There are 1,340 recognised ethnic groups in Indonesia. The vast majority of those belong to the Austronesian peoples. Based on ethnic classification, the largest ethnic group in Indonesia is the Javanese people, Javanese who make up about 40% of the total population. The Javanese are concentrated on the island of Java, particularly in the central and eastern parts. The Sundanese people, Sundanese are the next largest group; their homeland is located in the western part of the island of Java and the southern edge of Sumatra. The Sunda Strait is named after them. The Malay Indonesians, Malays, Batak, Madurese people, Madurese, Betawi people, Betawi, Minangkabau people, Minangkabau, and Buginese people, Bugis are the next largest groups in the country. Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and Papua (Indonesian province), Papua, have only hundreds of members. Most of the local languages belong to the Austronesian languages, Austronesian language family, although a significant number of people, particularly in eastern Indonesia, speak unrelated Papuan languages. Indonesians of Chinese Indonesians, Chinese, Arab Indonesians, Arab and Indian Indonesians, Indian descent each make up less than 1% of the total Indonesian population. The classification of ethnic groups in Indonesia is not rigid and in some cases unclear due to migrations, cultural and linguistic influences; for example, some may consider the Bantenese people, Bantenese to be members of the Sundanese people; however, others argue that they are different ethnic groups altogether since they have their own distinct dialects. This is also the case with the Baduy people, who share many cultural similarities with the Sundanese people. An example of hybrid ethnicity is the Betawi people, descended not only from marriages between different peoples native to Indonesia, but also intermarriages with Arab, Chinese and Indian migrants since the era of colonial Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia (modern-day Jakarta).

Statistics

2010

Number and percentage of population of ethnic groups with more than a million members according to the 2010 census. The proportions of Indonesian ethnic groups according to the (2000 census) are as follows: Some ethnic groups which are now recognized as being distinct were subsumed under larger umbrella groups up until 2001. Since the 2010 census, they are counted separately. Indonesia Ethnic Groups Map English

Indigenous ethnic groups

Some ethnic groups are ''indigenous'' to certain regions of Indonesia. Due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise), significant proportions of those ethnic groups reside outside of their traditional regions. * Java (island), Java: Javanese people, Javanese (Tenggerese people, Tenggerese, Osing people, Osing, Banyumasan people, Banyumasan, etc.), Sundanese people, Sundanese (Bantenese people, Bantenese, Baduy people, Badui), Cirebonese people, Cirebonese, Betawi people, Betawi, Madurese people, Madurese * Madura: Madurese people, Madurese * Sumatra: Malay Indonesians, Malay, Acehnese people, Acehnese, Gayonese people, Gayo, Alas people, Alas, Batak, Minangkabau people, Minangkabau, Rejang people, Rejang, Lampung people, Lampungese, Nias people, Nias, Mentawai people, Mentaweian, Enggano people, Engganese, Orang Rimba people, Kubu, Loncong language, Sekak, and others * Kalimantan: Dayak people, Dayak, Banjar people, Banjar, Malays (ethnic group), Malays, Kutai, and others * Sulawesi: Makassarese people, Makassarese, Bugis, Buginese, Mandarese people, Mandarese, Minahasan people, Minahasan, Torajan people, Torajan, Gorontaloan people, Gorontaloan, Bajau, and others * Lesser Sunda Islands: Balinese people, Balinese, Sasak people, Sasak, Sumbawan, Bimanese people, Bimanese, Manggarai people, Manggarai, Lamaholot people, Lamaholot, Atoni, Dawan, Tetunian, Helong people, Helong, Rote Island, Roti, Savu people, Savu, Sumba people, Sumban, Alor Archipelago, Alorese, and others * Maluku Islands, Moluccas: Alfur people, Alfur, Ambonese people, Ambonese, Nuaulu, Manusela people, Manusela, Wemale, Tanimbar Islands, Tanimbarese, and others * Papua (Indonesian province), Papua: Dani (ethnic group), Dani, Bauzi people, Bauzi, Asmat people, Asmat, Amung people, Amungme, and others (see List of ethnic groups of West Papua)

Non-indigenous ethnicities

Throughout History of Indonesia, Indonesian history, various ethnic groups of foreign origin spread throughout Indonesia in several migration waves, and usually established themselves in urban centres, seldom settling rural parts of the country. * Chinese Indonesian, Chinese: The most significant ethnic minority of foreign origin in Indonesia, officially amounting to around 2,8 million, with other sources estimating them at anywhere between 2 and 4 million. Chinese people began migrating to Indonesia in the 16th century, with significant waves in the 19th and 20th centuries. They are mostly concentrated in locations called ''pecinan'' (chinatowns) in urban Java with significant numbers in Jakarta, Surabaya, Tangerang, North Sumatra, Riau, Riau Islands, Bangka-Belitung Islands, and West Kalimantan. Currently, they have lived together peacefully with the local ethnicities such as the Betawi, Malay, Javanese, and Sundanese; and also, few cities in Indonesia have significant Chinese populations that preserve their heritage links to China. They are spread throughout Indonesian archipelagoes, and significant numbers can be found in Palembang, Jakarta, Surabaya and other coastal cities. * Indian Indonesians, Indians: Indians (mostly Tamils) also have settled the Indonesian archipelago; They are mostly concentrated in urban centres, with significant numbers around Pasar Baru, Sawah Besar, Pasar Baru in Jakarta, and the most well known at Kampung Madras in Medan. Almost 95% of all Indian Indonesians are living in the province of North Sumatra. * Indo people, Indos: Indos or Eurasians are people of mixed native Indonesian and Dutch/European ancestry. They emerged in the Dutch East Indies colonial era. Today, less than one million Indonesians with varying degrees of mixed ancestry can trace their ancestors to Europeans. Nowadays, Indos live mostly in Jakarta, many of them having dual citizenship, Dutch and Indonesian. As of 2011, an estimated 124,000 Indos live outside the Netherlands (including Indonesia). * Mardijker people, Mardijkers: Their name means "freeman" and derives from the Dutch pronunciation of the Malay word "merdeka", which means "free". The ancestors of the Mardijkers were enslaved by the Portuguese in India, Africa and the Malay Peninsula. They were brought to Indonesia by the Dutch East India Company and were freed right after being settled here. Over long periods of time, they have gradually returned to their respective home countries. Though, they still exists in small numbers in the capital city today and retains its own distinct culture characteristic of the Mardijker people. * Japanese migration to Indonesia, Japanese: Japanese people initially migrated to Indonesia after the defeat of the Japanese empire in World War II. In the years following, the percentage of Japanese people decreased as they had migrated back to Japan, with only small numbers of ex-Japanese soldiers remaining in Indonesia and becoming Indonesian citizens. The recent increase of Japanese residents in Indonesia has been driven by the increase of Japanese business and investment in the country since the 1990s, with majority of those residents being expatriates who retain their Japanese citizenship. They live mostly in Jakarta and Bali. * Arab Indonesians, Arab: Arabic settled the Indonesian archipelago, Arabs have lived in Indonesia for a very long time and helped spread Islam in Indonesia ; They are mostly concentrated around Pasar Kliwon, Surakarta, Pasar Kliwon in Surakarta, also at Jakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Probolinggo

Statistics

2010

Indigenous ethnic groups

Non-indigenous ethnicities

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography