalist political party. It was founded by Ninel Peia, a former member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD). The party is critical of Hung ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1.21% , - , ! style="background-color: " , , style="text-align:left;" ,
The Right Alternative The Right Alternative ( ro, Alternativa Dreaptă, AD) is a right-wing political party in Romania. It was founded and registered on 9 August 2019. The Right Alternative is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists The European C ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0.90% , - , ! style="background-color: " , , style="text-align:left;" , Alliance for the Homeland , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0.30% , - , ! style="background-color: " , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Association of Italians of Romania The Association of Italians of Romania – RO.AS.IT. ( ro, Asociația Italienilor din România – RO.AS.IT.; it, Associazione degli Italiani di Romania – RO.AS.IT.) is an ethnic minority political party in Romania representing the Italian ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0.30% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , Independents , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 13 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 14 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0.30% , - ! align=left colspan=2, Total ! 330 ! 100 ! colspan=2 , — ! 330 ! 100


2016–2020

, - ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 , Party ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 , Election seating ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 , Lost ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 , Won ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 , End seating , - ! style="text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="text-align:center;" , % ! style="text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="text-align:center;" , % , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties Fo ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 67 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 49.26% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 10 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 59 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 43.38% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , National Liberal Party , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 30 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 22.05% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 26 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 19.11% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Save Romania Union The Save Romania Union ( ro, Uniunea Salvați România, USR) is a liberal political party active in Romania and Moldova, currently the third largest party in the Parliament with 43 deputies and 22 senators, and fifth at national level (followin ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 13 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 9.55% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 13 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 9.55% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR; hu, Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; ro, Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a political party in Romania which aims to represent the significant Hungarian m ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 9 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.61% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 9 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.61% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , Alliance of Liberals and Democrats , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 9 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.61% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 7 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5.14% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
People's Movement Party The People's Movement Party ( ro, Partidul Mișcarea Populară, PMP) is a minor extra-parliamentary nominally centre-right Christian democratic, national-conservative political party in Romania. History The PMP was created as a political founda ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 8 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5.88% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3.67% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Humanist Power Party The Social Liberal Humanist Party ( ro, Partidul Umanist Social Liberal, PUSL), formerly Humanist Power Party (Social-Liberal) ( ro, Partidul Puterii Umaniste (social-liberal), PPU-SL) is a centrist to centre-left political party in Romania. It ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1.47% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , Independents , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 15 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 15 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 11.02% , - ! align=left colspan=2, Total ! 136 ! 100 ! colspan=2 , — ! 136 ! 100 , - ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 , Party ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 , Election seating ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 , Lost ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 , Won ! style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 , End seating , - ! style="text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="text-align:center;" , % ! style="text-align:center;" , Seats ! style="text-align:center;" , % , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties Fo ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 154 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 46.8% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 65 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 28 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 117 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 35.56% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , National Liberal Party , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 69 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 20.97% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 66 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 20.06% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Save Romania Union The Save Romania Union ( ro, Uniunea Salvați România, USR) is a liberal political party active in Romania and Moldova, currently the third largest party in the Parliament with 43 deputies and 22 senators, and fifth at national level (followin ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 30 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 9.11% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 11 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 25 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 7.59% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR; hu, Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; ro, Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a political party in Romania which aims to represent the significant Hungarian m ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 21 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.38% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 20 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.07% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , Alliance of Liberals and Democrats , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 20 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.07% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 10 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 14 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4.26% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
People's Movement Party The People's Movement Party ( ro, Partidul Mișcarea Populară, PMP) is a minor extra-parliamentary nominally centre-right Christian democratic, national-conservative political party in Romania. History The PMP was created as a political founda ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 18 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5.47% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 9 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 15 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 4.55% , - , ! style="background-color: #000000" ,   , style="text-align:left;" , Parties of ethnic minorities , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 17 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5.17% , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 17 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 5.17% , - , ! style="background-color: ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
PRO Romania PRO Romania (, PRO) is a minor extra-parliamentary social liberal political party in Romania. History The founding of PRO Romania was initiated in 2017 by former Prime Minister Victor Ponta, former acting/ad interim Prime Minister and Minist ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 21 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 21 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 6.38% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" ,
Humanist Power Party The Social Liberal Humanist Party ( ro, Partidul Umanist Social Liberal, PUSL), formerly Humanist Power Party (Social-Liberal) ( ro, Partidul Puterii Umaniste (social-liberal), PPU-SL) is a centrist to centre-left political party in Romania. It ...
, style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 7 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 7 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 2.12% , - ,   , style="text-align:left;" , Independents , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , — , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 11 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 38 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 27 , style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" , 10.94% , - ! align=left colspan=2, Total ! 329 ! 100 ! colspan=2 , — ! 329 ! 100


2012–2016


2008–2012


2004–2008

The figures in the table below denote only the seats in the Chamber of Deputies:


2000–2004

The figures in the table below denote only the seats in the Chamber of Deputies:


1996–2000

The figures in the table below denote only the seats in the Chamber of Deputies:


1992–1996

The figures in the table below denote only the seats in the Chamber of Deputies:


1990–1992

The figures in the table below denote only the seats in the Chamber of Deputies:


Notes


References


CV at the Chamber of Deputies of Romania

CV at the Chamber of Deputies of Romania


External links


Senate of Romania

Chamber of Deputies of Romania
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parliament of Romania Politics of Romania
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
1862 establishments in Romania