Palapag, Northern Samar

Palapag, officially the Municipality of Palapag ( war, Bungto han Palapag; tl, Bayan ng Palapag), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Northern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 34,034 people.

It is located in the northernmost part of Samar Island.

Etymology

The name Palapag, according to locals is derived from the word “''Palpag''” (in the Waray-Waray language it means ‘pounding a post using a wooden stick’ or pulping the bark of a bakhao).

The first group of Spaniards who came to Palapag, as they did not know the name of the place, they asked in Spanish language to a group of people pulping the bark of a bakhao tree about the name of the place. They thought that they were asked what they were doing, so they answered in vernacular language “''nagpapalpag''”, which means pulping the bark of a tree. From that time on, the place was called Palpag by the Spaniards.

History

Pre-Hispanic

Ages before the coming of the Spaniards, the Philippines was already settled. Each settlement was an independent kingdom known as barangay. About one hundred families consisted each barangay. Each barangay had a ruler called datu, also known as hari or raja. He exercised executive, legislative and judicial power in the barangay. During wartime, he was the commander of barangay warriors. The datu usually obtained his position by inheritance, wisdom, wealth or physical strength.

The early Filipinos had their own form of government. They had both oral and written laws. The unwritten laws were the customs which were passed down from generation to generation and the written laws were promulgated by the datus.

In Samar, there were already settlements located along the coast and the river before the Spaniards arrived. These settlements called bungto were ruled by a datu, also called the ginaopan or gindolohan. The datus who ruled the bayside settlements or alongside deep harbors were the most richest and powerful.

The society in prehispanic Samar was composed of datu, the freemen or timawa, the tuhay or mamahay which were also known as aliping namamahay in the Tagalog region, and the hayuhay or ayuway which were equivalent of the aliping sagigilid.

Spanish Era

Arrival of the Jesuit Missionaries

On the year 1585, during the reign of Spanish Governor-General Don Santiago de Vera, the Spaniards established Palapag as pueblo and named it Palpag. Later on, it was renamed as Palapag, the present name of the town.

The responsibility of bringing the Gospel on the Island of Samar was tasked to Fathers Francisco Otaco, Bartolome Martes and Brother Domingo Alonso on October 15, 1596. They first established their mission residence in Tinago (Tarangnan) on the western coast of Samar. At that time, Tinago was one of the most ancient and most populated villages upon the arrival of the Jesuits. On 1598, a fine church was built in Tinago and six other smaller ones were constructed near the mission residence.

When the people of Palapag heard and learned about the wonderful things that happened in Tinago and on the entire western coast of Samar, they started to appeal with the missionaries to establish a mission residence in their villages. Because of this appeal, the Jesuits sent a small group of missionaries to Palapag.

Palapag Royal Port

''The Royal Port of Palapag and the Manila Galleons''
The people of Palapag or Ibabao and the missionaries played an all-important role in sheltering and securing the richly laden Manila galleons returning from Acapulco, Mexico.

The first trans-Pacific voyage of galleon occurred on 1565. For some two hundred and fifty years, the treasure laden vessels sailed almost annually in the Pacific Ocean contended with the disease, scurvy, beriberi, hunger, sea storms, and Dutch and English piracy. It was vital both economically and spiritually to the Spanish outpost.
The galleon shipped spices to Mexico from Manila and upon returning from America, the vessels were loaded with wealth doubled when it left Manila.

Throughout the period of galleon trade, Palapag Port harbored these richly laden ships from Moro and Dutch pursuits. Sometimes these vessels sought refuge from unfavorable winds or seas or merely drop their anchor for water, food or fuel then continue their voyage though the San Bernardino Strait.

These ports were located off the coast of Palapag. The first one was on the outskirts called Cajayagan and the other one the so-called inner ports which were more secure than the first was called Calomotan. From there, the galleon continued their voyage passing the villages of Catarman and Bobon and made a stopover in the island of Biri, where they either watched the tide or unload the parcel of their cargo then proceeded to the Strait of San Bernardino.

Provincial and Municipal Government

By 17th Century, Spanish colonist numbered only a few thousand throughout the Philippines had little incentives to settle and carve out the land in the provinces. On the Island of Samar, the land and people were distributed among the Spanish colonists under the encomienda system. A Spanish who was trusted with encomienda was called encomendero. He was tasked to collect tributes, recruit abled-bodied males for public services or polo and ensure the physical and spiritual well-being of the inhabitants. But because of abuses, the system was abolished.

