Pannerdens Kanaal

The Pannerdens Kanaal (Pannerden Canal) is a

canal Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface f ...

in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

that was dredged between 1701 and 1709 to cut off a large, shallow bend of the

river A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of ...

Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , source ...

and so improve river traffic and water regulation. The canal, now indistinguishable from a "real" river, forks off north from river Waal a few kilometres past the point where the

Bijlands Kanaal The Bijlands Kanaal (Bijland Canal) is a canal in the Netherlands, Dutch Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Gelderland, near the Dutch-Germany, German border. It is currently by far the most important river-stretch of the Rhine when that majo ...

, a similar canal dug to cut off a Waal bend, ends. It flows past the towns of

Pannerden Pannerden is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Zevenaar. Pannerden was a separate municipality from 1818 to 1985, when it became a part of the new municipality of Rijnwaarden. History The villa ...

(right bank), which gives the canal its name, and Angeren (left bank) and so north to the point where the old Rhine bend flows into it and the river continues to the

sea The sea, connected as the world ocean or simply the ocean, is the body of salty water that covers approximately 71% of the Earth's surface. The word sea is also used to denote second-order sections of the sea, such as the Mediterranean Sea, ...

Nederrijn 300px, Course of the Nederrijn Nederrijn (; "Lower Rhine"; not to be confused with the section called Lower Rhine further upstream) is the name of the Dutch part of the Rhine from the confluence at the town of Angeren of the cut-off Rhine be ...

(Lower Rhine). The old Rhine bend, cut off at its

upstream Upstream may refer to: * Upstream (bioprocess) * ''Upstream'' (film), a 1927 film by John Ford * Upstream (networking) * ''Upstream'' (newspaper), a newspaper covering the oil and gas industry * Upstream (petroleum industry) * Upstream (software ...

end, still exists and is called, unsurprisingly, Oude Rijn (Old Rhine). {{Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta Canals in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta Canals opened in 1709 1709 establishments in the Dutch Republic Canals in the Netherlands Canals in Gelderland Lingewaard Zevenaar