Pakistan Railways

Pakistan Railways ( ur, ) is the national, state-owned railway company of Pakistan. Founded in 1861 and headquartered in Lahore, it owns of track across Pakistan, stretching from Torkham to Karachi, offering both freight and passenger services.

In 2014, the Ministry of Railways launched ''Pakistan Railways Vision 2026'', which seeks to increase PR's share in Pakistan's transportation sector from 4% to 20%, using the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor rail upgrade. The plan includes building new locomotives, development and improvement of current rail infrastructure, an increase in average train speed, improved on-time performance and expansion of passenger services. The first phase of the project was completed in 2017, and the second phase is scheduled for completion by 2021. Among them is the ML-1 project, which will be completed in three phases at a cost of . Until October 2022, these projects have not started construction or tendering.

Pakistan Railways is an active member of the International Union of Railways. In the 2018/19 financial year, Pakistan Railways carried 70 million passengers.

History

In 1855, during the British Raj, several railway companies began laying track and operating in Sindh and Punjab. The country's railway system was originally a patchwork of local rail lines operated by small, private companies, including the Scinde Railway, Punjab Railway, Delhi Railway and Indus Flotilla. In 1870, the four companies combined to form the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway. Several other rail lines were soon built, including the Indus Valley State Railway, Punjab Northern State Railway, Sind–Sagar Railway, Sind–Pishin State Railway, Trans–Baluchistan Railway and Kandahar State Railway. These six companies merged with the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway to form the North Western State Railway in 1880. Between 1880 and 1947, the North Western State Railway expanded throughout Punjab and Sindh. Locomotives were standardised following a report from the Locomotive Committee on Standard Locomotives for Indian Railways, published in 1910.

Following independence in 1947, most of the North Western State Railway infrastructure was in Pakistani territory and was renamed the Pakistan Western Railway. In East Bengal, the portion of the Assam Bengal Railway in Pakistani territory was renamed the Pakistan Eastern Railway. The country adopted of the North Western State Railway; was , was , and was narrow gauge.

In 1954, a branch line was extended from the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line to Mardan and Charsada. Two years later, the Jacobabad- Kashmore metre- gauge line was converted to broad gauge. The Kot Adu- Kashmore section of the Kotri–Attock Railway Line was built from 1969 to 1973, providing an alternate route from Karachi to northern Pakistan. In 1974, Pakistan Western Railways was renamed Pakistan Railways. In February 2006, the Hyderabad–Khokhrapar Branch Line was converted to . All narrow-gauge tracks in the country were converted to or dismantled during 2000s. On 8 January 2016, the Lodhran–Raiwind Branch Line double-rail project was completed.

File:North Western Railway.jpg, An 1890s map of the North Western State Railway
File:Fortified Northwestern Railway bridge over the Indus at Attock LCCN2004707360.jpg, alt=Train crossing a river on a large bridge, North Western State Railway bridge over the Indus River at Attock in 1895
File:Steam locomotive in Pindi station.jpg, alt=Grey steam engine on a siding, A 1932 steam locomotive in a museum
File:Pakistan-Golra Railway Museum-Islamabad (1).jpg, alt=Stone railway station with a green roof, Golra Sharif Railway Museum and station in Islamabad

Structure

Pakistan Railways is a state-owned enterprise under the Ministry of Railways (MoR) of the government of Pakistan, tasked with and primarily responsible for planning, administrating and establishing passenger rail service and regulating railway companies and industries. Pakistan Railways policy and development are administered by the ministry. From 1947 to 1959, the Pakistan Western Railway and Pakistan Eastern Railway were administered by the Railway Division of the Ministry of Communications, headed by the Director General of Railways (DG Railways) in the ministry. In 1959, an ordinance was passed by Parliament outlining the need for a semi-autonomous railway board. The board was conceived in accordance with the principal powers of the central government as stipulated in the Railways Act IX of 1890. After the first session of the third national assembly, President Ayub Khan issued Presidential Order 33 on 9 June 1962. The order directed the transfer of control of both railways (PWR and PER) from the central government to the provincial governments of West Pakistan and East Pakistan, respectively. When PO 33 came into effect on 1 July 1962, railway boards were established by both provinces (repealing the Railway Board Ordinance of 1959).

