Panjin () is a coastal

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of Chi ...

in central

Liaoning province Liaoning () is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region. With its capital at Shenyang, it is located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, and is the northernmost ...

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

, situated on the northern shore of the

Liaodong Bay Liaodong Bay () is largest and longest of the three main bays (along with Laizhou Bay to the south and the Bohai Bay to the southwest) of the Bohai Sea, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea. Although named after the Liaodong Peninsula (which ...

. It borders

Anshan Anshan () is an inland prefecture-level city in central-southeast Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, about south of the provincial capital Shenyang. As of the 2020 census, it was Liaoning's third most populous city with a population ...

to the east,

Yingkou Yingkou () is a coastal prefecture-level city of central southern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, on the northeastern shore of Liaodong Bay. It is the third-smallest city in Liaoning with a total area of , and the ninth most popul ...

to the southeast, and

Jinzhou Jinzhou (, ), formerly Chinchow, is a coastal prefecture-level city in central-west Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the Liaoxi Corridor, which connects most of the land transports between North Chin ...

to the west and north. It is the smallest city in both Liaoning and the entire

Northeast China Northeast China or Northeastern China () is a geographical region of China, which is often referred to as "Manchuria" or "Inner Manchuria" by surrounding countries and the West. It usually corresponds specifically to the three provinces east of ...

with an administrative area of , and Liaoning's least populous city with a population of 1,389,691 people as of the 2020 census, all in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 urban districts and Dawa and Panshan counties now largely being conurbated.

Administration

Panjin has administrative jurisdiction over 3

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivision ...

s and 1

county A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

. Panjin was established as a prefecture-level city with its current boundaries by the State Council on June 5, 1984.

Geography

Panjin is located between 40°40'−41°27' N and 121°31'−122°28' E, with its urban section mainly on the historical

Liao River The Liao River () is the principal river in southern Northeast China, and one of the seven main river systems in China. Its name derived from the Liao region, a historical name for southern Manchuria, from which the Liaoning province, Liaodong ...

Delta. The Shuangtaizi River (which gives name to the city's

Shuangtaizi District Shuangtaizi District () is an urban district under the administration of the prefectural city of Panjin in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. The district's name came from the Shuangtaizi River, the old name (until 2011) of the moder ...

), formally the smaller western

distributary A distributary, or a distributary channel, is a stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. Distributaries are a common feature of river deltas. The phenomenon is known as river bifurcation. The opposite of a distributar ...

but now the only lower section of the Liao River system, flows through the city and drains into the

to its west between its

Dawa District Dawa District () is a district of the city of Panjin, in central Liaoning province of Northeast China. The district has a land area of and a population of 390,000. The postal code is 124200. The district seat is located in Zhanqian Community in ...

and Panshan County. The

Daliao River The Daliao River ( zh, s=大辽河, t=大遼河, p=Dàliáohé, "Great Liao River") is a major river system in eastern Liaoning province of Northeast China, and formerly the main distributary of the lower Liao River until 1958. The Daliao River ...

, historically Liao River's larger eastern distributary and the main lower section but now a separate river system since 1958, runs east of Panjin, serving as the border between it and the neighboring cities of

and

. Panjin is a major

crude oil Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. The name ''petroleum'' covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude ...

production centre of Northeast China, with access to the

Liaohe Oil Field The Liaohe oil field is an oil field located in Liaoning Province ( Bohai Basin), China. It was discovered in 1958 and developed by China National Petroleum Corporation. It began production in 1970 and produces oil. The total proven reserves Pr ...

, which was once the third largest oil field in China behind

Daqing Daqing (; alternately romanized as Taching) is a prefecture-level city in the west of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. The name literally means "Great Celebration". Daqing is known as the "Oil Capital of China" and has experi ...

and

Shengli Oil Field The Shengli Oil Field () is the second-largest oil field in the People's Republic of China, with daily production of approximately . It is located in the Yellow River delta, in the north of Shandong province bordering Bohai Sea. Its main working a ...

Climate

Panjin has a

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...

-influenced

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freez ...

(Köppen Dwa). It has an annual mean temperature of and receives over 2700 hours of sunshine a year.

Attractions

Major points of interest include: * Shuangtaihekou State Natural Reserve, a marshland that serves as natural habitat to 321 species of animals. It also serves as one of the few breeding grounds for endangered birds such as the

red-crowned crane The red-crowned crane (''Grus japonensis''), also called the Manchurian crane or Japanese crane (; the Chinese character '丹' means 'red', '頂/顶' means 'crown' and '鶴/鹤' means 'crane'), is a large East Asian crane among the rarest cran ...

and Saunders' gull. Millions of birds of as much as 172 different species stop at the area during their migration, including more than 20 endangered species such as the

demoiselle crane The demoiselle crane (''Grus virgo'') is a species of crane found in central Eurosiberia, ranging from the Black Sea to Mongolia and North Eastern China. There is also a small breeding population in Turkey. These cranes are migratory birds. Bir ...

white stork The white stork (''Ciconia ciconia'') is a large bird in the stork family, Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on the bird's wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average from beak tip to e ...

black stork The black stork (''Ciconia nigra'') is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ''Systema Naturae''. Measuring on average from beak tip to end of tail with a wingspan, th ...

, white-fronted goose,

whooper swan The whooper swan ( /ˈhuːpə(ɹ) swɒn/) (''Cygnus cygnus''), also known as the common swan, pronounced ''hooper swan'', is a large northern hemisphere swan. It is the Eurasian counterpart of the North American trumpeter swan, and the type speci ...

, and

brown goshawk The brown goshawk (''Accipiter fasciatus'') is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae found in Australia and surrounding islands. Description Its upperparts are grey with a chestnut collar; its underparts are mainly rufous, f ...

. On a special note, Panjin is also called "Home of the Cranes" for the above reasons. * reed-grass beach (Golden Beach at Bohai Sea) and the clam mound *

Red Seabeach Red Beach (), located in Dawa County, Panjin, Liaoning, China, is famous for its landscape featuring the red plant of ''Suaeda salsa'' () of the family Chenopodiaceae. It is based in the biggest wetland and reed marsh in the world. The landscap ...

* Hubin Park in Panshan, featuring the Liaohe Tablets. These stone tablets bear inscriptions of Chinese calligraphy by historical and contemporary artists. 盘锦红海滩

Education

* Higher Education:

Dalian University of Technology Dalian University of Technology (DUT) (), colloquially known in Chinese as Dagong (), is a public research university located in Dalian, Liaoning, China, with an additional campus in Panjin, Liaoning. Established in April 1949, it is the ...

, Panjin Campus Liaohe Petroleum Career Technical College Panjin Vocational and Technical College * Secondary Education: Panjin Senior Middle School LYYG

References

External links

Panjin's official website in Simplified Chinese
{{Authority control Cities in Liaoning Prefecture-level divisions of Liaoning