In order to enhance their administration on the colony, the Spaniards did not abolish the old barangays and merged it into towns called pueblos and the groups of pueblos were called alcaldia or districts headed by alcalde mayor.

When the Jesuits were expelled in Samar in 1768, there were sixteen pueblos had already established but only fifteen pueblos had Jesuit parish priest resident and were already divided into three residences, the east, north and the west coasts. The center of the north-east coasts referred to as Ibabao, was Palapag, while for the west coast was Catbalogan and at the same time the capital of Samar Island. Being the capital, it was there where the provincial government personnel numbering no more than three or four Spaniards including the governor. His prime duty was to collect revenues, pay the accounts and balance the books. He had executives, judicial and legislative functions.

As of 1830, a royal order was issued substituting civilian governor by a military governor. He assumed office on 1830 as the first military governor of Samar and the number of government personnel was increased. For administrative purposes, he suggested the division of Samar into three administrative districts, the west, north and the east coasts. It was approved on 1867 in Manila and in the Council of Administration in Madrid, however it was not realized. By 1890, the Franciscans divided Samar into three vicariates, the west, north and east coasts.

On the municipal level, the pueblo was headed by a Gobernadorcillo elected annually. He was both the judicial and executive officer, the general supervisor and ensure of public order, the main collector of tributes and in charge of the repair and maintenance of public buildings and roads. In order to perform his task efficiently he had to work closely with the priest for support and visto bueno of documents. His subordinates were called cabeza de barangay who was in charge of collecting tributes and other taxes of each family. Aside from them, there were also three superintendents and assistants of fields, livestock, police and lieutenants (tenientes) and police for every visita and barrio. With the increased of pueblo officials the role of the priest was reduced.

Geography

Palapag is bounded on the north by the vast Pacific Ocean, on the east by the municipality of Mapanas, on the west by the municipality of Laoang and on the south by the municipality of Catubig. The town center is located in the north-eastern part of the municipality. Its physical features are characterized by mountainous part on the east and a relatively plain on the north-western side of the municipality. Palapag has a total land area of .

Climate

The climate falls under Type 2, no distinct dry season with a very pronounced rainy season, maximum rain period generally occur in December and January. It has an average annual rainfall of per year with an average annual temperature of . The warmest month mean temperature is .

This climate type in Palapag plays an important rule to its agricultural economy. Although the agricultural land area is wide enough for the farmers, mostly the cultivation is being limited by the excessive rainfall and the regular sweeping of the typhoon on Samar Islands.

Barangays

Palapag is subdivided into 32 barangays.

* Asum (Poblacion)
* Bagacay
* Bangon
* Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. (Poblacion)
* Binay
* Cabariwan
* Cabatuan
* Campedico
* Capacujan
* Jangtud
* Laniwan (Poblacion)
* Mabaras
* Magsaysay
* Manajao
* Mapno
* Maragano
* Matambag
* Monbon
* Nagbobtac
* Napo
* Natawo
* Nipa
* Osmeña
* Pangpang
* Paysud
* Sangay
* Simora
* Sinalaran
* Sumoroy
* Talolora
* Tambangan (Poblacion)
* Tinampo (Poblacion)

Demographics

Economy

Transportation

The municipality is not directly connected by land to other regions of the Philippine archipelago; it still relies on the wharfs provided by the Barangay's near coastal areas (Barangay Sumoroy and Barangay Pangpang) through motorized boats on going to and from the town. It has a small port in Barangay Mapno but currently idle, no facilities yet provided for the port users.

Education

Elementary:
* Palapag Central Elementary School
* Cabatuan Elementary School

Secondary:
* Sumoroy Agro-Industrial School
* Capacujan National High School
* Cabatuan National High School
* Pangpang National High School
* Jangtud National High School

Tertiary:
*Eastern Visayas Central Colleges (EVCC)
*Colegio de Nuestra Seniora de la Assuncion

References

External links

* Philippine Standard Geographic Code
Philippine Census Information

Local Governance Performance Management System

{{Authority control

Municipalities of Northern Samar