Panic Movement (''Mouvement panique'') was an art collective formed by

Fernando Arrabal Fernando Arrabal Terán (born August 11, 1932) is a Spanish playwright, screenwriter, film director, novelist, and poet. He was born in Melilla and settled in France in 1955. Regarding his nationality, Arrabal describes himself as "desterrado" ...

Alejandro Jodorowsky Alejandro Jodorowsky Prullansky (; born 17 February 1929) is a Chilean-French avant-garde filmmaker. Best known for his 1970s films ''El Topo'' and '' The Holy Mountain'', Jodorowsky has been "venerated by cult cinema enthusiasts" for his work ...

, and

Roland Topor Roland Topor (7 January 1938 – 16 April 1997) was a French illustrator, cartoonist, comics artist, painter, novelist, playwright, film and TV writer, filmmaker and actor, who was known for the surreal nature of his work. He was of Polish-Jewis ...

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

in 1962. Inspired by and named after the god Pan, and influenced by

Luis Buñuel Luis Buñuel Portolés (; 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish-Mexican filmmaker who worked in France, Mexico, and Spain. He has been widely considered by many film critics, historians, and directors to be one of the greatest and ...

and Antonin Artaud's

Theatre of Cruelty The Theatre of Cruelty (french: Théâtre de la Cruauté, also french: Théâtre cruel) is a form of theatre generally associated with Antonin Artaud. Artaud, who was briefly a member of the surrealist movement, outlined his theories in '' The The ...

, the group concentrated on chaotic and surreal

performance art Performance art is an artwork or art exhibition created through actions executed by the artist or other participants. It may be witnessed live or through documentation, spontaneously developed or written, and is traditionally presented to a pu ...

, as a response to surrealism becoming mainstream. The movement's violent theatrical events were designed to be shocking, and to release destructive energies in search of peace and beauty. One four-hour performance known as ''Sacramental Melodrama'' was staged in May 1965 at the Paris Festival of Free Expression. The "happening" starred Jodorowsky dressed in motorcyclist leather and featured him slitting the throats of two geese, taping two snakes to his chest and having himself stripped and whipped. Other scenes included "naked women covered in honey, a crucified chicken, the staged murder of a rabbi, a giant vagina, the throwing of live turtles into the audience, and canned apricots." Arrabal and Jodorowsky later started to work also on film. Arrabal is well known for his films '' Viva la muerte'' (1971) and ''

I Will Walk Like a Crazy Horse ''I Will Walk Like a Crazy Horse'' (French: ''J'irai comme un cheval fou'', also known as ''I Will Go Like a Wild Horse'') is a 1973 French surreal drama film directed by Fernando Arrabal. The movie first released on November 22, 1973 in France a ...

'' (1973), while Jodorowsky achieved even more fame with ''

Fando y Lis ''Fando y Lis'' is a 1968 Mexican film directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky in his feature length directorial debut. It is an adaptation of a 1962 play of the same name by Fernando Arrabal, who was working with Jodorowsky on performance art at the tim ...

'' (1967), '' El Topo'' (1970) and '' The Holy Mountain'' (1973). Jodorowsky dissolved the Panic Movement in 1973, after the release of Arrabal's book ''Le panique''.

References

Bibliography

* Arrabal, Fernando (1973). ''Le Panique''. Paris: Union générale d'éditions (10/18). * Arrabal, Fernando, Jodorowsky, Alejandro, Topor, Roland (1978). ''Panico''. Italy:

Pellicanolibri {{Infobox company , name = Pellicanolibri , foundation = 1976 , founder = Beppe Costa , logo = LogoPellicanolibri.jpg , logo_size = 300px , type = , location = Rome, Italy , area_served = , key_peo ...

* Arrabal, Fernando (2006). ''Panique Manifeste pour le troisième millénaire''. Paris: Ed. Punctum. * Aranzueque-Arrieta, Frédéric (2008). ''Panique: Arrabal, Jodorowsky, Topor'' ssay L'Harmattan. {{Alejandro Jodorowsky Alejandro Jodorowsky Roland Topor Surrealist groups French surrealist artists French artist groups and collectives

See also

References

Bibliography