The presidential order also reinstated the separation convention whereby railway finances were separated from general finances beginning with fiscal year 1961-62,, paragraph 338-B giving each board greater autonomy. In 1974, the Ministry of Railways was created to administer planning, policy-making, technical advice and management of the railway. In 1982 the Ministry of Railways was merged with the Railway Board by a presidential order, resulting in the federal ministry.

Railway Board

The Railway Board, in existence from 1959 to 2000, was modified with an executive committee from 2000 and 2014. The Railway Board was reconstituted on 20 February 2015. The Board members are:
* Federal Secretary Railways (Chairman of Board)
* Federal Secretary Communications
* Finance Secretary of Pakistan
* Planning and Development Secretary of Pakistan
* General Manager Railways (Operations)
* General Manager Railways (Manufacturing and Services)
* Member Finance, Ministry of Railways

Units and divisions

Pakistan Railways has three functional units: operations, manufacturing and welfare and special initiatives. The operations unit is divided into three main departments. The Infrastructure Department oversees civil engineering, signaling, telecommunications, design and the directorate of property. The Mechanical Engineering Department oversees mechanical engineering, purchasing, stores and electrical engineering, and the Traffic Department oversees passenger facilities, operations, marketing and the directorate of information technology. Several smaller departments, including personnel, railway police, planning, legal affairs, public relations and the Pakistan Railways Academy, are also part of the operations unit. The railway has eight territorial operating divisions: Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi, Sukkur and Gwadar. Gawadar Division is not yet operational. In addition to these 8 divisions, one division is non operating division which is Mughulpura Division, Lahore. This division is, primarily, engaged with maintenance of rolling stock.

Pakistan Railways Divisions

The Railways has 8 Regional Operating Divisions:

# Pakistan Railways Karachi Division
# Pakistan Railways Sukkur Division
# Pakistan Railways Multan Division
# Pakistan Railways Lahore Division
# Pakistan Railways Rawalpindi Division
# Pakistan Railways Peshawar Division
# Pakistan Railways Quetta Division
# Pakistan Railways Gwadar Division, -, it is not active yet

Rolling stock

Pakistan Railways has 190 working diesel-electric locomotives. The average life of the fleet is 25 years, and they are serviced at the Pakistan Locomotive Factory.

In January 2016, the railway ordered 800 hopper wagons from Jinan Railway Vehicles Equipment. The first 205 wagons will be built in China, and the remaining 595 wagons will be assembled at the Moghalpura Railway Workshops in Pakistan. The wagons will carry coal to power stations in Karachi and Qadirabad.

Manufacturing

The Pakistan Locomotive Factory was built in Risalpur in 1993 at a cost of . The factory's capacity is 150 coaches per year on a single-shift basis.

The Moghalpura Railway Workshops, on the Lahore–Wagah Branch Line at Moghalpura Junction railway station (MGPR) in Lahore, are one of several rolling-stock repair sites. The workshop complex emerged at its present site in 1904 to manufacture, repair and overhaul passenger coaches and freight wagons for the North Western State Railway. In 1947, it was the only state-of-the-art workshop for Pakistan Railways.

The railway owns five concrete sleeper factories in Sukkur, Khanewal, Kohat, Shahinabad and Kotri. The first factory was established in Sukkur in 1967, and the other four factories were opened between 1979 and 1981.

Network

Lines

The Pakistan Railways network is divided into main lines and branch lines. The Karachi-Peshawar line is the main north-south line, and the Rohri-Chaman line is the main east-west line.

Main lines

* ''Main Line 1 (ML-1)'' Karachi–Peshawar Line
* ''Main Line 2 (ML-2)'' Kotri–Attock Line
* ''Main Line 3 (ML-3)'' Rohri–Chaman Line
* ''Main Line 4 (ML-4)'' Quetta–Taftan Line
* ''Main Line 5 (ML-5)'' Taxila–Khunjerab Line

Branch lines

Tracks

Pakistan Railways owns of track. All are ( broad gauge), except for some industrial lines.

The broad-gauge track axle load limit is 22.86 tonnes, except for the Rohri-Chaman Line (limit 17.78 tonnes) and Quetta-Taftan Line (limit 17.27 tonnes). The maximum speed on most lines is , but upgraded sections of the Karachi-Peshawar Line allow speeds up to . Work is in progress to upgrade all main lines to .

Electrification

The Lahore-Khanewal line was electrified at 25 kV AC, but electric service had ceased by 2011. The theft of overhead wire was cited as a reason.

