Pargo Kaling

The Pargo Kaling () was a large chorten straddling across the road leading from Drepung between the Potala's Red Hill (Marpori) and the Iron Hill ( Chagpori) at Lhasa, Tibet, and containing a through-passage or archway for people and animals. It formed the "Western Gate" of the city and led into the village of Shol. It was destroyed in 1967, André Alexander
''The Traditional Lhasa House: Typology of an Endangered Species''
LIT Verlag Münster, 2013, 409 pages, p. 54: "In 1948, ..There were no more city walls, but two gates. One was the Drakgo-kaling, a gate consisting of three stupa monuments located between the Potala Palace and Chakpori Hill (demolished in 1967 and rebuilt in 1995). The other was located at the western edge of the central urban cluster, from where one had to cross a bridge and pass by the important Western Rigsum Gonpo temple in order to reach the Potala." but the Lhasa authorities had it rebuilt in 1995.

One of three chortens

As shown by photographs taken in 1904 and 1938, the Pargo Kaling chorten was one of three chortens: a second one was perched on the low ridge of Marpori and a third one stood on the low ridge of Chagpori. From the top of the middle chorten, wires furnished with small bells were stretched to the top of the two smaller chortens.

Names

The Tibetan name of the Western Gate has several variants besides Pargo Kaling: Pawogaling (Peter Aufschnaiter), Drakgo Kaling (André Alexander), Barkokani or Bakokani (G. Ts. Tsybikoff), and Bar chorten (also G. Ts. Tsybikoff).

The oldest known representation of the Pargo Kaling Gate is found on a map of the city of Lhasa drawn by Nikita Bichurin in the first half of the 19th century. In the left lower corner, the larger centre chorten with its through-passage can be seen in between the two smaller side chortens.

Representations

The Western Gate was the scene of the entrance of the British Army's invasion force to Lhasa on August 4, 1904. Preceded by the Chinese Imperial commissioner's escort., Younghusband's soldiers entered the city through the arch in the Pargo Kaling chorten

The Pargo Kaling chorten was also depicted in a scene of the 1997 movie '' Seven Years in Tibet'', which was the adaptation of the '' book of that title'' by Heinrich Harrer. The cover art of the original motion picture soundtrack shows actor Brad Pitt and the young 14th Dalai Lama with the chorten in the background.

The English version of Peter Aufschnaiter's memoirs ''Eight Years in Tibet'', published in 2002, includes a photo of the chorten with the caption "Pawogaling, the Western Stupa below the Potala."

A photo of the famous landmark is on the cover of Kamal Ratna Tuladhar's book, ''Caravan to Lhasa'', published in 2004, about the story of Nepalese Newar traders in Tibet from the 1920s to the 1960s.''A Journal of Newar Studies''
2004/05, page 11.

A song to the Western Gate

In the 1980s, the lost Western Gate inspired a song sung by Tibetan singer Dadon. The lyrics of the first verse and the chorus go like this:

''In front of the Potala Palace / There were three beloved stupas / Whenever the wind stirred the chimes / What resounding music there was / How melodious it sounded.''

''Aah stupa Drago Kaling / Aah, in my mind I suddenly remember / In the depth of my heart I suddenly remember you.''

References

Gallery

File:Potala Palace (23651397662).jpg, The centre chorten seen from Chagpori Hill (2015).
File:Potala palace22.jpg, The three chortens seen from Chagpori Hill (2009).
File:Lhasa - Potála - panoramio (1).jpg, The centre chorten and the Chagpori Hill chorten (2011).
File:309Blick auf Chokpori.jpg, The centre chorten and Chagpori hill chorten seen from Marpori Hill (2013).

{{coord missing, Tibet

Stupas in China
Lhasa
Buildings and structures demolished in 1967
Cultural Revolution
Former buildings and structures in Tibet
Tibetan Buddhist architecture