Rail links with adjacent countries

*Iran - Pakistan Railways is connected to the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways at Zahedan, where a break-of-gauge exists between the Quetta–Taftan Railway Line and the Kerman–Zahedan line. The link was completed on 18 May 2007.
*Afghanistan - Presently there is no rail link to Afghanistan, but Pakistan Railways has proposed to help build an Afghan rail network in three phases. Phase one would stretch from the Chaman to Spin Boldak as an extension of the Rohri–Chaman Line. Phase two would extend the line from Spin Boldak to Kandahar. Phase three would run from Kandahar to Herat and Khushka, Turkmenistan, linking the with the Central Asian . It is unknown where the break-of-gauge station would be. Another proposal would extend the Karachi-Peshawar Line to Kabul via Jalalabad.
*Turkmenistan via Afghanistan – Proposed, avoiding the intervening gauge
* China - There is no present rail link with China. On 28 February 2007, contracts were awarded for feasibility studies on the Taxila–Khunjerab Line, extending it from Havelian via the Khunjerab Pass to the Chinese railhead at Kashgar, a distance of about .
*Turkey - The completion of the Pakistan-Iran link has made it possible, in principle, to run trains between Pakistan and Turkey via Iran. A container train trial service was begun by Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani between Islamabad and Istanbul on 14 August 2009. The first train carried 20 containers with a capacity of about , and was scheduled to travel from Islamabad through Tehran to Istanbul. An Istanbul-Tehran-Islamabad passenger rail service has also been proposed. In 2009, Minister for Railways Ghulam Ahmad Bilour expressed the hope that after the container-train trial a passenger train would be introduced. There are also hopes that the route would link Europe and Central Asia and carry passengers.
*India - Two rail links to India exist: the Thar Express from Jodhpur, Rajasthan to Karachi and the Samjhauta Express from Delhi to Lahore.

Service

Passenger service

Passenger traffic is 50 percent of total annual revenue; in 1999-2000, this amounted to . Pakistan Railways carried 52.2 million passengers in 2016 and operates 28 mail, express and passenger trains. The railway carries a daily average of 178,000 people, and provides special trains for Eid ul Fitr, Eid ul Azha, Independence Day and Raiwind Ijtema. It set up a website during the early 2000s to provide travelers with up-to-date information about seat availability, departures and arrivals. Online ticket purchase was added to the website in 2016, with reservations confirmed by SMS. Wi-Fi service is included on the Green Line Express.

Classes

Pakistan Railways has several classes of travel. Depending on the route, some trains have one class. Fares for the classes vary, with unreserved seating the least expensive. The following table lists the classes and codes:

Freight service

Pakistan Railways was the predominant mode of freight transportation from coastal ports to the interior. At their peak, between 1955 and 1960, PR handled 73 percent of the country's freight traffic (compared to less than four percent in 2015). The Freight Business Unit operates over 200 freight stations, including the Port of Karachi and Bin Qasim Port, and several dry ports in Pakistan's four provinces. With 12,000 employees, the unit generates revenue from the movement of agricultural, industrial and imported products such as petroleum oil and lubricants, wheat, coal, fertilizer, rock phosphate, cement and sugar from the ports to the interior. On 14 August 2009, Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani launched a freight train between Islamabad and Istanbul via Tehran. The first train carried 20 containers with a capacity of , and made the trip from Islamabad to Tehran and Istanbul in two weeks. In 2015, freight carried by Pakistan Railways increased significantly to 3.3 million tons.

On February 22, 2020 the first cargo train bound for Afghanistan left Karachi, Pakistan with a load of containers. Pakistan Railways Chairman Habib-ur-Rehman Gilani inaugurated the train on Saturday which departed from the Pakistan International Container Terminal in Karachi with 35 containers on board for the country’s southwest Chaman city bordering Afghanistan. From there, the goods will be shifted across the border via road, the Nation reported

Heritage

In Ghangha Pur, a narrow gauge horse-drawn tramway is operational. It was first opened in 1898, closed in 1998, and re-opened in 2010.

The Khyber train safari is a steam operated train between Peshawar and Attock Khurd. It was first opened in 1925, suspended in 1982, reopened in 1996 as Khyber steam safari, suspended again in 2006 and finally reopened in 2015 with present name.

Accidents

Train accidents are common in Pakistan.

# '' 1990 Sukkur Rail Disaster''
# '' 2006 Ghotki Rail Crash''
# ''Super Parcel Express''
# '' 2007 Mehrabpur Derailment''
# '' 2015 Gujranwala Derailment''
# '' 2015 Aab-e-Gum Derailment''
# '' 2016 Karachi Rail Crash''
# 2019 ''Sadiqabad Rail Crash''
# ''2019 Rahimyar Khan''
*'' Sukkur rail disaster'': Occurred on 4 January 1990 in the village of Sangi, near Sukkur in Sindh Province. In Pakistan's worst rail disaster, 307 people were killed. The ''Bahauddin Zakaria Express'', on an overnight run from Multan to Karachi, carried many more passengers in its 16 carriages than its 1,408-seat capacity. The train was supposed to pass through the village of Sangi, but incorrectly-set points sent it into a siding and it struck an empty 67-car freight train at a speed of at least .
* '' Ghotki rail crash'': In PR's worst accident in recent years, three passenger trains collided on 13 July 2005. Thirteen carriages derailed, and over 120 people were killed. The '' Karachi Express'' struck the rear of the ''Quetta Express'' while it was stopped at a station near Ghotki, and the ''Tezgam'' (travelling in the opposite direction) struck several of the derailed carriages. According to officials, the conductor of the ''Karachi Express'' misread a signal.

* ''Super Parcel Express'': On 21 August 2005, the upcountry ''Super Parcels Express'' derailed while crossing the Malir Bridge near Landhi in Karachi Division. Eight bogies were seriously damaged when an axle broke due to overloading, and rail traffic was suspended for 24 hours; all trains were terminated and turned around at Landhi.
* '' Mehrabpur derailment'': The '' Karachi Express'', from Karachi to Lahore, derailed near the town of Mehrabpur in Sindh on 19 December 2007. At about 2:25 a.m. local time, fourteen of the train's sixteen carriages left the tracks; some were mangled by the crash, and others slid down an embankment into water. Sabotage and terrorism were ruled out as reasons for the derailment, with officials blaming faulty track.
* ''2011'' '' Bolan Mail'' Derail On July 29, 2011 Five bogies of the Bolan Mail were derailed while railway track of 300 feet was damaged as unidentified miscreants destroyed the track in Dera Allahyar area here on Friday. Police told the media that the incident happened at the Marri Farm when the train was going to Quetta from Karachi.
* ''2012 Bolan Mail'' Collide With Engine Nov 16, 2012 The driver of Bolan Mail was injured when the train accidentally collided with another engine near Kotri Railway Station on Friday morning. Bolan Mail had a clear signal to run on the up-track due to which it bumped into the already halted engine on the same track that was scheduled to travel to Karachi from Quetta.
* ''2015'' '' Bolan Mail'' Derail June 17, 2015 On Five bogies of the Quetta-bound Bolan Mail derailed near Madeji due to cracks in a dyke of Dadu Canal on Tuesday. Several passengers were injured when the bogies of the train derailed near Madeji in Shikarpur district of Sindh due to cracks in embankment of Dadu Canal and the gushing out water weakened the rail track, making a hole beneath it, which resulted in the accident. The rescue teams rushed to the place of the incident and launched relief operations. They reached the area and started helping the passengers. DS Railways said five additional bogies had been attached with the '' Akbar Bugti Express'' for the victim passengers of Bolan Mail. He said the Railways provided alternative transport facility to the victims so as they could reach their destinations. He said the affected portion of the railway track could only be repaired when the breach in the dyke was repaired. He said eight passengers were injured in the incident.
* '' 2015 Gujranwala derailment'': On 2 July 2015, three carriages of a special train fell into a canal and another derailed near Gujranwala. Nineteen people were killed.
* '' Aab-e-Gum derailment'': On 17 November 2015, the '' Jaffar Express'' derailed at in Balochistan. Twenty people were killed.
* '' Karachi rail crash'': The ''Bahauddin Zakaria Express'' collided with the '' Fareed Express'' (parked at the Landhi railway station) on 3 November 2016, killing 21 people.
* ''2017'' ''Mehr Express'' ''Derailment'' On December 23, 2017 Multan-bound ''Mehr Express'' collided Friday night with a trailer truck carrying sugarcane produce here near the city's Shah Alam area, rescue officials said. At least four people — three passengers and the train driver — were injured during the accident, with an emergency medical aid team dispatched immediately. Peshawar-to-Karachi '' Khushhal Khan Khattak Express'' was delayed due to tracks being closed off after the collision.
* ''2018'' '' Khushal Khan Khattak Express'' ''Derailment'' On September 17, 2018 Twenty-one passengers were injured when seven coaches as well as the locomotive of Peshawer-bound ''Khushal Khan Khattak Express Derailed'' in a hilly area between the Massan Railway Station and Sawan Bridge, about 45 km from here, on Sunday morning.Rescue 1122 said one of the 21 passengers was admitted to the Kalabagh tehsil headquarters hospital with critical injuries.A railways press release said 20 passengers were injured, with four of them admitted to the Mianwali DHQ hospital.
* ''2019 Nasirabad Rail Derailment'' March 17, 2019 The railway track near Nasirabad was blown up and five bogies of '' Jaffar Express'' derailed killing at least five persons on Sunday.The train was going to Quetta. Eight persons sustained injuries in the incident. The rescue teams reached the spot and started shifting the victims to the hospital. The explosion damaged the railway track as well and the locomotion of other trains is also affected. The authorities have started interrogating the matter. The security personnel and police rounded up the area and started the investigation. Moreover, it has been learnt that railway officials are trying to reinstate the track as soon as possible.
*'' Sadiqabad rail crash'' (Walhaar): On 11 July 2019, Akbar Express hit a parked cargo train at the Walhaar Railway Station. 21 people were killed and 100 injured. Minister for Railways Sheikh Rashid Ahmad also expressed grief over the loss of precious lives caused by the accident. He announced compensation of Rs2 million for the families of the deceased and Rs1.5 million each for the injured.
*''Rahimyar Khan'': On 31 October 2019 at least 75 people died after a fire broke out in Tezgam Express – travelling from Karachi to Rawalpindi – after a gas canister reportedly exploded on board as the train was passing through Rahim Yar Khan. The fire started after passengers started cooking on the train, and the resulting inferno destroyed three economy-class carriages of the train. A witness claimed that the fire could not be attributed to the gas cylinder blast since all the cylinders were emptied at the station. Many of the victims died when they jumped from the moving train to escape the inferno.
''2020 Sheikhupura level crossing accident''
On 3 July 2020, at least 20 people died and ten others were injured mostly members of the Pakistani Sikh community in Shah Hussain Express collided with a bus near Sachcha Sauda railway station in Sheikhupura District.
*''2020 Balochistan Train Accident'' Freight Train Collision Between 22 Wheeler Truck Between Wali Khan And Sheikh Wasil Railway Station Quetta Pakistan
*'' 2021 Ghotki rail crash'': On 7 June 2021, at least 62 people died and 200 others were injured so far in a collision between Millat Express and Sir Syed Express.
*''2022 Jaffar Express At Bomb Blast Derailment'' On Six passengers injured as bomb blast derails January 19, 2022 Pakistan Railways officials said that Jaffar Express left for Rawalpindi from Quetta and when it reached near Sibi a powerful bomb blast took place that derailed four carriages of the train.
*''2022 Bolan Mail Rail Crash'' : On 25 April 2022 Four injured as '' Bolan Mail'' collides with goods train in Balochistan. Levies sources said that Bolan Mail, which was on its way from Karachi to Quetta, collided with a goods train in Peeru Kunri Post area of Kachhi.According to them, three boogies of the train derailed from the track. The injured passengers were rushed to a nearby hospital for medical treatment.

Future

New lines

New rail lines have been proposed by Pakistan Railways to connect Gwadar Port to Central Asia, including:
* Karachi–Gwadar Railway Line (Makran Railway)
* Gwadar–Mastung Branch Line
* Basima–Jacobabad Branch Line
* Bostan–Zhob–Dera Ismail Khan Branch Line
* Islamabad–Muzaffarabad Branch Line
* Jhang Sadar–Risalewala Branch Line

Breaks of gauge

*In Pakistan: – at Gwadar Port
*Outside Pakistan: – at Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan and – at Kashgar, China

Track-doubling project

Over of tracks have been doubled since the track-doubling project began in the 1990s. Sections of the Karachi–Peshawar Line were first doubled, since it was the country's busiest and longest line.

Karachi–Peshawar Line

*Kiamari– Lodhran Junction:
* Lodhran Junction– Sher Shah Junction:
* Sher Shah Junction–Multan Cantonment

HOME


Content is Copyleft
Website design, code, and AI is Copyrighted (c) 2014-2017 by Stephen Payne


Consider donating to Wikimedia



As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases